Notice Of Transfer And Release Of Liability Texas: Fill & Download for Free

There’s always that time when you desire or need a change of car. Now that you’ve made up your mind and decided to get rid of your old car either by having it sold to a private buyer, recycling it or taken to the scrapyard, what happens to the license plate?This is a valid question especially if you’re looking to sell your car in any state in the USA.The rules and regulations regarding car registrations are different for each state which makes it a bit difficult when it comes to selling your car.You won’t want to go against the law now, would you? Exactly. Following the rules and regulations of your state will remove the risk of your license being suspended.If you’re selling the car yourself without involving a dealer, you’d need to know how to handle the license plate of your car correctly as there would be important information you’d need to have before starting or completing the process.Here’s a breakdown of how to correctly handle license plates When Selling your car in all 50 states…When Selling In Alabama, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. To transfer the title to a buyeryou’d need to sign the title over [except your car is older than 35 years], complete a bill of saleand pay the necessary fees.When Selling in Alaska, Do I Keep The License Plates?No, it stays with the car unless it’s personalized. To transfer the title to a buyeryou’d need to sign the titlerecord the mileage [if your car is less than 10 years]and complete the Notice of Vehicle Sale for Transfer located at the end of the title or here.When Selling In Arizona, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you remove the plates. To transfer the titlesign and notarize the titlemake sure the buyer completes the Title Registration Agreement and submit it with the signed, notarized title to the DMV within 15 daysand pay all fees.When Selling In California, Do I Keep The License Plates?No, it stays with the car unless it’s personalized. To transfer the titleyou’d need to sign the original car titlesubmit a Smog certification and a Notice of Transfer and Release of Liability Formand submit an odometer mileage for the carif your car is less than 10 years.When Selling In Colorado, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. You’re required to submit the Release of Liability Form within 5 days to the state’s DMV. To transfer the titledate and sign the titlecheck the emission requirements of the countyand get the bill of sale for the car ready.When Selling In Connecticut, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. To transfer the title to the buyer, you’d need to provide the bill of sale for the buyer and keep your copy. You can get yours to print from the state’s DMV online.When Selling In Delaware, Do I Keep The License Plates?No, it stays with the car. To transfer the title to the buyer:Complete the Assignment of Certificate of Title on the back of the car’s titletake the bill of sale from the title and take it to the DMVand give the title to the buyer [keep your copy].When Selling in the District of Columbia, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. To transfer the title to the buyer, you’d need to complete and deliver the title to the buyer within 4 days.When Selling In Florida, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. To transfer the title to the buyer, you’d need to complete and sign the title and also the odometer mileage of your car in the name of your buyer.When Selling In Georgia, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. To transfer the title to a buyer, you’d need to complete and sign the title and odometer mileage [except your car’s older than 10 years] in the name of your buyer and you should keep a copy too.When Selling In Hawaii, Do I Keep The License Plates?No, it stays with the car as the state’s DMV uses it to identify the car. To transfer the title to a buyer, you’d need to provide a Notice of Transfer, sign and date the title [adding the mileage] and provide the buyer with safety inspection title and title of the car.When Selling In Idaho, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. Within 30 days of the sale, you’d need to sign and give the title to the buyer in his/her name to transfer the title of ownership.When Selling In Illinois, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. Within 20 days of the sale, you’d need to complete and sign the title and provide a bill of sale plus a lien release for the buyer.When Selling In Indiana, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. Within 21 days of the sale, you’d need to complete and sign the title [including the odometer reading] and provide a lien purchase for the buyer.When Selling In Iowa, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. Within 30 days of the sale, you’d need to complete and sign the title, give the buyer a Damage Disclosure Statement and provide a bill of sale and odometer readings for the buyer. You’d also need to complete a Notice of Sale and Delivery of Title to the state’s county.When Selling In Kansas, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. To transfer the title to the buyer, you’d need tocomplete and sign the title including the lien purchase and Odometer Disclosure Statementand notify the state through the Seller’s Notification of Sale to remove your name from the database.When Selling In Kentucky, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you take the plates off the car. To transfer the title to a buyer, you’d need tocomplete and sign the titleandprovide a bill of sale for the buyer.When Selling In Louisiana, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you take the plates off the car and keep them only if they’re personalized. To transfer the title to a buyer, you’d need tocomplete, date and sign the title including the bill of saleprovide a lien purchase for the buyerand complete the online Notice of Transfer through the website.When Selling In Maine, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. To transfer the title to the buyer, you’d need tocomplete the title, bill of sale and a lien purchase to give to the buyer.When Selling In Maryland, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. To transfer the title to the buyer, you’d need tocomplete the title with the buyer and include an Odometer Disclosure Statementand complete the Notice of Security Filing for the buyer to prove there are no liens.When Selling In Massachusetts, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates although you’ve got just seven days to transfer to another car or handover to the state’s DMV. To transfer the title to the buyer, you’d need tocomplete the title and get a lien release to transfer to the buyer.If there’s no title, get a bill of sale for the buyer.When Selling In Michigan, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates but you can leave it on the car if you’re selling to a family member. To transfer the title to the buyer, you’d need tocomplete the title including the mileage and your signatureand give the buyer a lien release if the title isn’t clear.The state’s SOS office requires you and the buyer to appear at the same time.When Selling In Minnesota, Do I Keep The License Plates?No, it stays with the car unless the plates are personalized then you can have it transferred to your new car through the state’s DMV. To transfer the title, you’d need tocomplete the title, odometer reading, and damage disclosure [if the car is less than six years].When Selling In Mississippi, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you remove the plates but can’t transfer it to a new car. To transfer the title, you’d need tocomplete the title and if not enough space, give a bill of sale to the buyer.If selling to a family member, complete an Affidavit of Relationship.When Selling In Missouri, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, keep the plates. You can transfer to a new car through the state’s DMV. To transfer the title, you’d need tocomplete the necessary fields on the titleprovide a lien release and certificate of safety testing for the buyer.When Selling In Montana, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you can keep your plates. Within 20 days of the sale, you’d need tocomplete the title and get it notarized before giving to the buyerhave a bill of the sale completed and notarized with your signature and that of your buyer.Also, provide a lien release for the buyer.When Selling In Nebraska, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you remove the plates but can’t transfer to another car. You’d need to fill the title, give the buyer a lien release and complete the bill of sale with the buyer.When Selling In Nevada, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. After completing the necessary documents, notify the government for the transfer of the car through the Online Vehicle Resale Notification website.When Selling In New Hampshire, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you can keep the plates. You can transfer the title to the buyer by completing and signing the title.When Selling In New Jersey, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep your plates. To transfer the title to the buyer, you’d need to sign the title and provide the buyer with a lien release.When Selling In New Mexico, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. To transfer the title, complete the title and give the buyer a lien release.When Selling In New York, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. To transfer the title to a buyer, you’d need to complete the title, provide a lien release and bill of sale for the buyer and complete the Sale of Motor Vehicle form with the buyer.When Selling In North Carolina, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, keep the plates. You’d need to complete the title, provide the buyer with a lien release and complete the Odometer Disclosure Statement and Eligible Risk Statement for Registration and Certificate of Title for the buyer.When Selling In North Dakota, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, keep the plates. If your car is under 9 years old, you’d need to provide a Salvage Disclosure Statement