Audit Your Position At Yale University: Fill & Download for Free

You can “negotiate” when you are a Graduate student.For example, a close friend of mine who graduated with me at MIT had lined up a few PhD positions at good universities and just needed to hammer out some details. Since he was used to the greater Boston area, he went and visited the research lab at Harvard that had admitted him. He liked everything, but in the end he said: “What you are offering me as a stipend towards living expenses seems very low”. The lab director looked at him and said: “What do you want, a great research experience or a great stipend?” My friend stood up, and said: “I want Both.” and then he went to New Haven and accepted the PhD offer from Yale.Of course, Harvard did not bite and offer him more, so you had better be prepared to stand up and walk out.For a undergraduate (especially as a freshman) you do Not negotiate, but you can discuss whether the college considered all of the Evidence that you had provided to them. As an undergraduate you are getting Financial Aid and at the elite private US universities that is totally associated with your Need that You and all of your parents must fully document using the FAFSA and the PROFILE forms. In the end, the college is Supposed to only require you to pay the Expected Family Contribution (EFC) that is calculated two different ways through the FAFSA and PROFILE systems used by the college.FAFSA - Free Application for Federal Student AidPROFILE: Apply for College Financial AidWhat some people have successfully been able to do, is, for example:Yale calculates your EFC as $30,000 per year and Cornell calculates it to be $38,000 per year. So, you take the financial aid form from Yale, and Drive to Ithaca (where you Really want to spend four years of your life) and sit down with the financial aid office and inquire why the 27% difference in the EFC, and did Cornell miss something in your FAFSA or PROFILE forms? It has been noted, that sometimes Cornell will cough up the extra money……. But that is merely an adjustment in the EFC to be consistent with another similar college and what they determined your EFC to be. It is not a negotiation. If you use the word Negotiate or Negotiation with a college financial aid office as an undergraduate, they will Throw You Out, and if you do not accept the admission offer, they will go to their wait list and find someone who will……As an undergrad it is all about the EFC which is heavily weighted by what the college believes that your parents can pay.NOTE: If your parents own a Small Business, most colleges believe that small businesses are where parents of college students Hide Money. Be armed with all sorts of Audit evidence.Enjoy the process. It is part of the educational experience.

The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints was so named in 1838. We would appreciate it greatly if everyone would get on board with the name we choose for ourselves rather than using a term that has its origin and some continued hints of mockery of our belief in a prophet named Mormon who wrote a book.That said, we build people.To help us build people, we spread the gospel of Jesus Christ.To spread the gospel of Jesus Christ we provide resources such as meetinghouses for Sunday worship and temples—which are sanctuaries set apart from the world for the performance of sacred ordinances such as eternal marriages.A meetinghouse is typically used by two or three congregations in an area heavily populated by members of the Church. They are built to similar plans in order to save money and improve efficiency of maintenance. See here: Architecture, Engineering & Construction Division, MFD, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day SaintsWe build smaller more flexible buildings in areas with few members, such as our building on Salt Spring Island off of Victoria Island in Canada.Our meetinghouses are used daily—for example, I teach a morning religious education class to high school juniors every morning at 6:15 AM in our meetinghouse here in Laie, Hawaii. It sits on land that is worth millions of dollars—we easily have over 10,000 meetinghouses and we lease facilities for other meetings. Some of these facilities aren’t cheap:There’s a meeting with our Church President Russell M. Nelson in the State Farm stadium in Phoenix—he’s on the jumbotron there if you look closely speaking to 65,000 assembled members. Not cheap, I imagine, to rent out the stadium.Our temples are considered offerings to God—holy places where heaven meets earth. They are built to a standard of construction unknown on the Earth to any other group and, yes, this costs money. But they are Holy places and no amount of effort is spared—the blessings returned to the people far exceed the sacrifices made to build them. Our temple in Salt Lake City consists of hand-carved granite blocks that were moved from Little Cottonwood canyon via oxcart. It took forty years to build.Here’s a more recent effort in San