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Chinese dramas during the Cultural Revolution have indeed been affected. There are not many new varieties. The most famous are eight model dramas, all of which have feelings for revolution and newcomers.During the Cultural Revolution, there were few films and dramas that could be seen. "Eight model dramas" are popular for a while, but are there only eight "model dramas"? What are the eight model plays? I think you may not come up with what you said, just take a look now.Model playThe origin of the name "model play"The official name of "Model Opera" is "Revolutionary Model Opera". The name of "model drama" was originally seen in the article by the signed "Reviewer" published in Shanghai's "Liberation Daily" on March 16, 1965, praising the Peking Opera "Red Lantern", and in the "People's Daily" on October 24, 1966. "Two Shanghai workers praised the Peking opera "Take the Tiger Mountain out of the sky". From then on to the end of 1966, titles such as "revolutionary model drama", "revolutionary art model" and "revolutionary modern model work" appeared in newspapers and magazines.The "revolutionary model drama" was called out from May to June 1967. At that time, the stage art works fostered by Jiang Qing gathered in Beijing and repeatedly staged in the six major theaters. On May 31, 1967, the article "Excellent Model of Revolutionary Literature and Art" in the editorial of "People's Daily" officially proposed the term "model drama". And make a list as follows: "Peking Opera "Red Lantern", "Take the Tiger Mountain", "Shajiabang", "Harbor", "Surprise Attack on the White Tiger", ballet "Red Detachment of Women", "White Haired Girl", symphonic music "Sand Jiabang"".In May 1968, "Long Live the Victory of Chairman Mao's Revolutionary Literary and Artistic Line" was released, and Xinhua News Agency distributed a report with the subtitle "The Ministry of Posts and Telecommunications issued a set of commemorative stamps for the birth of eight revolutionary model dramas", "Eight Models" The term "play" is already very clear.Mistakes of "Eight Model Plays"Since the Cultural Revolution, many people, including some high-level people, have circulated the term "eight model operas" or "eight major model operas", but they are not very clear about what they mean. Some people, including some members of the model drama group, think that only the first eight model dramas are model dramas.In fact, there were far more than eight model plays in the Cultural Revolution, and about two dozen stage art works were called model plays. For example, the piano accompaniment "Red Lantern", Peking opera "White-haired Girl", "Ode to the Dragon River", "Plain Combat", "Cuckoo Mountain", "Red Detachment of Women", and dance drama "The Red Sister" appeared later. In the end, the creation history of the modern model drama of the Cultural Revolution ended with the Peking Opera "Panshiwan".The popularity of the term "eight major model plays" has led many people in society to think that there are only eight "model plays". The reason for this misunderstanding is that on the one hand, the eight model dramas have a huge impact, and on the other hand, many people do not know what the model dramas are.From May 1967 to the first half of 1970, there were only five Peking operas and two ballets in the model play. Many people never think that the revolutionary symphony "Shajiabang" is a model "drama".In fact, few people know exactly which eight dramas belong to the "eight model dramas." People think that they are more familiar and easy to recall model dramas, most of which are Peking Opera "Red Lantern", "Take the Tiger Mountain", "Shajiabang", "Harbor", "Strike White Tiger", "Ode to Longjiang", "Rhododendron Mountain", the ballet "Red Detachment of Women" and "White-haired Girl" and other eight of the best works.Introduction to the Eight Model Plays1. "Red Lantern" (Peking Opera)Peking Opera "Red Lantern"The story of the Peking Opera "Red Lantern" is based on the movie "I have a descendant", and its original author is Huang Yongjiang. "Having a Descendant" is a movie with the Northeast Anti-Japanese Allied Forces as the background, reflecting the Northeast people's anti-Japanese struggle. The story takes place at the "Hui Cui" station on the Hulin Railway (in Jixi City, Heilongjiang Province). In the 1960s, the film was released nationwide. Soon, the play was adapted by the Shanghai Shanghai Opera Troupe into a Shanghai Opera, and then the Harbin Peking Opera Theatre took the lead on the stage of Peking Opera. At that time, it was called "Revolution has its own descendants". This play is an excellent repertoire of the Chinese Peking Opera. From the 1960s to the