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Kakatiya’s Claimed OriginsAccording to a historian named Cynthia Talbot, the Kakatiyas traced their lineage to a chieftain/ruler by the name of Durjaya, though not much else is known about this said chief. In fact, Raja Ganapatideva issued an inscription (the Motupalli Inscription) saying that even the Ayodhya Ikshvaku Dynasty and Lord Rama belong to the Durjaya Clan, though in all likelihood this was an inaccurate statement to add glory and divinity to the Durjaya Clan.Kakatiya’s Religious OriginsThe early Kakatiyas were likely Jains, as attested by Historian P.V Parabrahma Sastry in the following text:Source: The Kākatiyas of Warangal[1][1][1][1]This is not really that surprising as around the turn of the Common Era, both Buddhism and Jainism were firmly established in many parts of India. The Andhra Ikshvaku Dynasty’s royal family, for example, promoted Buddhism and financially supported Buddhist monasteries in Andhra during the 3rd-4th CE. The Rashtrakutas, for whom the Kakatiyas likely served as Military Generals and Commanders, heavily patronized Jainism, so this may have been an influencing factor to make the early Kakatiyas to practice Jainism.Kakatiya Family History:A Kakatiya Chief by the name of Venna is the earliest known individual of the Kakatiya family. This attested by Historian Penta Sivunnaidu in the following text:Source: Kākati Ganapatideva and His Times, A.D. 1199-1262[2][2][2][2]Moreover, the Bayyaram Inscription, which is located in present-day eastern Telangana near Khammam, was issued by Mailamba, who was the sister of Raja Ganapatideva of the Kakatiya Empire. In that inscription, the following genealogy is given for the Kakatiya Royal Family:Source: The Kākatiyas of Warangal and Wikipedia ImagesThe Bayyaram Inscription matches almost perfectly, except one name, with the Mangallu Inscription, which was issued much earlier by a Kakatiya family member named Gundyana, who was likely a Rashtrakuta General. This strongly indicates that the Bayyaram Inscription is an accurate genealogy of the Kakatiya Family.(Picture of the Bayyaram Inscription)Rashtrakuta and Chalukya Connection:The early recorded history of the Kakatiyas is closely attached to that of the Rashtrakuta Empire, where some Kakatiya family members served as Military Generals and Commanders. They were also chieftains of Hanumakonda, which is very close to Warangal. There is debate among historians on whether the Kakatiyas were actually part of the Rashtrakuta Royal Family, and this debate is fueled by the fact that the Kakatiyas attached the suffix “Rashtrakuta” to their names. However, the term “Rashtrakuta-kutumbinah” was also used to address generals, employees, and the people of the Rashtrakuta Empire in the Rashtrakuta inscriptions.Historian Cynthia Talbot describes the Kakatiyas as being chieftains around Warangal, whose earlier history is more clouded. She states that they became vassals of the Kalyani Chalukyas after the downfall of the Rashtrakutas. The following text attests to this:Source: Precolonial India In Practice; Society, Region, and Identity in Medieval Andhra [3][3][3][3]Finally, the Kakatiya Empire became independent of the declining Kalyani Chalukyas, and Prataparudra I became the first sovereign and independent monarch of the Kakatiya Empire.Image Sources: Google Images, unless specifiedFootnotes[1] The Kākatiyas of Warangal[1] The Kākatiyas of Warangal[1] The Kākatiyas of Warangal[1] The Kākatiyas of Warangal[2] Kākati Ganapatideva and His Times, A.D. 1199-1262[2] Kākati Ganapatideva and His Times, A.D. 1199-1262[2] Kākati Ganapatideva and His Times, A.D. 1199-1262[2] Kākati Ganapatideva and His Times, A.D. 1199-1262[3] https://www.google.com/books/edition/Precolonial_India_in_Practice/HSfoCwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0[3] https://www.google.com/books/edition/Precolonial_India_in_Practice/HSfoCwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0[3] https://www.google.com/books/edition/Precolonial_India_in_Practice/HSfoCwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0[3] https://www.google.com/books/edition/Precolonial_India_in_Practice/HSfoCwAAQBAJ?hl=en&gbpv=0

I for one is strong proponent of Govt. Services, especially in India where private parties can literally rob off “Uninformed Citizens” or many a times Rural people.HOWSOEVER.. coming to BSNL, with few exceptions, it is PERFECTLY ACCEPTABLE to PRIVATIZE BSNL and Company. Here are my reasons:INCAPABLE AGE-OLD Staff: Almost all the staff are around 50 or 55+, even the lineman and field engineers are above 50. Practically, they can’t do field work, it isn’t fair for a 55+ employee to climb a pole. And the other operating staff at Desk are VERY SLOW (typing with a finger!!!)LETHARGIC ATTITUDE: The officials never bother about repair or updating the broken lines.VERY POOR BB SPEED: I used to subscribe for 999 or 1199 plan i.e., Unlimited Data and upto 10 Mbps speed. In reality, The speed is the WORST it would hardly touch 2 Mbps, I don’t keep a count on data.Quite Insensitive towards the Customers’ requests - whether it is profitable or unprofitable, they wait for orders from the centre.HIGH NEPOTISM: any problems to a BSNL employee or his/her relative, it will be addressed VERY SOON. For Layman, GOD KNOWS WHEN IT WILL BE RESOLVED.LACK of CLEAR INSTRUCTIONS: for a new customer, there is a clause of “3 MONTHS of COMMITMENT” and the staff will never inform about the clause.BILLING: On termination, the advance money should come by post. Honestly, this will never arrive. Happened to me twice, still waiting for those checks!!Note: I’m very sure that my comments are not generalized ones, because I have personally experienced it TWO DIFFERENT places (one a METROPOLITAN and other a town DISTRICT HQ)The only reason I subscribed to BSNL (twice) even after the above hardships was - till now there is no alternative in our Town.Thanks to competition created by Reliance JIO and their internet services, as well as few other private vendors, we can JUMP TO OTHER service providers. Better SPEED, Better DEALS, Better Customer Service.As a PSU, BSNL would even heighten the IRRESPONSIBLENESS of its AGE-OLD staff. Eventually, the customers would find alternatives more attractive and JUMP out. Thus causing a big dent to the already “Loss-Making PSUs”.Actually I was a loyal BSNL customer for the past 6 years, last week I’ve disconnected BB connection. Now, I’m finding PEACE with a PRIVATE VENDOR.I’ll think of BSNL when it is privatized!! Bye-Bye BSNL.

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