Fumigation Management Plan: Fill & Download for Free

“Nearly 10 months after India’s unprecedented ban on high-value notes that was designed to tackle entrenched corruption, bribery continues to oil the wheels of business in Asia’s third-largest economy, according to a US risk management firm that advises foreign investors.Gifting of land, houses, luxury watches and sponsoring expensive travel abroad are now the preferred bribes as tax authorities clamp down on high-value cash transactions. And for India’s vast shadow economy, estimated by McKinsey & Co. at a fourth of the $2 trillion economy, the cash ban has hardly made a dent.“Transparency, post demonetisation, has marginally improved but I am not sure it has made a dent on corruption,” Tarun Bhatia, managing director at the Indian arm of Kroll Inc., said in an interview in Mumbai. “Of course, there is use of more plastic money than before but I don’t think it is a case where black money is no longer there. It has handicapped but not fumigated the parallel economy……For four decades, New York-headquartered Kroll has helped clients make risk management decisions about people, assets, operations and security. Their recent global survey showed companies worldwide are increasingly grappling with corruption and bribery challenges.“The majority believe the risk landscape is either not going to improve or actually get worse in 2017, their resources are insufficient to support their efforts, and they themselves may now be held personally liable for their organization’s compliance violations,” the report, titled Anti-Bribery and Corruption Benchmarking Report, said.For India, the biggest risk for foreign investors—apart from corruption—is how to exit the country and wind up a business with minimum fuss if things go awry. India has just introduced a bankruptcy code, but its legal system is fraught with delays and inadequacies, making winding up a challenging task for companies.India is ranked a lowly 130 in the ease of doing business by the World Bank and Prime Minister Narendra Modi has made attempts to lift the country’s image as a more business friendly destination in his trips abroad since taking office three years ago. And in a major reform, his government introduced a uniform goods and sales tax across. Still, analysts believe more needs to be done.“Of course there are questions about the ease of doing business,” Bhatia said. “But an equally important question for prospective investors is ‘how easy is it to exit India if business plans don’t go according to plan?’” BloombergThe above report gives us a true picture about the giant of corruption taking a different shape but still being entrenched on the throne.

I have conversations with pro-gun people at work. Most of those conversations run emotionally assertive at the beginnings.I reply, “I have recently obtained several ‘Controlled Use Pesticide’ licenses. For private use I have to keep CUP’s under lock and key. I must include maps for area of use, rates used, product consumed, records of how effective use was, remove effected animals so other animals are not poisoned by that consumption in specified time intervals and specified lapses of time. I must keep written records for a minimum of three years.”“I have now received a ‘Commercial Pesticide License’ by certification by test and can provide pest control in exchange of monetary compensation. I am prohibited monetary exchange by a ‘Private Pesticide License’ and a great many minor prohibited acts. Receiving the Commercial License I am now required to do more detailed filing. I must now have the land owner’s signature on documents describing an pesticide application before it can be applied. I must not make a Fumigation Management Plan before chemicals can be loaded, transported, must have two copies one at office on in a field vehicle, some fumigates must have a second person on the site. Phone numbers of police, hospital , sheriff, poison control, fire departments, D.O.T. Numbers. My certification number, date of expiration. Land owner name, day/night number, address, zip code, Email. Pest must be listed, inspection dates listed pre and post application. Wind speeds, temperatures, time of application, wheather forcasts. Means of disposal of dead discovered animals, reports of non-targer kills.Immediated report of threatened, endangered, or protected accidental kills. Specifics on disposal means, locations, prohibiions of transport of targeted pests. Pesticide labels are required on containers, in work documents in office and field.Humans unless required to be in the area of use are prohibited, return into area can be prohibited for listed amount of time. Safety gear must be used. examined, and instructions of safe use and testing must be preformed and documented each and every time.Why if I should have to preform such requirements on ANY Controlled Use Product that has legitimate controlled use because misuse of the substance in violation of written regulations can be potentially deadly. And pro-gun people whine over a license that would allow inspection of lock and key, listed ammunition in storage, listed expectation of use, and product used?(These requirements and regulations will vary from state to state)( And by individual authorities doing inspections of lock up and records)