Diego, California:Not only are they expensive in time and material, but we are building temples in countries far from Utah. Here is the new temple in the Democratic Republic of the Congo:Any group of faithful members of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints will receive the blessing of a temple when they are prepared to staff it and use it appropriately.Anchorage, Alaska:The meetinghouses and temples are there to help us provide ordinances to our dead ancestors—we do the physical work that they cannot do in the spirit world given that they are now separated from their physical bodies until the resurrection. We do not believe that we are forcing anything upon them, but we make tremendous efforts to gather genealogical records and provide them to the world.Anyone who does family history profits from The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints http://familysearch.org libraries, family history centers and website resources. We have millions of pages of microfilmed records that preserved crumbling church registers and other official birth, death and marriage records from all over the world. We’ve been at this work for over 180 years now and now genetic researchers are profiting from that work. God knew what he was doing getting it all on microfilm because data on computers is very hard to make permanent—computers change so rapidly that your storage media have a short life. For example, vital Apollo Program data was almost lost forever but for an engineer who preserved computer tapes that no machine could read. We spend lots of our money on this effort to maintain and protect family history information and we keep those records absolutely secure in a vault:Of course, the temples, meetinghouses and records would be useless if we didn’t have members. So we field tens of thousands of missionaries around the world—67,000 as of the date I wrote this. They are trained in centers built all over the world. In fact, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has the best language training facilities on the Earth. It is said, only half in jest, that two groups of people are capable of learning the Finnish language—babies and missionaries of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.We just expanded the primary Missionary Training Center in Provo, UtahMissionaries are flying all over the world at Church expense, daily, as they move to and from their fields of labor. So many missionaries fly in and out of the Salt Lake City airport that the airport itself built a place to accommodate them: Salt Lake City Airport renovation to accommodate LDS missionaries, families, travelersThe Church has a system where it pays the expenses for missionaries without economic means to do so and where each family that can afford to pay is given a flat rate charge of $500 per month. This evens out the costs—back in the day when you paid whatever the mission required, some families were paying $50 a month for a missionary in South America and others $1,500 a month for a missionary in London, England. Now the Church handles all the costs from a gigantic fund and is able to spread the costs among those families with serving missionaries.As a father of nine, I am very thankful for this assistance. Missionaries need room and board, they often have a car—the Church must own and operate a couple hundred thousand Toyota Corollas—and it is self-insured. Imagine the cost of having inexperienced young men and women, often driving on the other side of the road than they were trained for. I served in Australia and it was tougher than you think to learn to shift gears with your left hand.Most people realize the multi-billion-dollar investments in our temples; however, there are over 400 mission headquarters, each of which has a home large enough to accommodate the mission president’s family and hold large meetings with missionaries who are arriving and leaving the mission—in our mission home we also had regular meetings where our mission president would teach people in his home. In some areas of the world, this home has to have serious security. In most developed nations, these homes were purchased well over 100 years ago and now find themselves inside the most desirable (and pricey) neighborhoods. Our Honolulu Mission President’s family resides for their three years in a home in Portlock—there’s an investment that just keeps growing.I suspect we spend a good deal on keeping our missionaries healthy—medical needs are covered by the Church for all its young missionaries as are costs of treating injuries, costs of mental health professionals (missionary work is emotionally difficult, constant rejection and you are taken from your home and your traditional strategies of coping with tough times and you must stay with a companion 24/7 that you may or may not find compatible). The Church covers any needs. A jet was procured and used to evacuate the 200 or so missionaries serving in Puerto Rico after the big hurricane. Jesus taught Peter that