present, many artists such as Li Shaochun, Yuan Shihai, Du Jinfang, Gao Yuqian, Qian Haoliang, Liu Changyu, Li Weikang, Feng Zhixiao, Sun Yue, Wang Jinghua, Du Fuzhen, Zhang Lan, etc. Take part in the show.2. "Take the Tiger Mountain out of the sky" (Peking Opera)Peking Opera "Take the Tiger Mountain out of Wisdom"In 1958, the Shanghai Peking Opera Theatre adapted the Peking Opera "Taking the Tiger Mountain out of Wisdom" based on the story of Qu Bo's novel "Lin Haixueyuan" and referring to the drama of the same name. It was originally created by the Shanghai Peking Opera Troupe in 1958. Summer. Screenwriters Tao Xiong, Li Tongsen, Huang Zhengqin, Cao Shouchun, Shen Yangsheng (writing); Tao Xiong is the main director, Li Zhonglin, Li Tong assisted; the main members of the band are Wang Xieyuan, Zhao Jigeng, etc.; stage art design includes Xingxi, Zhou Fan, etc.; The main actors are Li Zhonglin (played as Yang Zirong), Ji Yuliang (played as Shao Jianbo), Wang Zhengping (played as Li Yongqi), He Shuihua (played as a mountain sculpture) and so on. It premiered in Nanjing Zhonghua Theater in August 1958, and then performed in Suzhou, Shanghai and other places, which was well received by audiences. The script of this draft "Taking the Tiger Mountain out of Wisdom" was published in 1959 by Shanghai People's Publishing House as a separate book. In the subsequent performances of the Shanghai Peking Opera Theatre, Shen Jinbo will play Shao Jianbo and Tong Xiangling will play Yang Zirong. Once became one of the model dramas of Peking Opera.3. "Shajiabang" (Peking Opera)Peking Opera "Shajiabang"The predecessor of the Peking opera "Shajiabang" was the Shanghai opera "Ludang Huozhong". "Ludang Fire" is an anti-Japanese legend created by the Shanghai People's Shanghai Group in 1958 based on real people and real events. In the fall of 1939, in the battle against the "Loyalty Salvation Army" in Gushan Town, Jiangyin County, Liu Fei, then director of the Political Department of the Second Route of the New Fourth Army Jiangnan Anti-Japanese Volunteer Army, personally led a guard squad against the enemy at a critical moment of the battle. Charged and repelled the enemy's attack, but he was also seriously injured. After the battle, in the face of the dangerous environment of the Japanese and puppet bandits colluding with each other and going to the countryside to "mop up", with the support and help of local party organizations and the masses, he led dozens of wounded, defying hardships and dangers, rebuilding the armed forces and persisting in the struggle against Japan. Deeds. After the Shanghai opera "Lu Dang Tinder" was performed, it aroused widespread interest and strong response in the theater industry and audiences. In Shanghai alone, 9 theater troupes with different types of drama transplanted "Lu Dang Tinder" and performed "Lu" nationwide. There are as many as 31 troupes.In 1963, the Beijing Peking Opera Troupe accepted the task of adapting the Shanghai opera "Lu Dang Huo Zong". The creative team was composed of Wang Zengqi, Yang Yumin, Xiao Jia, and Xue Enhou. Wang Zengqi, as the main writer, put kung fu in the literature of the script during the adaptation process. Sexually. The adapted Peking Opera of "Landang Tinder" was originally named "Underground Liaison", with Zhao Yanxia as A Qingsao and Tan Yuanshou as Guo Jianguang. Later, the state leaders reviewed and approved the performance. The title of the play was finally decided by Chairman Mao Zedong. He humorously said: "There is water in the reeds, how can the revolutionary fire start a prairie fire? Besides, at that time, the anti-Japanese revolution situation was no longer fire but flame... The name can be called "Shajiabang", and the story takes place here." So the title of the play was named "Shajiabang".Four, "Harbour" (Peking Opera)Peking Opera "Harbour"In 1963, Jiang Qing intervened in the creation of modern Beijing opera in Shanghai, and decided to adapt Li Xiaomin's Huai opera "Morning in the Harbor" as a Peking opera based on the need for a drama with a worker theme. In 1964, Shi Ximin, secretary of the Secretariat of the Shanghai Municipal Committee of the Communist Party of China, and Li Taicheng, deputy director of the Municipal Bureau of Culture, were responsible. Screenplay by Guo Yansheng, He Man, Yang Cunbin, named "Harbor Morning", directed by Yang Jian, choreography designer Xingxi, etc. Tong Zhiling plays Jin Shuying, Xiao Wang Guiqing plays Liu Dajiang, Zhao Wenkui plays the old mother's uncle, and Tong Xiangling plays Yu Baochang. The play mainly describes the contradictions among the people, and there is no hidden enemy. It premiered on the People's Grand Stage on February 1, 1965.After reading it, Jiang