Thanks A2A for the question,Waste Management in Kerala is a serious problem and I must admit, we are still clueless and not accustomed to resolve due to a combination of many factors.Kerala is indeed known for its natural beauty and the blot on it is unscientific dumping of waste on roadside and lakes by commoners. Keralites take extra care when comes to personal hygiene. Malayalee culture insists taking bathing twice a day, daily house cleaning, concepts of regular fumigation of house, deep cleaning of the facility, drinking only boiled water (and even hot water with traditional ayurvedic herbs to ensure the water is 100% safe) as well as eating fully cooked food etc.But this doesn’t apply when Malayalees throw their home waste carelessly to public roads or next plot (unused) etc. The logic (I would say Stupidity) is that cleaning means keeping one’s house and its premises in extra ordinary way and not caring whats happening in streets.But this is not a simple issue that can be answered in straight forward way. Rather its multi-layeredBeing RurbanKerala is the best example of the concept of being RURBAN.Rurban is a specially coined word which means Neither Urban nor Rural or an amalgamation of Rural-Urban continuum. Its an weird urbanization concept, where a series of rural areas cluster together under one urban identity and it has a continuum of such identities.Anyway who travelled in Kerala, particularly its west coast would note, one village or town or urban area ends with another village or urban area. There is no clear demarcation where a settlement ends and where a new one starts. As a result, a cluster of multiple villages and towns come together under one Urban identity and at the borders of that urban limit, another urban cluster starts, forming a chain.In simple words as explained by veteran journalist Shekhar Gupta of The Print- In Kerala you have a strange sitution where you will find Urban in a rural area and Rural in an urban area and all forms one identityLook at the below map to see the way Urbanization spreads. Hard to distinguish one urban entity separated from another, thus it forms a series of semi-urban chain which we call Ribbon DevelopmentThe above highlights only officially classified Urban areas spread which itself forms a chain like thingWhat about this below one which includes Towns and Out-grown towns as clusters (includes urban areas that officially classified as Villages)Barring the yellow and Light pink areas (which are mostly Mountains, Dense forests and water bodies, every inch of plain or midland or even semi-highland has been inhabited to form a settlement and linked to another.This has a clear problem too. The urban areas is almost state wide. In reality the west coast of Kerala is emerging as ONE SINGLE CITY, rather multiple cities.So where you place a waste management? Go 50 Kms north, South, East and west of a major city like Kochi, you see only cities… Cities like Muvattupuzha or Chalakuddy or Cherthala or Kodungallor are never inferior to Kochi in any ways (Standard of living or culture or prosperity etc). So where you will built a centralized waste plant for Kochi?This dilemma exist for all Urban corporations and municipalities of Kerala. A small state like Kerala has more than 47.7% municipalities standing close by and nearly 30+ Panchayats being outgrown and waiting to be upgraded to Municipalities.2. My waste, your wasteThe bigger issue of continuous urban belt is that, waste of one municipality or corporation cannot be taken to outskirts of the city to build a waste plant because that outskirts actually is another municipality or outgrown village panchayat. With a continuous Urban belt, where is the real outskirts of a city? Waste plants are normally built in outskirts of a city where population will be minimal and land available either for a landfill or any sort of waste plant like incinerators or Waste to Energy plant. No one wants such in their backyard. Why should waste of Kochi Corporation be bore by people of another municipality like Thrikkakara or Paravur or Chalakkudy? And where they will built theirs?This is a huge concern. Kochi’s waste issue was somewhat solved (40%) with Greater Kochi region able to procure Brahmapuram land (though its still a major problem with pollution and unscientific treatment etc). But the worst comes cities like Trivandrum or Thrissur etc. Trivandrum’s waste plant was supposed to be in Vilappilsala which originally was a small village, but in last one decade, it grown into out-grown town though officially its village. It has a population of nearly 40K people living. Naturally they fought so hard to close Vilappilsala plant. The anti-waste plant in Vilappilsala was an iconic protest. Why should they suffer for waste of someone else?Villappilshala protests against operationalizing Trivandrum’s central waste management plant was one of the largest protests Kerala ever seen and finally the govt has to yield to local’s wishes.How people power forced a waste-management revolution in KeralaAdministration buckles under protest against Vilappilsala waste plantVilappil residents force police to retreat3. Scattered waste conceptIf you look, Kerala is not in one among top 10 states that generates daily waste. Kerala Municipal corporation cities total wastes produced per day is less than 1430 tonnes (as of 2011 figures) whereas states like Odisha or West Bengal produces moreReport of waste produced by Municipal corporations of each state.But compared to Odisha or WB, Kerala can’t even process 55% of its total waste. The primary reason is because as cities and towns are spread across the state, per city/per town waste is so small/minicisule that hardly attracts any private player or any PPP venture to establish a waste plant. For example, Kochi City produces only 185–200 tonnes of waste on daily basis whereas to establish a Waste to Energy Plant, they wanted 400 Tonnes (Atleast 300 tonnes) on daily