when money was necessary—it would be there. Jesus did this by having Peter cast his hook, catch a fish and then take a gold coin out of the fish’s mouth with which to pay the tax. Never worry that the Lord Jesus Christ doesn’t recognize the needs of His people, whether or not they are members of this Church.And when the world causes trouble for its people or our members, we are there with food and support. We maintain a vast network of farms and food processing centers and are able to feed our people and many others with Bishop’s Storehouses that are located near every congregation. A local leader can call upon those resources and many others.Here’s a typical Bishop’s Storehouse:Anything a family needs—meat, fresh produce, cooking essentials, cleaning and hygiene supplies—anything. No member of the Church goes hungry so long as the bishop knows about it. I was a bishop—I had dozens of men and women checking up on every one of the 300 members in my ward so that I could intervene with professional assistance if necessary at the Church’s expense. Because my ward was well over an hour’s drive from our Bishop’s Storehouse, when necessary, I could simply buy the food with Church funds at a local store and distribute it directly. (Under strict supervision and auditing, of course.)The Church food chain includes a network of farms. We own the world’s largest beef cattle operation in Florida, the Deseret Ranch. Deseret Ranches Of Florida We have our own brand and produce everything from soup to nuts. You can barely make out the “Deseret” brand at the top of the cans.So to those who claim we should be feeding the poor with our money—find me anyone who needs food and isn’t getting it and we’ll make an effort to reach them. The Church contributes heavily to other charities with proven records of low-overhead and successful delivery of food and services. See, e.g. LDS Charities Releases 2018 Annual ReportWe have also repurchased our historical sites—places where our ancestors were attacked and often killed by mobs. Here’s Nauvoo, Illinois where we not only rebuilt our temple but recreated the city itself and staff an attraction that has been visited by millions.We are scripturally bound to reclaim the lands of MIssouri that we once owned—but slowly and in the Lord’s time and under His direction:52 For, behold, verily I say unto you, the Lord willeth that the disciples and the children of men should open their hearts, even to purchase this whole region of country, as soon as time will permit.53 Behold, here is wisdom. Let them do this lest they receive none inheritance, save it be by the shedding of blood.54 And again, inasmuch as there is land obtained, let there be workmen sent forth of all kinds unto this land, to labor for the saints of God.55 Let all these things be done in order; and let the privileges of the lands be made known from time to time, by the bishop or the agent of the church.56 And let the work of the gathering be not in haste, nor by flight; but let it be done as it shall be counseled by the elders of the church at the conferences, according to the knowledge which they receive from time to time. Doctrine and Covenants 58We repurchased and continue to acquire lands in Nauvoo—a City built by our forebears.We repurchased and restored the Joseph Smith family farm and the nearby Hill Cumorah where Joseph Smith was led to the ancient record that became the Book of Mormon.We own the jail where Joseph Smith and his brother Hyrum Smith were martyredWe educate our members as well as feed them. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints has a huge educational system with a first-rate research University as the crown jewel. Its newest building—the Life Sciences building—alone has more square footage than the entire campus of Brigham Young University Hawaii, where I work. BYU College of Life Sciences - WikipediaBrigham Young University is widely recognized as among the great universities of the world, a top-rated value for the money because the Church heavily subsidizes tuition for its members. We even won the United States National College Football Championship in 1984 and field first-rate athletic teams that compete at the highest levels of collegiate sports. BYU No. 1 in new Wall Street Journal ranking of colleges 'worth the cost'I attended the Marriott School of Management and have an undergraduate in accounting—our School of Accounting at BYU is one of the top three in the nation. Accounting students land BYU another No. 1 rankingI attended the J. Reuben Clark School of Law at BYU and received a legal education that was the equal of any law school you could name. It’s founding dean, Rex Lee, was a United States Solicitor General who I believe is among the attorneys who have argued the most cases before the United States Supreme Court. BYU Law’s pipeline to the U.S. Supreme Court continuesBYU is staggeringly expensive to operate and maintain—top-rate professors do not come cheaply. But, the Church has learned that the more