Qing thought that this book highlighted the middle character and requested that it be revised to highlight the internationalist spirit of heroes and seaport workers. He was very disgusted with the "wind and rain chasing the boat" using the method of chasing light to create film montages, and decided to reorganize the creative team. , Five people including Wen Jie, Zheng Shifeng, Li Xiaomin, Guo Yansheng, and He Man participated in the adaptation, requiring new poem styles to replace old lyrics. The audition book was completed on April 2, 1965, replacing Tong Zhiling with Cai Yaoxian, directed by Zhang Qin, and designed by Yu Huiyong.Jiang Qing criticized the "non-conflict theory" after reading it. After that, it was revised repeatedly, and another draft was completed in May 1966, named "Harbor". All the names of the characters in the play have been changed, directed by Ma Ke and played by Li Lifang as Fang Haizhen. It was performed at Hudong Workers' Cultural Palace on October 1, 1966. In the spring of 1967, the play went to Beijing to participate in the 25th anniversary commemorative performance of "Speech at the Yan'an Literary Symposium". On June 22, it invited the central leadership to review it in Zhongnanhai.After reading it, Mao Zedong said: "The Harbour can be a model drama, but it must be changed to a contradiction between the enemy and ourselves." The creative team has successively adjusted Zhang Shimin, Wang Lian, Li Zhongcheng, and Liu Mengde to further revise it, emphasizing class struggle and shaping the class enemy Qian Shou. Dimensional image. Director Zhang Mingyi, accompanied by a mixed Chinese and Western band. The play was finalized in Beijing in December 1971. "Red Flag" magazine published the January 1972 performance of the play in the second issue of 1972. The Central People’s Broadcasting Station immediately broadcast the entire play recording.From 1971 to 1973, the Beijing Film Studio made two color opera films. Directors Fu Chaowu, Xie Jin, Xie Tieli. Li Lifang as Fang Haizhen, Zhao Wenkui as Gao Zhiyang (with Li Changchun), Zhu Wenhu as Ma Hongliang, Guo Zhongqin as Zhao Zhenshan, Zhou Zhuoran as Han Xiaoqiang, and Ai Shiju as Qian Shouwei. People's Publishing House published the main melody score and score of the script in October 1975.5. "A surprise attack on the White Tiger Group" (Peking Opera)Peking Opera "Surprise Attack on the White Tiger Group"The Peking Opera "Surprise Attack on the White Tigers" was compiled by Li Shibin, Fang Rongxiang, and Li Guihua based on the heroic deeds of the Chinese People’s Volunteer Army Scout Platoon Commander Yang Yucai in the Battle of Jincheng. The reference is to the article "Surprise Attack" in the "Heroes of the Volunteer Army" and later written by Sun Qiuchao Processing. The play was started on the Korean battlefield. The Chinese People's Volunteer Army Peking Opera Troupe had its premiere as early as 1955. After the volunteers returned to China in 1958, the troupe merged with the Shandong Peking Opera Troupe and modified and staged the play. In 1964, in order to participate in the Peking Opera Modern Drama Observation and Performance Conference, the stage art design was directed by Shang Zhi Si, Sun Zhang and Qu Zhigang. Song Yuqing played Yan Weicai, Xing Yumin played Han Danian, Fang Rongxiang played the head of the volunteer army, Yin Baozhong played the political commissar of the volunteer army, Yu Yanxia played sister-in-law Cui, and Li Min played aunt Cui.During the "Cultural Revolution", "Surprise Attack on the White Tigers" was named a "model play", but the director of the play, Shang Zhisi and one of the screenwriters, Sun Qiuchao, became "reactionary academic authority" and "dark ghosts and snake gods". Shandong Peking Opera Troupe was once transferred to Beijing and incorporated into China Peking Opera Troupe. In 1972, the play was made into an art film by Changchun Film Studio, which basically retained the style of the play. Recently, Liu Jianjie, the youth troupe of the Mountain Tokyo Theater, and others have re-arranged the play, which is also very successful.6. "Red Detachment of Women" (ballet)Ballet "Red Detachment of Women"The story of the ballet "Red Detachment of Women" is based on the deeds of the Detachment of the Qiongya Column of Hainan Island during the Second Civil Revolutionary War (ie, the Women's Secret Service Company of the Second Independent Division of the Chinese Workers and Peasants Red Army), showing a group of women fighting for liberation in that special historical era. A moving story of bloodshed and sacrifice. It was created and performed under the direct care of Premier Zhou Enlai in the 1960s. This is the first attempt of my country's ballet to