for the buyer. To transfer the title. Give the buyer a lien release and complete the title.When Selling In Ohio, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. To transfer the title to the buyer, you’d need to complete and notarize the tile, allow the buyer to sign on the odometer reading and give him/her a lien release.When Selling In Oklahoma, Do I Keep The License Plates?You keep the plates. To transfer the title to the buyer, you’d need to complete the title and give the buyer a lien release plus any other required documents.When Selling In Oregon, Do I Keep The Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. To transfer title to the buyer, you’d need to sign over the title to the buyer and give the buyer a lien release.When Selling In Pennsylvania, Do I Keep The Plates?Yes, keep the plates. You’d need to complete and sign the title with the buyer at the state’s DMV.When Selling In Rhode Island, Do I Keep the Plates?Yes, keep the plates. You’d need to complete the title and provide the buyer with a bill of sale and lien of release.When Selling In South Carolina, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, keep the plates. You’d need to notify the state’s DMV with the Notice of Vehicle Sold form ## When Selling your car to a buyer.When Selling In South Dakota, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, keep the plates. To transfer the title to a buyer, you’d need to complete the title and provide the bill of sale and lien release for the buyer.When Selling In Tennessee, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, keep the plates. Complete the title, provide a bill of sale and lien release for the buyer.When Selling In Texas, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, keep the plates. To transfer the title to a buyer, you’d need to notify the state’s DMV, complete the title and give a lien purchase to the buyer.When Selling In Utah, Do I keep The License Plates?Yes, remove the plates. To transfer the title, you’d need to complete the title and provide a lien release for the buyer. Also, write to your state’s DMV to notify the change of ownership.When Selling In Vermont, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. You’d need to sign the title over, complete the bill of purchase and Odometer Disclosure Statement with the buyer and provide a lien release.When Selling In Virginia, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, you keep the plates. You’d need to sign over the title and give your buyer a lien release.When Selling In Washington, Do I keep The License Plates?Yes, keep the plates. You’d need to work with the buyer on completing the title, bill of sale and give him/her a lien release.When Selling In West Virginia, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, keep the plates. You’d need to complete the title and give the buyer a lien release.When Selling In Wisconsin, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, keep the plates. You’d need to complete the title and give the buyer a lien release.When Selling In Wyoming, Do I Keep The License Plates?Yes, keep the plates. You’d need to sign over the title, give them a lien release and an Affidavit of Ownership.If the paperwork is too much and time-consuming for you, then the best fastest alternative is to sell your car to us at SellMax, we require minimal paperwork, come to you to tow the car for free and leave you with a stack of cash. Sounds like music to your ears? Great! Get your guaranteed offer now.

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To cancel a purchase made with your Apple ID, go to Settings > iTunes & App Stores > [click on your Apple ID] > View Apple ID > Subscriptions, then find your OkCupid subscription and follow the instructions to cancel. You can also request assistance at Get Support. Similarly, if you subscribed on Google Play, cancellation is handled by Google. To cancel a purchase made through Google Play, launch the Google Play app on your mobile device and go to Menu > My Apps > Subscriptions, then find your OkCupid subscription and follow the instructions to cancel. You can also request assistance at Google Play. If you cancel a subscription, you may continue to use the cancelled service until the end of your then-current subscription term. The subscription will not be renewed when your then-current term expires.If you initiate a chargeback or otherwise reverse a payment made with your External Service Account, OkCupid may terminate your account immediately in its sole discretion, on the basis that you have determined that you do not want a OkCupid subscription. In the event that your chargeback or other payment reversal is overturned, please contact Customer Care. OkCupid will retain all funds charged to your External Service Account until you cancel your subscription through your External Service Account. Certain users may be entitled to request a refund. See Section 8d below for more information.8b. INTERNAL PURCHASES AND SUBSCRIPTIONSInternal Purchases, including subscriptions, are processed using the Payment Method you provide on the Website or App. Subscriptions automatically renew until you cancel.If you make an Internal Purchase, you agree to pay the prices displayed to you for the Services you’ve selected as well as any sales or similar taxes that may be imposed on your payments (and as may change from time to time), and you authorize OkCupid to charge the payment method you provide (your “Payment Method”). OkCupid may correct any billing errors or mistakes even if we have already requested or received payment. If you initiate a chargeback or otherwise reverse a payment made with your Payment Method, OkCupid may terminate your account immediately in its sole discretion, on the basis that you have determined that you do not want a OkCupid subscription. In the event that your chargeback or other payment reversal is overturned, please contact Customer Care.If your Internal Purchase includes an automatically renewing subscription, your Payment Method will continue to be periodically charged for the subscription until you cancel. After your initial subscription commitment period, and again after any subsequent subscription period, your subscription will automatically continue for the price and time period you agreed to when subscribing, until you cancel.To cancel a subscription, you can (1) log in to the Website and go to the Settings page, and then click on “Subscriptions”, and follow the instructions to downgrade; or (2) open the Android App and go to the Settings page, then click on Purchases and follow the instructions to downgrade. If you cancel a subscription, you may continue to use the cancelled service until the end of your then-current subscription term. The subscription will not be renewed when your then-current term expires.You may edit your Payment Method information by using the Settings tool. If a payment is not successfully processed, due to expiration, insufficient funds, or otherwise, you remain responsible for any uncollected amounts and authorize us to continue billing the Payment Method, as it may be updated. This may result in a change to your payment billing dates.In addition, you authorize us to obtain updated or replacement expiration dates and card numbers for your credit or debit card as provided by your credit or debit card issuer. The terms of your payment will be based on your Payment Method and may be determined by agreements between you and the financial institution, credit card issuer, or other provider of your chosen Payment Method. Certain users may be entitled to request a refund. See Section 8d below for more information.8c. VIRTUAL ITEMSVirtual items are non-refundable and subject to certain conditions.From time to time, you may have the opportunity purchase a limited, personal, non-transferable, non-sublicensable, revocable license to use or access special limited-use features such as “Boost” (“Virtual Item(s)”) from OkCupid. You may only purchase Virtual Items from us or our authorized partners through our Services. Virtual Items represent a limited license right governed by this Agreement, and, except as otherwise prohibited by applicable law, no title or ownership in or to Virtual Items is being transferred or assigned to you. This Agreement should not be construed as a sale of any rights in Virtual Items.Any Virtual Item balance shown in your account does not constitute a real-world balance or reflect any stored value, but instead constitutes a measurement of the extent of your license. Virtual Items do not incur fees for non-use; however, the license granted to you in Virtual Items will terminate in accordance with the terms of this Agreement, on the earlier of when OkCupid ceases providing our Services, or your account is otherwise closed or terminated.OkCupid, in its sole discretion, reserves the right to charge fees for the right to access or use Virtual Items and/or may distribute Virtual Items with or without charge. OkCupid may manage, regulate, control, modify, or eliminate Virtual Items at any time, including taking actions that may impact the perceived value or purchase price, if applicable, of any Virtual Items. OkCupid shall have no liability to you or any third party in the event that OkCupid exercises any such rights. The transfer of Virtual Items is prohibited, and you shall not sell, redeem, or otherwise transfer Virtual Items to any person or entity. Virtual Items may only be redeemed through our Services.ALL PURCHASES AND REDEMPTIONS OF VIRTUAL ITEMS MADE THROUGH OUR SERVICES ARE FINAL AND NON-REFUNDABLE. YOU ACKNOWLEDGE THAT OKCUPID IS NOT REQUIRED TO PROVIDE A REFUND FOR ANY REASON, AND THAT YOU WILL NOT RECEIVE MONEY OR OTHER COMPENSATION FOR UNUSED VIRTUAL ITEMS WHEN AN ACCOUNT IS CLOSED, WHETHER SUCH CLOSURE WAS VOLUNTARY OR INVOLUNTARY.8d. REFUNDSGenerally, all purchases are nonrefundable. Special terms apply in Arizona, California, Connecticut, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island, Wisconsin, and the EU or European Economic Area.Generally, all purchases are final and nonrefundable, and there are no refunds or credits for partially used periods, except if the laws applicable in your jurisdiction provide for refunds.For subscribers residing in the EU