educated its members are, the more faithful and devoted they are—dollar for dollar, investment in education is the best dollars we spend in terms of the return we get. Five of my children, so far, have attended Brigham Young University.We have sister universities in Idaho and Hawaii. I work at BYU-Hawaii where the Church bought a significant chunk of Oahu in 1865 and presently runs the state’s number-one cash attraction, the Polynesian Cultural Center. www.polynesia.comI’m typing this answer right now inside the building at the lower right hand margin of this photograph—on a Saturday, i.e. my own time.BYU-Hawaii isn’t cheap, but we are educating young Church members from over 70 different countries and sending them back to build a strong middle-class in their communities in developing countries. The Church invests in its young people—that is why it continues. Its leaders know and appreciate the value of education.My accounting students work at the Polynesian Cultural Center in demanding and responsible positions dealing with millions of dollars of cash—they get amazing jobs and are welcomed by many graduate schools where they excel and bring honor to our school.BYU has study abroad centers all over the world. I attended our center in Jerusalem, Israel.Here’s the view from the auditorium—that is the Dome of the Rock shrine on the Temple Mount in the backgroundThe entire center is an amazing facility.My daughter attended BYU’s London Center in Kensington at 27 Palace Court:In addition to our universities, we maintain Institutes of Education adjacent to most Universities and colleges. There are a total of 324,537 students enrolled in these institutes of religion at present.Here is the one at Yale University:The Church itself has sixteen million members, about 400 missions, 11 missionary training centers, and 30,536 congregations. See, Statistics and Church Facts | Total Church MembershipWe also have a state-of-the-art publishing facility that prints, among other things, The Book of Mormon, which is currently printed in over 90 languages and which reached a total publication of 150 million volumes in 2011.We will give you a copy for free: The Book of Mormon brings you closer to Jesus. | ComeUntoChrist.orgWe also print the Bible and other scriptures and there is a regular monthly periodical available in many languages—all of which are supplemented by an amazing website and mobile apps. Our former president Gordon B. Hinckley prophetically understood the value of the internet and we are all over the internet with advertising and resources for Church members. www.churchofjesuschrist.orgWe have a state-of-the-art media production facility and team that produce amazing work. Recently, the Church funded a series of video representations of the New Testament. Watch Scenes from the BibleHere’s my favorite one:Peter and John Heal a Man Crippled Since BirthObviously, an operation the size of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints needs a headquarters and has thousands of employees who make their careers working to administer and run the Church’s operations—myself, for example, here at BYU-Hawaii:One of the office buildings above and our Administration Building below:A facility fit to receive Presidents and world leaders who come to pay respects:We have a new Church History library that provides resources to researchers, even our critics, regarding our historical records. It is all out there and public. See, The Joseph Smith Papers: A comprehensive digital collection of the papers of Joseph SmithThis is the library, Utah State Capital dome visible in background.Finally, we have our humanitarian projects. We have facilities with the materials necessary to clean up after disasters. Governments have studied our supply chain. We can field tens of thousands of workers within hours and we can equip them with generators, lighting, chainsaws, tools, cold storage, food—we can turn any of our meetinghouses into a shelter capable of housing hundreds temporarily in the case of natural disasters.We are widely recognized for expertise in this area and are usually the first on the ground with aid.Mormon humanitarian donations quadruple in response to disastersNews excerpts:The church provided mattresses, shelter, food and water in Sierra Leone and food and emergency items in Nepal during August and September.In response to hurricanes, it has shipped about 90 truckloads of food, water, clothing and other relief supplies to Texas and Florida and more than 40 ocean containers of food, water, building materials, hygiene kits and cleaning supplies to Caribbean islands. Two planes each delivered 80,000 pounds of food, water and tarps to Puerto Rico.The church sent nearly 15,000 food boxes and hundreds of hygiene kits and tents to Mexico to support government relief efforts. Mormon Helping Hands also provided thousands of hours of volunteer work.In recent years, the church has provided annual reports about its emergency response efforts.In 2016, the church