basis. In this way, many independent projects by Local bodies often fail to take off due to lack of critical mass for starting a project due to the scattered effect of waste.In many states, wastes are only concentrated in key cities. Take WB, almost 45% its total waste is from one single city- Kolkatta alone. Therefore it makes more sense for any proper centralized facility.3. Prosperous lifestyleThe bigger issue is Kerala as whole is a very prosperous state and one of the most powerful consumer state in whole. Kerala often find itself in top position when comes to Per Capita Consumption index as well as Purchasing Power Parity index. This means Malayalees spends a lot of money for consumer items and durables apart from food. This consumption is never one or two city centric activity, rather a pan Kerala activity. In many states, prosperity as a term is associated with one or two cities. Prosperous villages are very rare and villages are mostly associated with poverty and low consumption. Thats very low in Kerala (Kerala ranks in the lowest Multi Dimensional Poverty index, which means it has very low or miniscule people living under poverty)Multi-dimensation Poverty Index that ranks Kerala in the lowestWhen you have more consumption, you have more waste. When you buy a Colgate Paste or Surf Excel washing powder or even a packet of Milk, you have plastic generated. This happens in every nook and corner of Kerala, not just in cities. Just for example, 80% of milk consumers in Kerala use only packed milk, whereas in many states of India, say Gujarat (the biggest Milk producing state) more than 63% of its public buy loose milk from milkman/vendors. So naturally you don’t have that much plastic generated.Where these plastic be treated? If its in one city, we can devise a city centric solution. In Kerala, it has to be state wide. Lifestyle of Malayalee don’t differ much whether it is a major city like Kochi or a small village like Kondotty due to uniform consumption culture.Total waste produced across Kerala…. Its clear, more waste happens in panchayats or villages in KeralaSo every panchayat, every municipality and every corporation has to work in different ways, rather one city working in one standard waste management solution.4. Sudden UrbanizationKerala’s urbanization has an unique context. It wasn’t a case of progressive growth of Urbanization. Rather it was all of sudden.If someone who travelled in Kerala in 80s or even early 90s, Kerala wasn’t an urbanized state all. You have many small villages, few cities etc. Majority of people lived in rural areas The Urbanization rate of Kerala as per 1991 census was less than 16%..I still remember, how Edapally in Kochi was a small village even in 1998 when my school bus used to pass thro’ that area. Today it is the most happening place in Kochi with all kinds of urban eco-system.A comparative video how a small village/town of Parumala near Thiruvalla was 30 years. Thiruvalla is still a tier 3 town, yet one can see how such a small town radically changed in less than 30 years gap.In matter of 30 years, particularly last 2 decades, the speed at which urbanization happened was beyond any normal speed. In 2001 Census, Kerala Urbanization rate was at 25.9% while in 2011 census, it increased to 47.7% even growing faster than Maharashtra. As per 2011 census, Kerala ranks second most urbanized state after TN.Screenshot of Govt of India- MOHUA’s website where they say how Kerala experienced an unusual urbanization leap in matter of a decade.TN, Maharashtra were in urbanizing curve for a pretty long time, thanks to its manufacturing base and many cities emerging as part of this. But Kerala joined this race all of the sudden from no where and without any big manufacturing industries.The sudden urbanization put the scale beyond any planning or organizing urban space. Many villages overnight became cities, more people started living there and its administrators who were traditionally with a Panchayat mindset suddenly found themselves managing a Municipality with no expertise or idea about it.Just for example, take Thrikkakara. It was always a small remote village with one small temple there. In gap of 20 years, that Trikkakara became a major city and eventually absorbed into Kochi’s identity as Kochi’s new quarter. Just because one Infopark came in 2005 period, in matter of a decade, it became a major town and municipality, leaving no gap for its administrators to plan for anything. As a result, Thrikkakara donot have an efficient waste management system, despite of Kochi’s waste management plant- Brahmapuram is officially located there (Thrikkkara recently joined itself with Greater Kochi and hence now using Brahmapuram plant)This sudden and fast urbanization played a key role in not allowing many towns and cities to have any form of waste management mechanism.5. Individualistic cultureI often feel, this is one key issue that waste management issue in Kerala is always aggravated. Malayalees society is more or less individualistic in nature. The concept of community living is never a big thing in Kerala.In TN, there were various forms of community living for centuries. The Brahmins lived in Agraharams where one wall of their house shares neighbor’s wall with common verandah etc. So as if in any traditional villages, houses were so close by. This is same in most parts of India. When you live so close by, when you have your house’s door opening close to your neighbour’s, automatically you have a community sense. Its unlikely to dump your home’s waste in front of your neighbour’s in such context, how much lack of space you