or European Economic Area:In accordance with local law, you are entitled to a full refund during the 14 days after the subscription begins. Please note that this 14-day period commences when the subscription starts.For subscribers residing in Arizona, California, Connecticut, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin:Your Right to Cancel—You may cancel your subscription, without penalty or obligation, at any time prior to midnight of the third business day following the date you subscribed. In the event that you die before the end of your subscription period, your estate shall be entitled to a refund of that portion of any payment you had made for your subscription which is allocable to the period after your death. In the event that you become disabled (such that you are unable to use our Services) before the end of your subscription period, you shall be entitled to a refund of that portion of any payment you had made for your subscription which is allocable to the period after your disability by providing the company notice in the same manner as you request a refund as described below.Purchases of Virtual Items are FINAL AND NON-REFUNDABLE.If any of the above apply to you and you subscribed using your Apple ID, your refund requests are handled by Apple, not OkCupid. To request a refund, please contact your External Service directly; for example using your Apple device, go to Settings > iTunes & App Stores > [click on your Apple ID] > View Apple ID > Purchase History. Find the transaction and select “Report a Problem.” You can also request a refund at Get Support. For any other purchase, please contact OkCupid Customer Service with your order number (see your confirmation email) by mailing or delivering a signed and dated notice which states that you, the buyer, are canceling this agreement, or words of similar effect. Please also include the email address or telephone number associated with your account along with your order number. This notice shall be sent to: OkCupid, Attn: Cancellations, P.O. Box 25472, Dallas, Texas 75225, USA (California and Ohio users may also email us by clicking here or send a facsimile to 214-853-4309).9. ACCOUNT TERMINATIONIf you no longer wish to use our Services, or if we terminate your account for any reason, here’s what you need to know.You can delete your account at any time by logging into the Website or App, going to “Settings”, and following the instructions to disable or delete your account. However, you will need to cancel / manage any External Service Purchases through your External Service Account (e.g., iTunes, Google Play) to avoid additional billing.OkCupid reserves the right to investigate and, if appropriate, suspend or terminate your account without a refund if you have violated these Terms, misused our Services, or behaved in a way that OkCupid regards as inappropriate or unlawful, on or off our Services. We reserve the right to make use of any personal, technological, legal, or other means available to enforce the Terms, at any time without liability and without the obligation to give you prior notice, including, but not limited to, preventing you from accessing the Services.If your account is terminated by you or by OkCupid for any reason, these Terms continue and remain enforceable between you and OkCupid, and you will not be entitled to any refund for purchases made. Your information will be maintained and deleted in accordance with our Privacy Policy.10. NO CRIMINAL BACKGROUND OR IDENTITY VERIFICATION CHECKSOkCupid does not conduct criminal background or identity verification checks on its users. Use your best judgment when interacting with others and check out our Safety Tips.YOU UNDERSTAND THAT OKCUPID DOES NOT CONDUCT CRIMINAL BACKGROUND OR IDENTITY VERIFICATION CHECKS ON ITS USERS OR OTHERWISE INQUIRE INTO THE BACKGROUND OF ITS USERS. OKCUPID MAKES NO REPRESENTATIONS OR WARRANTIES AS TO THE CONDUCT, IDENTITY, INTENTIONS, LEGITIMACY, OR VERACITY OF USERS. OKCUPID RESERVES THE RIGHT TO CONDUCT—AND YOU AUTHORIZE OKCUPID TO CONDUCT—ANY CRIMINAL BACKGROUND CHECK OR OTHER SCREENINGS (SUCH AS SEX OFFENDER REGISTER SEARCHES) AT ANY TIME USING AVAILABLE PUBLIC RECORDS, AND YOU AGREE THAT ANY INFORMATION YOU PROVIDE MAY BE USED FOR THAT PURPOSE. IF THE COMPANY DECIDES TO CONDUCT ANY SCREENING THROUGH A CONSUMER REPORTING AGENCY, YOU HEREBY AUTHORIZE THE COMPANY TO OBTAIN AND USE A CONSUMER REPORT ABOUT YOU TO DETERMINE YOUR ELIGIBILITY UNDER THESE TERMS.YOU ARE SOLELY RESPONSIBLE FOR YOUR INTERACTIONS WITH OTHER USERS. SEX OFFENDER SCREENINGS AND OTHER TOOLS DO NOT GUARANTEE YOUR SAFETY AND ARE NOT A SUBSTITUTE FOR FOLLOWING THE SAFETY TIPS AND OTHER SENSIBLE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS. ALWAYS USE YOUR BEST JUDGMENT AND TAKE APPROPRIATE SAFETY PRECAUTIONS WHEN COMMUNICATING WITH OR MEETING NEW PEOPLE. COMMUNICATIONS RECEIVED THROUGH THE SERVICE, INCLUDING AUTOMATIC NOTIFICATIONS SENT BY OKCUPID, MAY RESULT FROM USERS ENGAGING WITH THE SERVICE FOR IMPROPER PURPOSES, INCLUDING FRAUD, ABUSE, HARASSMENT, OR OTHER SUCH IMPROPER BEHAVIOR.Though OkCupid strives to encourage a respectful user experience, it is not responsible for the conduct of any user on or off the Service. You agree to use caution in all interactions with other users, particularly if you decide to communicate off the Service or meet in person.11. DISCLAIMEROkCupid’s Services are provided “as is” and we do not make, and cannot make, any representations about the content or features of our Services.OKCUPID PROVIDES OUR SERVICES ON AN “AS IS” AND “AS AVAILABLE” BASIS AND TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, GRANTS NO WARRANTIES OF ANY KIND, WHETHER EXPRESS, IMPLIED, STATUTORY OR OTHERWISE WITH RESPECT TO OUR SERVICES (INCLUDING ALL CONTENT CONTAINED THEREIN), INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, ANY IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF SATISFACTORY QUALITY, MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR NON-INFRINGEMENT. OKCUPID DOES NOT REPRESENT OR WARRANT THAT (A) OUR SERVICES WILL BE UNINTERRUPTED, SECURE, OR ERROR FREE, (B) ANY DEFECTS OR ERRORS IN OUR SERVICES WILL BE CORRECTED, OR (C) THAT ANY CONTENT OR INFORMATION YOU OBTAIN ON OR THROUGH OUR SERVICES WILL BE ACCURATE. FURTHERMORE, OKCUPID MAKES NO GUARANTEES AS TO THE NUMBER OF ACTIVE USERS AT ANY TIME; USERS’ ABILITY OR DESIRE TO COMMUNICATE WITH OR MEET YOU, OR THE ULTIMATE COMPATIBILITY WITH OR CONDUCT BY USERS YOU MEET THROUGH THE SERVICES.OKCUPID TAKES NO RESPONSIBILITY FOR ANY CONTENT THAT YOU OR ANOTHER USER OR THIRD PARTY POSTS, SENDS, OR RECEIVES THROUGH OUR SERVICES NOR DOES OKCUPID TAKE ANY RESPONSIBILITY FOR THE IDENTITY, INTENTIONS, LEGITIMACY, OR VERACITY OF ANY USERS WITH WHOM YOU MAY COMMUNICATION THROUGH OKCUPID. ANY MATERIAL DOWNLOADED OR OTHERWISE OBTAINED THROUGH THE USE OF OUR SERVICES IS ACCESSED AT YOUR OWN DISCRETION AND RISK. OKCUPID IS NOT RESPONSIBLE FOR ANY DAMAGE TO YOUR COMPUTER HARDWARE, COMPUTER SOFTWARE, OR OTHER EQUIPMENT OR TECHNOLOGY INCLUDING, BUT WITHOUT LIMITATION, DAMAGE FROM ANY SECURITY BREACH OR FROM ANY VIRUS, BUGS, TAMPERING, FRAUD, ERROR, OMISSION, INTERRUPTION, DEFECT, DELAY IN OPERATION OR TRANSMISSION, COMPUTER LINE OR NETWORK FAILURE, OR ANY OTHER TECHNICAL OR OTHER MALFUNCTION.12. DIGITAL MILLENNIUM COPYRIGHT ACTWe take copyright infringement very seriously. We ask you to help us to ensure we address it promptly and effectively.OkCupid has adopted the following policy towards copyright infringement in accordance with the Digital Millennium Copyright Act (the “DMCA”). If you believe any Member Content or Our Content infringes upon your intellectual property rights, please submit a notification alleging such infringement (“DMCA Takedown Notice”) including the following:A physical or electronic signature of a person authorized to act on behalf of the owner of an exclusive right that is allegedly infringed;Identification of the copyrighted work claimed to have been infringed, or, if multiple copyrighted works at a single online site are covered by a single notification, a representative list of such works;Identification of the material claimed to be infringing or to be the subject of infringing activity and that is to be removed or access disabled and information reasonably sufficient to permit the service provider to locate the material;Information reasonably sufficient to permit the service provider to contact you, such as an address, telephone number, and, if available, an electronic mail;A statement that you have a good faith belief that use of the material in the manner complained of is not authorized by the copyright owner, its agent, or the law; andA statement that, under penalty of perjury, the information in the notification is accurate and you are authorized to act on behalf of the owner of the exclusive right that is allegedly infringed.Any DMCA Takedown Notices should be sent to [email protected], by phone to 214-576-3272 or via mail to the following address: Copyright Compliance Department c/o Match Group Legal, 8750 N. Central Expressway, Dallas, Texas 75231.OkCupid will terminate the accounts of repeat infringers.13. ADS AND THIRD-PARTY CONTENTLike many subscription-based services, there are ads on our websites.Our Services may contain advertisements and promotions offered by third parties and links to other websites or resources. OkCupid may also provide non-commercial links or references to third parties within its content. OkCupid is not responsible for the availability (or lack of availability) of any external websites or resources or their content. Furthermore, OkCupid is not responsible for, and does not endorse, any products or services that may be offered by third-party websites or resources. If you choose to interact with the third parties made available through our Services, such party’s terms will govern their relationship with you. OkCupid is not responsible or liable for such third parties’ terms or actions.14. LIMITATION OF LIABILITYOkCupid’s liability is limited to the maximum extent by applicable law.TO THE FULLEST EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW, IN NO EVENT WILL OKCUPID, ITS AFFILIATES, EMPLOYEES, LICENSORS, OR SERVICE PROVIDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, CONSEQUENTIAL, EXEMPLARY, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL OR PUNITIVE DAMAGES, INCLUDING, WITHOUT LIMITATION, LOSS OF PROFITS, WHETHER INCURRED DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, OR ANY LOSS OF DATA, USE, GOODWILL, OR OTHER INTANGIBLE LOSSES, RESULTING FROM: (I) YOUR ACCESS TO OR USE OF OR INABILITY TO ACCESS OR USE THE SERVICES, (II) THE CONDUCT OR CONTENT OF OTHER USERS OR THIRD PARTIES ON, THROUGH, OR FOLLOWING USE OF THE SERVICES; OR (III) UNAUTHORIZED ACCESS, USE, OR ALTERATION OF YOUR CONTENT, EVEN IF OKCUPID HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. IN NO EVENT WILL OKCUPID’S AGGREGATE LIABILITY TO YOU FOR ALL CLAIMS RELATING TO THE SERVICES EXCEED THE AMOUNT PAID, IF ANY, BY YOU TO OKCUPID FOR THE SERVICES WHILE YOU HAVE AN ACCOUNT.THE LIMITATION OF LIABILITY PROVISIONS SET FORTH IN THIS SECTION 14 SHALL APPLY EVEN IF YOUR REMEDIES UNDER THIS AGREEMENT FAIL WITH RESPECT TO THEIR ESSENTIAL PURPOSE.SOME JURISDICTIONS DO NOT ALLOW THE EXCLUSION OR LIMITATION OF CERTAIN DAMAGES, SO SOME OR ALL OF THE EXCLUSIONS AND LIMITATIONS IN THIS SECTION MAY NOT APPLY TO YOU.15. DISPUTE RESOLUTIONIn the unlikely event that we have a legal dispute, here is what you need to know.If you are dissatisfied with our Services for any reason, please contact OkCupid Customer Service first so that we can try to resolve your concerns without the need of outside assistance. If you choose to pursue a claim against OkCupid, these terms will apply.15a. ARBITRATION, CLASS-ACTION WAIVER, AND JURY WAIVERIf you pursue a legal claim against OkCupid, you agree to arbitration (with limited exceptions).Except for users residing within the EU or European Economic Area, and where prohibited by law:The exclusive means of resolving any dispute or claim arising out of or relating to this Agreement (including any alleged breach thereof) or our Services shall be BINDING ARBITRATION administered by JAMS under the JAMS Streamlined Arbitration Rules & Procedures, except as modified by our Arbitration Procedures. The one exception to the exclusivity of arbitration is that either party has the right to bring an individual claim against the other in a small-claims court of competent jurisdiction, or, if filed in arbitration, the responding party may request that the dispute proceed in small claims court if the party’s claim is within the jurisdiction of the small claims court. If the responding party requests to proceed in small claims court before the appointment of the arbitrator, the arbitration shall be administratively closed, and if requested after the appointment of the arbitrator, the arbitrator shall determine if the dispute should be decided in arbitration or if the arbitration should be administratively closed and decided in small claims court. Whether you choose arbitration or small-claims court, you may not under any circumstances commence or maintain against the Company any class action, class arbitration, or other representative action or proceeding.By using our Services in any manner, you agree to the above arbitration agreement. In doing so, YOU GIVE UP YOUR RIGHT TO GO TO COURT to assert or defend any claims between you and the Company (except for matters that may be taken to small-claims court). YOU ALSO GIVE UP YOUR RIGHT TO PARTICIPATE IN A CLASS ACTION OR OTHER CLASS PROCEEDING. Your rights will be determined by a NEUTRAL ARBITRATOR, NOT A JUDGE OR JURY, and the arbitrator shall determine all issues regarding the arbitrability of the dispute. You are entitled to a fair hearing before the arbitrator. The arbitrator can grant any relief that a court can, but you should note that arbitration proceedings are usually simpler and more streamlined than trials and other judicial proceedings. Decisions by the arbitrator are enforceable in court and may be overturned by a court only for very limited reasons. For details on the arbitration process, see our Arbitration Procedures.Any proceeding to enforce this arbitration agreement, including any proceeding to confirm, modify, or vacate an arbitration award, may be commenced in any court of competent jurisdiction. In the event that this arbitration agreement is for any reason held to be unenforceable, any litigation against the Company (except for small-claims court actions) may be commenced only in the federal or state courts located in Dallas County, Texas. You hereby irrevocably consent to the jurisdiction of those courts for such purposes.The online dispute settlement platform of the European Commission is available under http://ec.europa.eu/odr. OkCupid does not take part in dispute settlement procedures in front of a consumer arbitration entity for users residing in the EU or European Economic Area.15b. GOVERNING LAWTexas law and the Federal Arbitration Act will apply if there is a dispute (except in the EU and where prohibited by law).Except for users residing in the EU or European Economic Area or elsewhere where our arbitration agreement is prohibited by law, the laws of Texas, U.S.A., excluding Texas’s conflict of laws rules, will apply to any disputes arising out of or relating to this Agreement or our Services. Notwithstanding the foregoing, the Arbitration Agreement in Section 15a above shall be governed by the Federal Arbitration Act. For the avoidance of doubt, the choice of Texas governing law shall not supersede any mandatory consumer protection legislation in such jurisdictions.15c. VENUEAny claims that are not submitted to arbitration for any reason must be litigated in Dallas County, Texas (except for claims brought in small claims court, and in the EU or where prohibited by law).Except for users residing in the EU or European Economic Area, who may bring claims in their country of residence in accordance with applicable law, and except for claims that may be properly brought in a small claims court of competent jurisdiction in the county or other jurisdiction in which you reside or in Dallas County, Texas, all claims arising out of or relating to this Agreement, to our Services, or to your relationship with OkCupid that for whatever reason are not submitted to arbitration will be litigated exclusively in the federal or state courts of Dallas County, Texas, U.S.A. You and OkCupid consent to the exercise of personal jurisdiction of courts in the State of Texas and waive any claim that such courts constitute an inconvenient forum.16. INDEMNITY BY YOUYou agree to indemnify OkCupid if a claim is made against OkCupid due to your actions.You agree, to the extent permitted under applicable law, to indemnify, defend, and hold harmless OkCupid, our affiliates, and their and our respective officers, directors, agents, and employees from and against any and all complaints, demands, claims, damages, losses, costs, liabilities, and expenses, including attorney’s fees, due to, arising out of, or relating in any way to your access to or use of our Services, Your Content, Your conduct toward other users, or your breach of this Agreement.17. ACCEPTANCE OF TERMSBy using our Services, you accept the Terms of this Agreement.By using our Services, whether through a mobile device, mobile application, or computer, you agree to be bound by (i) these Terms, which we may amend from time to time, (ii) our Privacy Policy and Cookie Policy, (iii) the Community Guidelines, and (iv) any Additional Terms Upon Purchase. If you do not accept and agree to be bound by all of the terms of this Agreement, please do not use our Services.The section headings and summaries contained herein are inserted for convenience only and shall not be considered in interpreting any term or provision hereof. All pronouns and any variations thereof shall be deemed to refer to the masculine, feminine, neuter, singular or plural as the identity of the entities or persons referred to any require. Any word both capitalized and uncapitalized will be deemed to have the same meaning.18. ENTIRE AGREEMENTThis Agreement supersedes any previous agreements or representations.These Terms, with the Privacy Policy, Cookie Policy, Community Guidelines, and any Additional Terms Upon Purchase, contain the entire agreement between you and OkCupid regarding the use of our Services. The Terms supersede all previous agreements, representations, and arrangements between us, written or oral. If any provision of these Terms is held invalid, illegal, or otherwise unenforceable, the remainder of the Terms shall continue in full force and effect. The failure of the Company to exercise or enforce any right or provision of these Terms shall not constitute a waiver of such right or provision. You agree that your OkCupid account is non-transferable and all of your rights to your account and its content terminate upon your death, unless otherwise provided by law. Any rights and licenses granted hereunder, may not be transferred or assigned by you, but may be assigned by us without restriction. No agency, partnership, joint venture, fiduciary or other special relationship or employment is created as a result of these Terms, and you may not make any representations on behalf of or bind OkCupid in any manner.19. SPECIAL STATE TERMSSpecial terms apply in Arizona, California, Connecticut, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island, WisconsinFor subscribers residing in New York:The Services do not guarantee any number of “referrals”—rather, the functionality of the Services is such that the subscriber can view as many profiles as he/she would like;Upon notice in writing and delivered to Match Group Legal, P.O. Box 25472, Dallas, Texas 75225, USA, subscribers may place their subscription on hold for up to one year;How your information is used and how you may access your information is set forth in our Privacy Policy;You may review the New York Dating Service Consumer Bill of Rights here;For subscribers residing in North Carolina:You may review the North Carolina Buyer’s Rights here.For subscribers residing in Illinois, New York, North Carolina, and Ohio:Our Services are widely available in the United States—if you believe that you have moved outside a location where we provide the Services, please contact us in writing delivered to Match Group Legal, P.O. Box 25472, Dallas, Texas 75225, USA, and we will work with you to provide alternative services or a refund.[For subscribers residing in Arizona, California, Connecticut, Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Rhode Island, and Wisconsin__:Your Right to Cancel—You may cancel your subscription, without penalty or obligation, at any time prior to midnight of the third business day following the date you subscribed. In the event that you die before the end of your subscription period, your estate shall be entitled to a refund of that portion of any payment you had made for your subscription which is allocable to the period after your death. In the event that you become disabled (such that you are unable to use our Services) before the end of your subscription period, you shall be entitled to a refund of that portion of any payment you had made for your subscription which is allocable to the period after your disability by providing the company notice in the same manner as you request a refund as described above in Section 8.