provided aid to 119 emergency response projects in 49 countries.In 2015, it responded to 177 emergency situations in 56 countries.In 2014, the church helped people amid 132 disasters in 60 countries.Those numbers are an incomplete picture of the church's overall efforts. For example, in 2016, LDS Charities worked on 488 refugee aid projects in 54 countries, according to its annual report.And, we fund all of this from the income.We reinvest a large portion of our income every year.We have built up a reserve that allows us to provide services in perpetuity, that means forever. We don’t believe in just giving out money—one and done cannot solve the problems the world faces.So we are slowly increasing our outreach as our investments grow in their ability to fund the mission of the Church. The Mormon Church Amassed $100 Billion. It Was the Best-Kept Secret in the Investment World.Those who criticize the Church for investing its money simply fail to understand the power of relying solely upon the income or interest from investments. This means that the resources will always be there. We are not at the mercy of economic cycles.By not overspending our resources and maintaining steady growth, the Church of Jesus Christ will be able to fulfill its prophesied mission of filling the earth:44 And in the days of these kings shall the God of heaven set up a kingdom, which shall never be destroyed: and the kingdom shall not be left to other people, but it shall break in pieces and consume all these kingdoms, and it shall stand for ever.45 Forasmuch as thou sawest that the stone was cut out of the mountain without hands, and that it brake in pieces the iron, the brass, the clay, the silver, and the gold; the great God hath made known to the king what shall come to pass hereafter: and the dream is certain, and the interpretation thereof sure.Daniel 2Come and see. Meetinghouse Locator | LDS Maps You are welcome to visit our Sunday meetings. You will feel most comfortable in “Sunday-Best” dress, i.e. dresses for women and white shirts with tie for men; however, we are happy to host you as you come, so long as your manner of dress is not outright disrespectful to a Church service.Come and serve with us. Help us build people by bringing the message of Christ to the world. The best information you can receive about the Church will come from your own personal observations of its members and practices.JustServe

Without constant means, most people will not have constant hearts and, lacking constant hearts, will go astray, fall into excess, and become desperate. Punishing them after they have broken the law is setting a trap for the people. So the government must take responsibility for both their material and moral wellbeing. The people’s interests must always come first; the rulers’ interests come last. Mencius⁠1.Though the concept of financial justice has been integral to Chinese thought for millennia it was Mao who first made it a national policy and Xi Jinping who made it the goal of the 2049 centennial. If it reaches that target, China will have accomplished the most complete economic transformation in world history–and the fastest. Great Britain took almost two centuries to double per capital industrial output, the US took fifty-three years, and China takes just twelve.Nor is this a recent phenomenon. In the midst of agrarian, industrial, and cultural revolutions, Mao grew the economy 6.3 percent (twice America’s rate⁠2), and increased productive capital stock⁠3 by nine percent annually for twenty-five years, an unequalled record. Then, in 1978, a new leader seemed to abandon Mao’s principles and forced capitalism on a society traditionally suspicious of it. Why?Planners told Deng⁠4 Xiaoping that, by maintaining 6.3 percent annual growth, China would remain vulnerable to foreign attack until 2040 but, by adding capitalism to the economic mix, it could be invulnerable by 2020. Willing to trade socialist principles for safety, Deng told the United Nations, “Unless we develop, China will be bullied. For us, development is the only hard truth.” Acknowledging that this would create great inequality among his countrymen, he told⁠5 told them, “We should allow some regions and people to get rich first and gradually push for common prosperity later.” Since ‘later’ will begin in 2021, this is an appropriate opportunity to examine how we got here.Following Deng’s announcement, Western governments lifted their embargoes. Corporate profits soared as CEOs shuttered corporate labs, transferred jobs and knowhow to China, and lobbied for legislation that would place them beyond the reach of national tax authorities, weaken domestic regulations, reduce taxes, and privatize potentially profitable social services. By underinvested in productivity during slumps and over-invested during booms, corporations created a series of bubbles and recessions, while governments borrowed to replace lost taxes, slashed R&D, and de-funded national laboratories. Employment stalled, wages