have. I have learnt that during my Gujarat days where my open small Apartment’s door opens next to my neighbour’s and we had to live adjusting each other.In Kerala’s traditional concepts, we are accustomed living independently in a house. The basic Malayalee housing concept is having a House in middle of a large plot, completely detached from neighboring houses. In olden rural areas, the distance could even be 10–20 cents of land away or in some cases even in acres away…Naturally culturally we aren’t trained to be sensitized for neighbourhood or community lifestyle. We keep our houses and premises clean, least bothered how our neighbour’s would be. This attitude has resulted Malayalees spending hours to clean up one’s house as well as maintain highest degree of personal hygiene, but throw the waste of home outside one’s gate (thinking its out of one’s business) or even dumping secretly into neighbour’s plot or any open plots.Due to this attitude, we least care about cleanliness of road or public spaces, but too concern about cleanliness at home.In olden days, it was okay to throw waste outside one’s gate in public spaces. Most of the wastes were biodegradable (like Banana leaves with leftover food etc or some old cloths or even paper etc), that fastly decompose in Kerala’s tropical climate. But as time passed, with lot of non biodegradable objects like Plastic or similar as well as those biodegredable waste packed inside non-biodegradable like plastic etc, would simply affect the society and environment. To hide, many simply throw in water bodies etc, which again causes more damage.I feel, this attitude is primarily because of Individualistic culture of thinking only self and one’s own premises rather than society beyond the gates of one’s homes.6. Poor fundingCentralized waste management is a costly affair and any Local body (Panchayats or Municipalities or Corporation) needs huge money to maintain such. They have very little. The small size of Panchayats or Municipalities often leads to less revenue scope and within these limited revenues, its too hard for Local bodies to spend huge sum for Land acquisition and establishing plants as well as procurement mechanisms. There are many problems too. Some corporations or municipalities haven’t been redefined as to today’s context. For example, the state’s biggest Metro- Kochi, still has a corporation as defined in 1967, which means 2/3rd of real Kochi is outside Cochin Corporation. Now how Cochin Corporation procure land outside its corporation limits in some other Municipality and dump wastes there.With very limited revenue, they all have to depend State govt. In short, State will be forced to find waste management solutions, not just for some 5 or 10 cities, rather more than 1200 Local bodies spread across the state. Such wide scale Waste management mechanism is unheard anywhere in India and never beyond any state’s ability or competence.And ofcourse- not ignoring the basic level of corruption and Sarkari inefficiency that always exists in any these casesHow can we improveKerala is an unique case. We cannot work using Indore’s strategy or Mysore’s strategy. Our case is very different from those places. Kerala as such is emerging as ONE CITY spread over nearly 650 Km of Length and nearly 50 Kms in breath… Thats alone 32,500 Sqkm, nearly size of Netherlands. Can we have one waste management solution for that huge size?No!!!!Kerala’s solution to waste management lies in purely decentralized waste management techniques, specific to each area and its locality. It never works with one Corporation or Municipality employing several workers and cleaning roads or dumping all in one central plant for processing.Rather we need to work asChange in attitudeThe first step required is change in attitudes, especially unlearning two key beliefs- a) Waste management is one’s own responsibility b) Govt is no longer the key entity to process your wasteIts a huge change of traditional belief, but for a state like Kerala, we cannot dependent on Govt to process entire wasteMore public collectives have to form to process waste at their homes itself. The biggest change required is imbibing the concept of Segregation of waste at source. In general, we Indians never imbibed such a concept anytime, though its slowly started. If we buy a food packet from restaurant, the food waste must be dumped in one box, the plastic can in another and the tin/metal/paper waste in another. We never accustomed to such, but it must be learned, so that some parts of the waste could be decomposed at home itself like food waste (thro’ scientific methods like compost pit or bio gas plant etc), some like metal/paper wastes be recycled and only plastic waste being taken by some agency.The concept of segregation of waste at source needs lot of time to imbibe. Its not as easy as building one central waste plant and clearners/sweepers coming to take waste in their machines and go. It needs a whole lifestyle and cultural notions change. So its indeed time consuming2. DecentralizationFor a state like Kerala, centralized waste plants is near impossible. We too love Indore or Mysore styled large plants, but we need to realize, our terrain and ecosystem is radically different. One concept for all will never work for a country like ours.We need to get into our reality and work accordingly. Decentralized waste management is the only way forward. This needs to work even at ward level or neighbourhood level waste plants. Probably at home plants may not work for all, as many might be living in small plots and have no space to install a bio gas unit etc. In such