I start with an attempt to define and restrict the scope of terms such as AR, VR, tax that are nebulous and context dependent. Then I examine the current state from a historical and market perspective. Then I consider the actual h/w, identify stable and unstable components, followed by a look at supply chains & opportunities. I end with a few discussions on physiological issues, GPUs and captive content distribution channels.I discount content developer opinions and selective pre-order volume based metrics here - Their (A) enthusiasm is driven by assumptions of first-mover advantages on immature platforms, & (B) are not locked-in to platforms & will switch to largest player when that makes sense.Definitions and restrictionstax - A company X taxes a market Y, when X maintains the most immediately useful tool-chain combinations of IP/Services/products such that X may assume a default position in any product pipeline in Y.Example: X=AWS (from Vaibhav Mallaya's comment) for Y=cloud,Example: X=Texas Instruments for the Y=home-projection market.Note:For such taxes to exist Y needs to be mature.Taxation is never only a matter of technology superiority but requires perception engineering and X's active participation.Companies need to react in real time to developments in YExample: TI's tactics in creating a DLP monopoly (InFocus case)Example: Sharp/(MITI)'s decline+failure to contain Taiwan LCDNote: AR is not equivalent to VRVR can use non-transparent display substrates, AR may not.VR needs far greater calibration between the human visual system and the display, AR does not. Consequently VR needs more computing than AR does.VR hardware is easier to produce but harder to manage, over AR.AR may be made sleeker than VR.AR is mobile, VR may be static.AR is a generic term - can mean vision, audio or haptic, but popular press prefers to relate it to vision. VR is primarily based on the visual system.This distinction should make it clear that these are two different types of supply chains. VR due to its 'welder's mask' design approach doesn't need to be too sleek, consequently it is easier to manipulate existing component lines to work with VR. AR relies more on sleekness and wearability. So AR needs highly custom compactifaction - Something that no one has achieved yet, but I know all are working on this. Apparently there's also a new category that converges these two segments called Mixed reality.Another point requiring specificity - I imply head mounted or near eye display based interactive technologies when I talk of AR/VR devices. The device has to have features of wearables and has to attempt interaction with the environment without specific or manual input. Apple Watch/Fitbit/Kinect/Immersive earphones/that multi-speaker set up in your garage are not AR devices. A multi-projector PicoWall type immersive display does not qualify here either.An opinion on the origins of the current AR/VR cycle2007-2009 iPhone. The adoption numbers shocked all big players not part of the Apple supply chain. Specifically HP/Intel/Google/Microsoft. They get hammered by investors. Pressure on them to manage perceptions and since they were losing the mobile war, they had to create new product segments. The pressure increased exponentially around 2012 when mobility products start eating away what was considered their safe, stable product lines - desktop and enterprise.The formative years for AR/VR were 2009-2012 when everyone in the industry started taking on risks, helped by a stabilizing economy and consistent/low rates. That's when we started seeing the zero-th generation of AR/VR noise - 2009 Microsoft Kinect, 2010 Intel IoT alliance, 2011 Google glass, 2012 Google Tango/Oculus/LeapMotion etc.Most of the investments appear to have been based on 'not getting left behind, again' fears. For example, its safe to say in 2016 that Kinect/LeapMotion is no longer considered a unique, or relevant entertainment experience. Glass was abandoned because Google did not see it becoming a consumer product. Oculus was acquired in a Pay-to-Play move by a social media company. etc.[I have ignored the relatively unknown, but interesting companies that existed for brief moments in this space. There are many.]I can only conclude that the industry is force-driving the AR/VR wagon, not market demand. The risk we run is in killing the niche fields where AR/VR truly are utilitarian. It's certainly possible that we are mistaking curiosity for intentions. So 2016 is going to be the bellwether year for 1st gen products. This is the year we get to determine what the markets truly care for and wants as features.Y=AR/VRNext we draw some boundaries around the AR/VR market:There is no market, no real numbers only WAG projections. No perception of utility in consumers. It's not even certain that near-eye systems will ever steer outside enterprise or niche applications. Gaming does not provide volumes if it costs far greater than ~300 USD (a reasonable, consumer-accepted baseline). We may be talking of VR/AR-arcades, but not much of a market.Market will coalesce around the niche 2016-early-adopters seem to be the most excited about. Most seem to focus on what it does for the enterprise.From the perspective of supply chains, this takes time. After initial low rate prototyping, Silicon/mechanical/electrical/integration/testing/shipping takes 2+ years before economies of scale, design version stability and reliable demand projections kick in. So supply chain coalescence may be expected about 2018/2019.Companies that tax, X won't show up for 4/5 years from now. 2020 being the earliest. There will be a lot of noise in between.Always black swans like Magic Leap. They have made the most respectable moves in the market along with Microsoft so far - Respectablilty based on engineering planning and strategic foresight of their moves.So my predictions have a 2020 horizon.Hardware subsystems and units in the chainLet's now consider the typical systems such devices need. An incomplete list follows. Items in the list may be lumped together into custom subsystems (for example, the S1 PCB in the Watch, which Apple marketing described as a 'chip' initially and now call 'SiP').Generic systemsPower/PMICsPower/BatteryPower/AmplifierEnvironment/Color/light/Humidity/Microphone arrayEnvironment capture/CameraMechanical/ChassisMechanical/InputElectrical/touchElectrical/InterconnectsMechanical/Flex boardElectrical/MainboardElectrical/Antenna and flexLocation/GPSTelecom/baseband processorsWirelessLAN/Wifi/PAN/BT/WLAN/PAN/non-standard radio/opticalMemory/NAND flashMemory/DRAMProcessor/SoCProcessor/Interface controllerProcessor/Video/graphicsProcessor/ASICs for custom subsystems, may be integrated into main SoCOrientation/Inertial/MagneticComponent level manufacturing/TestingSubsystem assemblySubsystem packagingDevice level packagingDevice level assemblyCleaning/testingQC metrologyPackagingDisplayOptical/Display optics - Always customOptical/Digital light engine/DLP/LCoS/uOLED/LBS/LCDOptical/ASIC or COTS drivers specific to digital light engineInputInput/Gesture/RGBD cameras/Shaped light TX+RX pairs/Input/Gesture/HF acousticsInput/Gesture/ASIC ProcessorInput/Gesture/Touch-free capacitive/EfieldInput/Gesture/Capacitive touchInput/Gesture/x-IMU or air mouse/pointer type devicesInput/AudioRX/Speech/MEMS Microphone/ArrayOutput/Haptic vibe/Bone conduction/Custom hapticsOptical/Gaze/IR illuminated/High frame rateOptical/Gaze tracking ASIC/processorAudioRX/Environment/MEMS/PiezoAudioRX/Environment/Directional collocationAudioTX/mech/Bone conductionAudioTX/acousticAudioTX/multi-channel acoustic pipes/immersiveFirmware (Some require RTOS eg. baseband or dedicated processors such as IMUs with some predictive filtering)Firmware - Algorithms/Sensor fusion subsystem/Maybe in ASIC or analog or digitalRecognizing that everything can be customized, which adds time + money + uncertainty, customization is typically minimized. Most of the items that appear on the list can be permuted/combined into groups that make sense only to the systems groups/designers.Items, like cleaning/testing/assembly may occur as needed and do add cost and time. Once you know how many units you think you are going to move, you can add automation, assembly robots, additional metrology, rent/acquire facilities, increase staff as required. But designing/programming/testing/ensuring regulatory compliance all take time and need to be factored. ODMs typically handle some aspects of this.Looking closely at the factors that shape user experienceIt may be noted that most of the items that appear in the Generic subsystems segment on the list are commodity and there is considerable experience in manufacturing such highly integrated systems and have stable supply chains. No company will create new 'taxes' based on those components because of pre-existing entrenchment and options.The latter systems, that focus on display (immersion) and natural interface experiences (interaction) are the difficult problems in AR/VR. So if anyone wants to levy a tax on the VR/AR market they need to focus on hardware or software IP for:Immersion,Interaction.From the VR supply chain perspective, some processing/tasks/interfacing may be handed over to tethered desktop systems (example: Oculus). A key issue is will the market like tethered wearable experiences? [I don't think so - the markets vote towards mobility in wearables. But there may be differing opinions on this. Possible that content becomes so pretty that people don't notice a tethered experience.] If tethered systems become the primary model, then entrenched performance computing players may maintain their lead.IMMERSIONThe immersion stack has static optics (lenses, assemblies, light pathways, filters/Anti-reflection/diffuse/specular coatings, waveguides, microlens arrays, optical beamformers, diffraction optics), a digitally controllable light engine and a processor that typically takes the RLE compressed image data from the graphics RAM and figures out how to switch the pixel states. Then there are display standards and algorithms and interfacing IP opportunities.Static optics - These are typically polymer, but may be glass. Generally molded. Sometimes machined. Requires high QA effort, but once baselines are met, results are consistent and easy to scale. Unless there's a unique lens manufacturing tech or coating materials science that optimizes volumes and costs with specific apps to VR/AR, you are unlikely to gain any traction trying to corner a market here. This is a high volumes, low margins business.Light engine - Some examples in AR are DLP (TI), LCoS (Holoeye/Himax), micro-OLED (e-magin), microemissive (LuxView, my employer), LBS (apparently Magic Leap, Microvision). You will find details on the technologies here.There are regular LCD/OLED display components that are used in VR (Oculus and maybe Meta), but they won't shrink and that's a problem.Each specific light engine technology has a unique approach to decoding and storing the video stream and updating the pixel state. Unless the light engine is a standard product like an LCD variant, the chosen display technology will force a buy-in into a whole ecosystem that includes processors and firmware and IP licensing.These typically constrain the form-factors of the final product design, so are one of the biggest decisions a designer has to take. The light engines/image quality are also primary factors that shape user experience.You may be aware that the displays are singularly the most expensive subsystem even in the highly commoditized smartphone market. So this is where the biggest opportunities are. These companies (and their partner orgs that handle integration) are critical to supply chains since they may offer fully-integrated, 'CAD-and-drop', custom designs. Once a market gets hooked to a certain device experience, they won't care for anything else. First STN, then IPS LCDs killing the possibly superior plasma tech or power efficient electrowetting/e-ink/Mirasol is an example.[Edit: A technical point on illumination - VR h/w are typically not contrast or brightness restricted since the display doesn't compete with ambient illumination. But AR (or mixed reality) devices need to be considerably brighter than the light admitted by the see-through optical visor. Since the visor is typically designed to reflect light into the user's eyes, it adds some inefficiencies as well. So the light engines and illumination sources (see below) typically need both high conversion efficiency along with native high lumen output. This is another point that makes the choice of light engine tech very critical to AR experiences.]Illumination sources - The light engines may also require independent illumination sources, color sequencing technology and semiconductor photonics/lighting (laser diodes, LEDs). There are entrenched players here and this club typically requires deep efforts and commitment. If you have new and unique IP addressing illumination, you will be immensely valuable.Display Processor - See light engine. If you have an ASIC team and contracts/IP licensing with GlobalFoundries/TSMC, you are valuable.Algorithms - Discussed later.The opportunities are big but an org needs complete control of all verticals here. You cannot source processed photonics from somewhere, optics from elsewhere and use COTS processors and still consider yourself valuable. There's a reason Magic Leap needs the funding it did. (The jury is still out on if that's enough). The more unique your stack, the more verticals you need to control.Let's look at examples - We know that Oculus and Meta are based on LCD technology. Companies like CastAR appear to be using DLP. I have heard conflicting opinions on the HoloLens tech stack - some say DLP, based on maturity and display contrast, others say not-DLP because DLP is power hungry [Edit: Apparently LCoS - still power hungry and inefficient illumination]. Microsoft's patents apparently indicate a homebrew, with ODG+Nokia Lensing IP handling manufacture.TI has had the DLP market cornered for a long time. Japanese/Korean/Taiwanese companies have LCD cornered. LCoS is still too spread out, there are possible consolidation targets there (specially after Google dropped Glass). LBS is risky, because human factors. Micro-OLED is not bright enough. Samsung has regular OLED cornered, but like LCD, OLED doesn't shrink magically. I won't comment on Emissive micro-displays. Micro-LCD is being worked out but Japan/Taiwan/Koreans can't be beat; only acquired - And they consolidate/disperse all the time.2. INTERACTION.The interaction stack is built on permutations/combinations of sensors and algorithms. The primary intent with AR is to allow the displayed digital content to interact with and react to a user's environment. This is not as critical for VR, but you still need to detect the user's posture to enable immersion and reactive display content (what Oculus refers to as 'motion to photon').Sensor hardware - Publicly documented hardware may include simple RGB cameras, depth-sensing RGB+D cameras (PrimeSense, RealSense, Kinect), MEMS ultrasonic array emitters/receivers (Przybyla's Chirp), RF TX/RX pairs (Project Soli), mini-IR/laser/Time-of-Flight sensors (Microsoft), MEMS acoustic microphone arrays (Akustica, Bosch), capacitive field sensors (Microchip), MEMS MARG (magnetic angular rate gravity, from AD, TI, InvenSense, Freescale...), pressure, altitude, sensors as arrays among many other types. These sensors enable the system to understand the environment and user intent.One key insight that I think is unique - You can pay for high-accuracy sensors but write crap algorithms, or you can pay for low accuracy sensors and write excellent algorithms to get similar results. Leap motion is an example of the former, and the Apple IMU team is an example of the latter. Google's acquisition of Lumedyne shows which way the industry is headed.Scoping the product experience is also very critical. Just because you can have 20 sensors on your device doesn't translate to a better user experience. Multi-sensor algorithms are sophisticated and still need much development. Many orgs like AD, Freescale, Bosch finally, after like 15 years in the wild, have started to include quaternion f/w with their IMU chips - but too late - they don't work on arrays (because uncertainty propagation, parasitic calib. errors).Algorithms - The algorithms themselves are a big opportunity. The image processing required from depth sensing cameras is still considered a heavy load and requires specific co-processors and optimized architectures. Two core problems - 1. Environment mapping/segmentation, 2. Gesture recognition.The algorithms+sensors are still not accurate enough. Since these sensors drive the display content, there is little scope in ever processing this data online (because latency) like how we deal with speech. The old IP that has been granted is fairly useless, though legally still menacing. I expect a new wave in fusion, SLAM and sensor hardware quality to negate this barrier.There needs to be more psycho-optics studies on how these displays and algorithms interact with the human visual system and how they affect us physiologically over repeated and/or prolonged exposures. I am not certain if everyone will perceive the same displays similarly or if individual variations in eyesight will ruin experiences for some. Example: How does dominant eye affect near-eye display perception? There is opportunity here for ophthalmology to drive a part of the discussion on algorithms design.You will also find a lot more snake-oil here than anywhere else. Academic research is very difficult to translate to production devices. The simulated CGI experiences that marketing shows us are not what people see in the wild (Kinect/ LeapMotion). That's one big perception hurdle to cross.Algorithm co-processors - The algorithms may be implemented in silicon + PROM (Microchip/MGC, Maxim/21100) or they may be licensed as firmware (Bosch). Such implementation opportunities may be converted into a segmented toolchain that may be licensed by independent or smaller vendors. In a way this would be similar to the fabless/foundry IP license and production models.Metrology and calibration - This is the equivalent of the hard/soft iron and lifetime calibration issues in IMUs. Error rates and reliability are very, very critical here since they ruin usability and experience. There are studies that pretty much predict why technological leaps such as the Glass fail in the real world (Dix et al, Human computer interaction 2005). Most of my hesitation in being enthusiastic about this segment comes from this UX perspective.So the company that makes a product that implements a few features right 100% of the time may actually take the spotlight away from something like HoloLens which implements lots of features that fail now and then. Graceful failures don't mean very much. Reliable failures do, but someone has to figure out how to make this work.