carry out reforms in accordance with Premier Zhou's instructions to "revolutionize, nationalize and massize". When it premiered in the small auditorium of the Great Hall of the People in September 1964, Premier Zhou attended and invited Prince Sihanouk, head of state of Cambodia, to watch it.Chairman Mao watched on October 8, 1964, and praised the reform of the "Red Detachment of Women": "The revolution is successful, the direction is right, and the art is also good." After that, party and state leaders such as Liu Shaoqi, Zhu De, Deng Xiaoping, etc. Watch and entertain visiting foreign heads of state and government repeatedly.In 1964, the director Jiang Zuhui and others went to Albania to rehearse the play for the Tirana Opera and Dance Theater. Premier Zhou watched the performance locally. Japan's Matsuyama Ballet Company also rehearsed the play, with Yoko Matsushita as Qionghua.In 1986, the Central Ballet Troupe went to the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the Chinese Art Troupe to visit the United States in 1979. In 1994, he was appraised as "Classic Dance Works of the 20th Century Chinese Nation"The play "Red Detachment of Women" has been repeated many times in the Central Ballet Company. Bai Shuxiang, Zhong Runliang, Zhao Ruheng, Xue Jinghua, Yu Leidi, Zhang Dandan, Feng Ying, Wang Shan have played Qionghua successively; Liu Qingtang, Wang Guohua, Sun Zhengyan, Wang Caijun, Sun Jie and others have played Hong Changqing.7. "The White-haired Girl" (ballet)Ballet "The White Haired Girl"The plot of "White Haired Girl" originated from the folklore of the White Hair Fairy in the border area of ​​Jinchaji. In 1945, He Jingzhi and Ding Yi from Yan'an Lu Xun Academy of Art wrote music, composed by Marco, Zhang Lu, Qu Wei, Huanzhi, Xiang Yu, Chen Zi, Liu Chi, etc., based on which collectively created the opera "White Haired Girl".In 1958, Ma Shaobo and Fan Junhong were adapted into Peking opera "White Haired Girl" based on the opera of the same name. China Peking Opera Theatre. Li Shaochun plays Yang Bailao, Du Jinfang plays Xier, Ye Shenglan plays Wang Dachun, and Yuan Shihai plays Huang Shiren.In 1964, the Shanghai Dance School adapted the ballet "White Haired Girl" based on the opera of the same name. Art director Huang Zuolin, choreographer Hu Rongrong, etc. The main actors are Gu Xiamei, Cai Guoying and Ling Guiming. It gradually developed into a large-scale dance drama. Premiered in 1965. The dance drama has portrayed the dance images of Xier, Dachun, and Yang Bailao. Based on the basic ballet skills, it incorporates a wealth of Chinese folk dances. It is a model of the combination of ballet and folk dance. It is one of the eight model plays in the Cultural Revolution.8. "Shajiabang" (Symphonic Music)Symphonic music "Shajiabang"The symphony "Shajiabang" was adapted by the Central Symphony Orchestra based on the modern Peking opera "Shajiabang". At that time, its significance was not only to enrich the stage with a new art form, but also to respond to Chairman Mao's slogan of "the past serves the present, the foreign serves the Chinese".In response to Chairman Mao’s slogan of "foreigners serve China", all the cast members in the symphonic music Shajiabang were performed by the workers of the Central Orchestra. For composers who are full of Western modes, suddenly turning to the creation of Peking Opera style is indeed a big challenge. What's more, it is a task that can only succeed and not fail. While the composers concentrated on studying the tunes of Peking Opera, the professional singers of Bel Canto are also learning the singing of Peking Opera from their seniors.After the unremitting efforts of creators and performers, a symphonic music "Shajiabang" performed by Western orchestras, the four major pieces of Peking opera gongs and drums, and Peking opera actors who changed from Bel Canto has finally come out. From an artistic point of view, it not only has the great momentum of symphonic music, but also maintains the basic style of Peking Opera. This really refreshed the audience at that time.This work that has been baptized by the years has been circulating for more than 30 years. In the past 30 years, a number of literary and artistic works during the "Cultural Revolution", including the symphonic music Shajiabang, have left deep traces of the times due to various factors. However, to this day, we can still hear its voice and see its figure on the literary stage, even in the streets.Several popular model plays during the Cultural Revolution1. Peking Opera "Ode to Long River"Peking Opera "Ode to Dragon River"The play is another influential modern Peking opera after the eight "model operas". It was also produced before the "Cultural Revolution"