stagnated, infrastructure decayed, and educational attainment, social trust, and social cohesion declined.China headed in the opposite direction. Invited to lecture China’s planners, Nobel economists James Tobin and Milton Friedman explained America’s early investment in free universities, research, and infrastructure and the technocrats liked what they heard.Instead withdrawing from the market, Beijing decided to retain macro-control of the economy by balancing long-term investment and consumption, setting international terms of trade, controlling inputs like energy and commodities, and regulating the cost and supply of labor, capital, land and raw materials. Using surpluses from rural areas to fund the industrialization that accumulated capital stock, they grew the economy by ten percent and capital stock by eleven percent annually. They doubled real wages every decade by increasing productivity, lowering the cost of living through investment, and organizing resources so as to make the whole greater than the sum of its parts. Infrastructure lowered living costs through urbanization and distribution, increasing consumption and raising equality and, thanks to the network⁠6 effect, the more infrastructure they built, the greater the benefit.They understood that maximizing corporate profits does not create an optimal economy and followed the advice of another famous economist, John Maynard Keynes⁠7, “I expect to see the State, which is in a position to calculate the marginal efficiency of capital goods on long views and on the basis of general social advantage, taking ever greater responsibility for directly organizing investment.” For forty years, they organized more national investment than the rest of the world combined while, says Nicholas Lardy⁠8, “China achieved extraordinarily rapid economic growth after 1978 primarily because market forces came to play an ever larger role in resource allocation.” In some instances, they created natural monopolies for social benefit rather than financial gain. In others, they used cross-subsidies. Elsewhere, they produced fiercely competitive markets, like the automotive sector, where excess returns⁠9 are almost zero.Public debate was fierce. Wu Jinglian, persecuted during the Cultural Revolution for advocating ‘compensation according to work’ and later a visiting professor at Yale whom the media dubbed ‘Market Wu,’ was accused of being an American spy when he publicly charged central planning advocates with seeking payoffs. He campaigned for membership in the World Trade Organization and then, distressed by the resultant crony capitalism and inequality, championed social justice and millions bought his book, China's Growth Model Choices. Millions more watched⁠10 economist Zhang Weiying label China’s industrial policies ‘reworked Soviet planning’ and former World Bank Chief Economist Justin Yifu Lin⁠11 defend them, “Only when the market and the government play their respective roles can technological innovation and industrial upgrading proceed smoothly.”WTO data consistently showed manufacturers taking global market share and lowering prices, making manufactured goods available to more people and raising living standards globally. Growth remained steady for forty years, productivity and wages doubled every decade, inflation stayed low, tax revenues skyrocketed.Beijing’s visible hand conducts the orchestra, says economist Pierre Landry⁠12, “Central reformers direct and local state agents improvise. It is this paradoxical mixture of top-down direction and bottom-up improvisation that lays the foundation for the coevolutionary processes of radical change… One would expect the PRC to be one of the most centralized countries. Instead, Central government intervenes through goals, grants, praise, and promotions and China's observed level of decentralization is consistent with the behavior of a federal democracy. An IMF study found that, in 1972-2000, this figure averaged twenty-five percent for liberal democracies and eighteen percent for non-democracies. But for China the average figure was fifty-four percent for 1958-2002 and, by 2014, had risen to a staggering 85 percent.”By providing strategic direction, organizational integration, and funding for ambitious developments, planners encourage local governments to solve social and economic problems through Trial Spots. In the 1980s Yiwu, a sleepy town in Zhejiang Province, started an ‘International Trade Trial Spot’ and soon became the world center for small commodities like stuffed animals. Encouraged by Yiwu’s success, townships ran Trial Spots on smart towns; schools run Trial Spots on academic quality; labor unions run labor rights Trial Spots; state-owned enterprises trial cash and stock compensation plans; China Customs has trade facilitation Trial Spots at border crossings; and maverick officials try wild ideas knowing that damage will be contained and successes replicated (it helps that ninety percent of top CEOs are Party members⁠13). Congresspeople