cases, community plants must come up and community must work togetherSo as community level of collection of waste and safe disposal of it must be worked out.One best example of this model (which won UN’s appreciation and selected as one of the most sustainable examples to be adopted around the world) was Alappuzha model. Its the most heavily decentralized, people run waste management systemAlleppey being a city surrounded by water with more than 104 canal systems and backwaters all around (its often called Venice of East), the waste dumping in canals in past resulted the city being in news for any water borne dieases on a regular basis. The centralized plant no more could take more load, so in matter of 5 years, the decentralized model came in and it became a huge inspiring success.This is the model applicable for entire Kerala, not any larger plant.3. Reduction in wasteFor a highly consumer society like Kerala, that too pan spread across the state with no difference between Urban and Rural areas when comes to consumption, its bound to generate more waste in all areas. The solution is reduction of wastable products.The biggest concern is Non-Biodegradable waste like Plastic etc. In Kerala, with advent of widespread supermarket culture, we normally buy everything in packed form, which means you end lot of plastic bottles, packets, covers etc. This can be reduced thro’ popularizing concept of Loose products that sold in paper bags or bottles or utensils brought from home.There has been an attempt recently in a small town of Kolenchery in Ernakulam district where a No-Plastic store called Green store has been opened where everything including branded products are sold in loose where customers buy either bringing own bottles, utensils from home OR paying those extra at the storeLikewise there can be multiple initatives to reduce waste. Kerala lags in recycling waste which is simply because of lack of awareness.One attempt which is somewhat successful is use of Plastic waste for road construction. Many Panchayats and Municipalities started this method to increase durability of roadsKerala Uses 9,700 Tonnes of Plastic Waste to Pave 246 Km of Roads, Help Local Women.So as re-use of old materials in construction etc. For example, Kochi Metro announced its intention to adopt Circular economy where they will procure used or old materials used in houses to be demolished etc which will be part of a larger scale metro works to avoid wastageKochi Metro to adopt circular economy for sustainable developmentThese kind of sustainable practices must happen at larger scale.4. Education, training and campaignIn a centralized system, there is no much scope to train public. Public puts their waste in their waste bins or community waste bins where cleaners or cleaning company will come, pick the waste and go.But in a decentralized system, the focus must be on public understanding on seriouness of waste management problem. This is one reason any waste redressal problem takes time in Kerala, as lot of campaign time is require to teach about segregation of waste at source as well as use of effective methods at home like bio plants or Compost pit etc.I wish to see waste management being brought as an educational subject in schools so that upcoming generation be trained in that. Further more NGOs is required to funded and sensitized for campaign and re-education purposes.5. FundingOne of the biggest problem is that, waste management is responsibility of Local bodies and they are the lowest tier in governance. When funds trickle down from center, these local bodies get the lowest and with that pittance, they are asked to manage these things. State govt has to increase more funding for waste management programs of Local bodies.But there is also another concern. Central Funds to most of the waste management schemes or similar schemes are associated with its parameters which are unfit for Kerala context. There are lot of central funds available to construct large centralized waste plants in the cities, but in Kerala context, we are unable to procure it because larger plants cannot happen due to public opposition. And practically there is no much funds of decentralized projects. There is no central subsidy or funds available to develop compost pits or pipe composts etc. There is central subsidy available for larger Bio gas plants, but these funds are specifically tied with farms and people who own cattle etc as in Central concept, its associated with farmers, not urban dwellers. In urban settings, the subsidy is too low or negligible for middle class segments. As a result, not much benefits comes to public.The govt of India should realize One-size-shoe will not fit all. It needs to have flexibility in its schemes rather than asking states like Kerala to implement Mysore or Indore model.Saying so, we are on course of improving on this and hopefully we can strive for much cleaner and neater Kerala with scientific Waste Management techniquesWorld Bank to provide Rs 1,470 aid for Kerala's Waste Management Projecthttps://ppri.org.in/wp-content/uploads/2018/05/PPRI-Working-Paper-Decentralized-Waste-Management-in-Kerala.pdfMaking Money From Plastic Waste? Kerala Village Sets Bar, Shows How It Can Be Done!Waste Management in Kerala: Government charting new courseTen zero-waste cities: How Thiruvananthapuram cleaned up its actHow Kerala's 'Zero-Waste' Alappuzha Won a Spot Among Top 5 Cities in UN ListWhy states are lining up to study Alappuzha’s model waste management systemTime for new lessons in waste managementHe spent three months with ragpickers. Now he owns a Rs 3.8 crore waste management firm