[My personal opinion is that vision based approaches for gestures will never achieve the reliability that is required for high volumes adoption in the time-window it is required in. They are simply trying to solve the wrong problem. But I am biased.]Ecosystem opportunities - A big opportunity from a devices perspective is inaccessible to most small players - An ecosystem to use the AR/VR product inside. Only Google and Microsoft have this. And so would Apple if it decided to release something - which it still may.So that was the background. Let's answer the questions based on that.1. Companies likely to tax the AR/VR market.The usual light engine suspects - TI, if we go the DMD/DLP way, or the Korea/Japan/Taiwan LCD consortiums if we use LCDs or microLCDs. If LCoS makes an entry, then you may have Himax. Whoever controls GaN/GaAs wafer bonding and 3D stacking technology also has a play here. Samsung, with all its subsidiaries and manufacturing partners will definitely be taxing everyone. Sony/Sharp's fortunes may reverse as well (I highly doubt it will be significant for a full recovery). Just about every pico projector or small form factor display specialist company may have a play here.A note on LCoS is that it has some unique wavelength selectivity and phase modulation characteristics. It will find unique volume applications for sure, but it has to mature (for example, ferroelectric LCoS) in time for it to be viable for AR/VR.Then there are the sensor/A2Ds/ADCs semiconductor manufacturers at play - All the MEMS and optical sensors companies. Among them, the one with the best accuracy and precision may win. Google has a march over other companies with the Lumedyne acquisition, but not sure how mature their lines are.Semiconductor photonics companies like Philips or Maruwa or Osram or Sumitomo are going to benefit if they just try and play nice with the AR/VR companies instead of focusing on their energy efficiency marketing.Metrology software companies that provide enterprise and production support with standardized services for sensor algorithms and metrology and/or device calibration would be successful. Bosch is an example. There's several companies in the Illinois area as well. Prototyping silicon has reliability issues that may be solved with standardized outsourced testing services.There are opportunities for SFF computing and GPU companies to release plug-n-play modular hardware that ensure that consumer grade laptops/desktops are compatible with VR/AR systems. USB 3.x standards appear to be a great way to enable such technology. It is likely that there will be consortium based standards created to enable such channels, and such standards will be used to levy a tax. (See note below for why entrenched desktop GPU players may not have much of a lead, but mobility/low power IP core licensing has strong opportunities.)New actuator technology, like bone conduction, needs to be examined a little closer. There are things that can be done here with multi-actuator setups that don't seem to have been explored yet. Companies that already specialize in BC speakers (Dayton for example) should see a steady flow of custom design RFQs. Somebody's going to eventually go towards a powerglove type solution (again!) and incorporate gyroscopic actuators (spinning inertial platters) for haptic feedback. Those that can make them small will have considerable play.In addition to passive optics, some, more mature and larger, technology companies are considering active optics. The usual approach is to use polymer thin film composites of nematic LCs and others organic/inorganic birefringent materials to construct patterned active layers sandwiched between glass and TCO layers to construct waveguides. An example may be DO.Biometry companies and statistical human body model companies should also see better margins. The fashion market will dictate a few trends here, but I have no idea where to even begin with that.Biocompatible polymer companies should also see a surge in inquires depending on the weight and fit of the final design. Fitbit had issues. So I expect 3M or Eastman to pick up a piece of the pie, along with their traditional plastics lines. There could be a move to natural fibers as well but I have no idea of who the players here are.The demand for software developers skilled in sensor implementation will continue its upswing, and I suspect to the point where many of these jobs go offshore. So off-shore consultants need to figure out how to incorporate such skills in their pools. Initially, it won't be as straight-forward as learning a framework - You will need graphics, mobility GPU, physics and EE/DSP skills.Big players like Intel will keep trying to force their ideas on people, and they may succeed. Entries of companies like Apple into the fray will definitely tip the carts for every other company not a part of their supply chain. You will see smaller companies without strong tech stacks disappear or get acquired in firesales.The receptivity of the Chinese market is also another huge factor. If a small player wins there, then the companies in North America may not have a chance to adapt to the China-internal supply chain efficiencies. But that's a generic statement true for many segments. What will be interesting is if AR/VR gets forced into a novelty segment like the Pico projectors were. And what I do know is that they, China, are looking at a very different, bigger, picture and running in a completely different direction from the US or the Japanese/Koreans. It may pay to not be caught inside the North California feedback loop.A general point - the chicken or the egg problem - Big manufacturing doesn't do small prototyping. But Small manufacturing requires cash upfront, and don't extend deep credit to small prototyping customers. Small companies that have big ideas but little to no credit generally find it difficult to execute on the actual vision - Some specs and tolerances are just proportional to money. Some manufacturing partners that look at the big picture and take on the risks may find themselves getting lucky. Hon Hai is doing just this. The ones based in the US or Korea seem to be only providing lip service.Physical FMCE retail stores like BestBuy, Apple/Microsoft Stores that showcase AR/VR and personalized wearables experiences are going to be critical as well. There is simply no other or better way to market such highly personal experiences. So capturing/partnering with distribution channels is critical if you don't have your own. This is also good for physical retail, because foot traffic+ecosystem sales. I expect BestBuy will do really well.2. Supply chain dependencies.GaN GaAs wafer and quality, availability and scaling to meet consumer demand.Efficient illumination sources (LEDs, laser diodes). For non-emissive sources, the light has to be generated by something. Most people are unaware of how critical illumination sources and the semiconductor companies that make them are. There are maybe two, at most three, orgs that can actually provide sources at scale.Precision diamond turning equipment for lens and mold manufacture.Micro forming/micro deep drawing/micro injection molding and stamping tech IP. Apple is the only Co with an internal specialist group on this. Most people don't understand this end of the business, but it's critical because miniaturization/compactification requires heavily non-ISO parts for fasteners (screws, for example: low strength steel Y-wing screws, w/ 0.2mm threads on Apple Watch), latches and rocker/slider/MOM switch mechanisms and custom connectors (eg. hidden 6 pin port on Apple Watch).Foundries with stable MEMS, FinFET, <20nm design rules and processing. Anyone can flat out say GlobalFoundries, TSMC and Samsung Semi are going to make money. Their recent investments (>$50B aggregate, 2012-now) reveal the same.Sensor design IP accessibility - The IP needs to not just be good, but defensible against frivolous claims. Verified/reliability approved designs are immensely valuable.Sensor fusion/SLAM algo IP accessibility. Many AR/VR hw orgs start building MVPs using barely functional, first-principles algorithms. The bare functions from open-source libs are okay, but don't scale well. It's easier to pay for specialist IP than develop self-calib. routines or wait for years to get SLAM working correctly. Example - Bradski was one of Abovitz's first hires. There's about 100 people in the world with the know-how to do this well. Chances are, they are not in your team.3D packaging IP and industrial equipment, for System-in-Package design. Very few orgs specialize in 3D packaging design/simulation.EMC/EMI and EDA simulation tooling. Critical because of body-proximity and tight packaging with components physically on top of each other.Wrap around ultra-high-density flex, materials and manufacturers. For flexes to be 'wrappable' or bendable, the traces should not fail when bent but be thin enough to bend easily. These are antagonistic design criteria and difficult to manufacture reliably at scale.Small form factor interconnect manufacturers. Another thankless, behind-the-scenes role, but this is the reason devices become thinner or smaller, not Moore's law. Smaller semi chips do help, but reliability in IC packaging, molds and interconnect technology is what allows the signals to transfer. Very few specialist companies can handle high volumes custom interconnects.Bandwidth/fiber/telecom companies. Also multi hop/mesh network h/w f/w developer companies. IoT needs a display and AR/VR setups along with smartphones may be it. There's a huge effort behind the scenes for control of this space which is seen as high growth. Entrenched players are leading this effort. Not all are traditional networking companies.Human factors analysis - Human bodies have statistical dimension distributions - Dreyfuss' text Measure of man and woman doesn't give you digitally usable data. Companies specialize in collecting statistical body data and rendering them to useful forms (including CAD, finite elements and point clouds). Then there are gait, form, structure, posture datasets that designers love to have. This industry is bound to benefit from all kinds of wearables.Fab cycles for fabless, smaller players.Polymer orgs and their consultants. Polymers and specific recipes are used in everything from mechanical to optics to packaging to flexes to fibers. Dupont's Kapton XC used on Apple's stealth flexes is an example.Industrial optic metrology/lightfield homogeneity/illumination PSF measurement tool makers. Cohu/Delta design for line equipment, Nikon, Hexagon, a bunch of European companies.Regulatory policies on eye fatigue/illumination exposure. There will be guidelines issued and there will be some posturing. See note on health risks