visit, inspect, and audit Trial Spot statistics and cashflows, calculate budgetary impacts, and debate their scalability, national repercussions and political viability.At the micro level, entrepreneurs incorporate fourteen thousand new businesses every day and file their licenses, tax registration certificates, organization code certificates, social insurance and statistical registration in one visit. State-sponsored business incubators provide them with legal advice, rent-free space, finance, lab access, prototyping equipment, and management guidance.The national investment portfolio includes twenty percent of the world’s most profitable⁠14 corporations, though some SOEs forego profitability for social benefit. So-called ‘zombies⁠15’ serve as labor sinks, absorbing, hiring and retraining millions of workers displaced by the closure of of polluting industrial plants or reductions in army manpower. Others import, process and distribute immense quantities of oil, natural gas, iron ore and alumina and, by absorbing commodity price spikes provide them to industry at predictably low prices. Says Justin Lin Yifu, “The invisible hand of the market cannot resolve problems connected to information asymmetry, negative externalities or coordination, so the government must play an active role…Both government and the market are partners in the economic dance.”This partnership makes the economy immune to Western-style, debt-fueled financial crises, partly because the financial system is state-owned and integrated with debt incurred by state-owned institutions, and partly because the debt finances productive investment rather than consumption. A US Federal Reserve study⁠16 suggested that high quality government debt actually creates surplus capital.Here we must pause to acknowledge that the Chinese, with their uniformly Confucian upbringing that stresses collective rationality over individual rationality, are more oriented towards duty fulfillment than we Westerners, who are adapted towards claiming our rights⁠17. Though they may lament a policy’s negative consequences (like relocating) for themselves, they are more willing to accept the need for personal sacrifice for the common good and place a great trust in public authorities. They have much higher respect for recognized authorities and experts, too, and more reluctant to publicly express critical opinions that differ from theirs.These characteristics meet another of J. M. Keynes⁠18 criteria for collective action, “Planning should take place in a community in which as many people as possible, both leaders and followers, wholly share your own moral position. Moderate planning will be safe if those carrying it out are rightly orientated in their minds and hearts to the moral issue.”________________________________________________________________1 Mencius, Confucius’ principle disciple, was born a century after the Master’s death.2 The Enigma of China’s Growth. Zhiming Long and Rémy Herrera. Monthly Review, Dec 1, 20183 Productive capital stock measures the capital services provided by the capital stock like machinery, tools, industrial buildings, dams and railroads.4 Speech By Chairman of the Delegation of the People’s Republic of China, Teng Hsiao-Ping, At the Special Session of the U.N. General Assembly. April, 10, 1974, convened by Algeria to discuss Raw materials and Development.5 During his southern inspection tour in early 1992, Deng addressed common misgivings and confusions about China's reform and development.6 When a network effect is present, the value of a product or service increases according to the number of others using it–as we see with the Internet.7 The General Theory of Employment, Interest and Money (1935). Book 4, Chapter 12, Section 8, p. 1648 Economic Growth and Distribution in China . Cambridge University Press, 19789 The return earned by a stock above and the risk free rate of return–usually the return on short-term government treasury bills.10 Plan V. The Economist. Nov. 5, 201611 Demystifying the Chinese Economy. Justin Yifu Lin. Cambridge University Press12 Decentralized Authoritarianism in China. Pierre F Landry. Cambridge University Press.13 Beyond Ownership: State Capitalism and the Chinese Firm. Curtis Milhaupt, Wentong Zheng. Geo. L.J. 665, 671 (2015).,14 Top Five Banks Are in Asia. Financial News Asia, November 27, 2019. Forbes Global 500 201815 Companies with insufficient profits to cover interest payments and repeatedly refinance their loans:1,439 EU, 923 USA, 431 China. Nikkei.16 ”Is Government Spending a Free Lunch? -- Evidence from China.” Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis Working Paper. Xin Wang and Yi Wen. Macroeconomic Effects of Government Spending in China17 The pros and cons of Confucian values in transport infrastructure development in China Martin de Jong. Policy and Society 31 (2012) 13–2418 J.M. Keynes letter to Friedrich A. von Hayek, June 28, 1944. In the Friedrich Hayek Collection at the Hoover Institution, Stanford University.