below.Physical retail stores for distribution channelsNote on regulations and health risks (cc. Colin Jensen)Head-Mounted devices will fall under both the FCC and the FDA mandates (21CFR1000.15). Device-makers will try to force an FCC-only oversight by disavowing any medical applications - but the FD&C sec. 531 makes it clear that such devices should require FDA oversight. However in the end this may be a matter of legal clarification that really cannot be predicted.FCC regulations are murky and I am unsure of how the agency arrives at its conclusions. FDA operations are clearer, or maybe I am just more familiar, so I focus on that.Broadly - The first gen products will have standard disclaimers and warningsremoving/reducing liability (<30mins of usage, >16 yrs of age etc). The FDA as a matter of practice does not 'go after' nascent businesses unless it is egregious, or it receives complaints or reports of concern from the practicing medical community. It will first study the physiological effects under expert oversight, then issue guidances, finally create regulations and standards that equipment manufacturers would have to follow. This takes time and industry comments are always sought and taken into consideration.Unless deemed absolutely dangerous, commerce may be allowed until guidances areissued. If the expert panel finds significant chances for injury to occur, it will select a classification for such near-eye devices (Class I being safest, III being worst). Thenear eye industry will fight to get their products classified Class I at worst.The LCD/DLP based devices may be declared class I depending upon the raw lumens they output among other factors. Many AR devices may actually not require classification at all, specially if they are battery operated - Because limited power restricts the illumination output. However this is not true for tethered devices such as those from Oculus. They may try to increase their display brightness which may increase health risks (see below).Google/Magic Leap, if they use laser diodes as sources, may get a Class II (mandatory 501k filing since there are no equivalent products that shine lasers into your eyes for long periods of time). The increased regulatory costs may be passed down to the customers. Regulation may also force such tethered/high lumen near eye devices to be sold under medical or occupational guidance etc.Health risks - Broad categories are(A) Simulator sickness(B) Repeated/prolonged exposure.Simulator sickness is an ongoing discussion - Some are of the opinion that initial sickness can be overcome through sitting+acclimatizing over time. They assume that this initial barrier won't restrict adoption. I disagree, but won't dwell on this.Prolonged exposure - The physics of head mounted systems, with their brightness, near eye lensing, moderate temperature, pressure and electromagnetic exposure dosage and the straps+weight of the system should definitely require physiological/ ophthalmological oversight. For example, some wrap around strap-based designs do increase mechanical pressure or physical stress on superficial temporal, occipital and angular/facial veins/arteries. The physics (inertial motion, eccentric mass distribution) of head mounted gears will lead to conditions similar or worse than what commonly cause 'helmet whiplash' or gorilla arms for controllers. Also RSI is to be expected with unsupported necks, arms.Note these are the obvious issues - there will be others such as those pertaining to blink reflex, ocular hypertension, trauma on general orbital systems and many others. I don't have expertise to assess these.The risks will have to be evaluated against the benefits. Many concerns may be addressable through appropriate engineering and quality control. I only hope that systems designers follow a 'do no harm' or ALARP principle and consider such issues in their system design.Is medical regulation a barrier to entry? Depends. Not for most players, but certainly for the homebrewers. The onus is on the very first devices to show that they are not dangerous. After that every other manufacturer only needs to claim equivalence with the first device. This may still deter some players not familiar with policies and hinder investments in such players.NB - A class III classification is highly unlikely, but could prove very dangerous to the AR/VR industry.However I expect there will be no regulatory roadblocks until at least 2018 or later.Note on content channel and app-store lock-in'sAll major players (Microsoft/Hololens/Windows Store, Google / Magic Leap / Play store...) will have their own content channels. Hard to expect Steam or any non-affiliated channels - those not affiliated with either a major h/w or OS maker - to succeed; Example: Leap Motion, Amazon's app store didn't do too well. Another example, developer's funds - like those created by Highland for Leap motion don't work out to create a natural ecosystem when competing against integrated app stores.A generic, system-independent app store faces huge issues, as was initially demonstrated by the fragmentation in Google's play store where many apps didn't work the same or at all on different versions of android phones. So platforms like OpenVR face big obstacles. First gen h/w products with heavy subsystem and performance fragmentation at the h/w and OS level cannot simply be virtualized away in software at the outset imo.This point becomes pronounced specially if your display tech just uses different physics to get the information into the users eyes (Magic Leap - lightfield, Oculus et al - stereoscopy displays, Hololens TBD) or uses different types of sensors and recognition algorithms with different levels of resolution/accuracy to capture input. If your immersion/ interaction stacks are different, you would introduce huge inefficiencies/bloat in trying to virtualize all possible hardware combinations into a single API. Some UI choices may stop making sense on different stacks/controller choices.On why desktop GPU companies don't have a guaranteed taxBecause they are not common to all AR/VR graphics pipelines.Gaming based VR rigs may need them, but baseline h/w margins are low and the larger market is not receptive to premium performance h/w.Market drivers may be low power/small footprint/mobility and cost, once baseline performance is guaranteed.Many h/w companies would prefer to develop their own low power SoCs eventually, specialized to their own tech stack rather than pay premium for generic systems (see point about integrated verticals; Example-Apple and PowerVR/Imagination Tech IP, Cadence/Tensilica, Synopsys..). Traditional GPUs are good for generic development with hardware abstracted away, but performance optimization starts at architectural design. [I am a biased rotten h/w guy, you can tell]You can mix and match IPs and foundries. Sub-20nm FinFETs are now stable and a big deal for next gen mobility SoCs. So depending upon an org's commitment+strategy, it's not that difficult to develop application-optimized graphics engines at the system design level while still getting next gen fab. Reducing generational dependencies on external architectures is generally a good idea and gives you better control in targeting experiences.I think the position that 'desktop-class GPUs are mandatory' comes from assuming that VR/AR==Performance gaming and Oculus; Not casual gaming, not enterprise, not productivity. I doubt this.From a display h/w perspective - Pixels need sufficient physical transition time to be able to switch really fast. Only microLEDs have the kind of refresh rates mentioned in Binstock's article in engineering stable designs. And liquid crystals don't switch that fast, because hysteresis and its a mechanical torsion we are talking about. Ferroelectric LCs do, but are not out of the labs yet. DLPs can, but they have ringing and pull-in stiction issues that they have to spend more time in fixing otherwise you get jitter and color breakage (smaller the pixels == worse that problem). That's one of the reasons why solid state photonics is such a huge deal. LC based displays may work for AR with selective region based decompression/refresh, but AR doesn't commonly use LCDs. Please note the disclosure below.So current gen displays don't support insane, >90Hz-peak refreshes - This implies that there's no need for 120FPS GPU support.Magic Leap's LBS tech may also surpass the refresh rates (90Hz) easily, and they would definitely need a custom SoC to fit in their mobility design.Note on '150Hz' FPS that eyes can detect - That's a number that apparently a WoW gaming forum spewed out and I believe is inaccurate. Eye's don't scan in consistent frames (see Andrew Watson's work at NASA on physiology of display perception, or Holmqvist et al, Eye tracking-comprehensive guide to methods and measure 2015). Physiologically, if we had to converge to a number it would be much higher and we risk forcing multiple concepts of biological photon sensitivity, contrast response and vision/motion perception onto a not very useful generic concept of hardware frame rates.The actual physiological processes of vision perception are very relevant to near-eye display people, mind you. But that's another discussion in another place.I realize I focused the most unglamorous aspects of product design and lifecycles here, but hey, this is what it takes. Some poor sod has to sit down and figure these things out so we can dream our rainbow dreams in powerpoints, clean APIs and rendered CAD images.I deliberately avoid taking specific names, except GlobalFoudries/TSMC/Samsung Semi, because lock-in depends on who's willing to take the biggest bet on this market. Many orgs that have a play here haven't shown deep commitment yet, except maybe Microsoft and Google.Disclosure: I design, build, analyze Micro-electromechanical systems and optoelectronic hardware for display/imaging technology used in ultra-miniature (pico) light engines and sensor technology for human-computer interfaces at Ostendo, a display technology company in SoCal that also makes near eye products. I invented a sensor+algorithm stack called deepSense with applications in AR/VR/Biomed/robotics and real life. It's just the greatest thing since Nyan cat. I am fully of that opinion.