Non-Native English-Speaking Novice Researchers Developing: Fill & Download for Free

By reading so many great answers i lost my confidence but I do want to share 2 little habits that help me to write better. Although i don’t know it will be helpful or not compare to other answers.Following are the habits that i developed to write better :-1. A DIARY :-Now hold on before you make any assumptions i tell you that this diary should entirely dedicated to write your daily experience. i know what you are thinking “ Bro i know it don’t tell me this old tricks” . It may be old trick but most effective one because it helps to improve grammatical skill. Because while writing you constantly riding between past,present and future tense.2. Reading novel/books 2 hours daily (From 4.00 Am to 6.00 am)Now you must be wondering what’s the link between reading and writing So here i tell you to write better you must know better.One’s you started reading you will feel like you have entered into a new world . This world is full of great vocabularies and excellent phrases. This vocabularies and phrases will help you to improve to write better.I know you are upset with the time but let me tell you according to research this the best time do learn anything new. Since books are full of great material in my perspective this is the best time.And why 2 hours…. So our life is limited and there are great books available so if you planning to read 1 or 2 books for 1 month then its no use. So here what will happen if you spend 2 hours daily on books.CALCULATION :-Most of the books are of approx 200 pages and i have experienced that in 2 hours you can read atleast 50 pages.200 Pages/50 Pages = 4 days30 Days / 4 Days = 7-8 books8 * 12= 96 booksSo by only spending 2 hours you can read 7 to 8 books per month and by the end of the year 96 books.So after 2–3 years you can build your own bookshelf.That’s it.I know this tricks are not so great compare to others but trust me they are really helpfulUpvote it if you find out helpful.Thank youEDIT :-There is bonus tip for you guys i find these 2 books :-Word power made easy :- I find this book very helpful to imrove vocab try it.The Elements of style :- This book contains good principles on how to write better and helps you to overcome your mistakes.Try this 2 books.

Yes - this is called Practical Boxing, Street Boxing, or Boxing for Self-Defence. It is not strict boxing - it cannot be, if the goal is practical use, since for a start you must put back the wrestling that was taken out of old English boxing to make it the modern International sport of boxing. Modern sport boxers are the easiest of all fighters to throw, in my experience.The old bareknuckle boxing punches are also crucial because they were designed for punching to the head without gloves. They have significantly less risk for breaking the hand. These punches worked very well for their purpose - hundreds of years of bareknuckle fighting don’t lie.Some other moves are also very useful, such as the elbow shots from Thai boxing used in short fighting, and (again) the strikes from old boxing that save on fist damage when you just want to throw & hope - the strikes don’t use the fist, so there is far less risk of hand damage.In addition, when fighting bareknuckle you cannot use the shotgun punching style of modern boxing, as your hands are not protected by wraps, tape and gloves. You must go back to the old boxing style: picking the shots - or you’ll damage your hand. You will pick your targets, hit below the eye line always, and ‘pull’ any shot that looks as if it will hit hard skull - this means to take the power off before it connects. We should use the fist positions they used in old bareknuckle boxing, as these hit hard with far less risk of breaking the hand; it seems this was totally forgotten after gloves became the norm.No shotgun punchingThe modern method of firing off punches like a shotgun, with no idea where they’re going - the ‘spray & pray’ method - cannot be used in bareknuckle fighting. You just can’t flail away in the hope of connecting as in ring boxing - there are no wraps and gloves for hand protection. We need to work toward knocking down the attacker, then taking care of the next one - this is not a 1-on-1 duel like the ring version. So, the hands have to be protected from ‘shotgun’ skull hits that break the hand as this could mean you cannot take on the next opponent.What is Practical Boxing?It is boxing, trained for street or ring use. Therefore:We have to use the old ‘pick the shots’ style used in bareknuckle boxing, when using it for self-defence. The modern threshing machine approach is not practical.The old form of punches was designed for bareknuckle fighting. Today’s boxing punches aren’t. Therefore it makes sense to use some of the old punching technique such as the vertical fist straight punches, which are way better for punching to the head without gloves.It must have the old wrestling put back in, as fighting upright with no knowledge of grappling makes no sense at all - modern boxing is far too weak in the scuffle, never mind against someone who can grapple a bit. (A ‘scuffle’ is a close-up shoving/grabbing tussle, normally with someone with no grappling training, and where you might get headbutted, kneed in the groin or thrown.)Some of the other old boxing technique also helps: the strikes for example - as these are fist-savers. These hits do not use the forefist.We must train so the the boxers can fight in the ring or on the street. This means we’ll do separate rounds of sparring with strict boxing (the modern sport style), and street boxing (the fighting method).Some weapon and mob fight training is also appropriate. We developed our own specialist method of improving mob battle capability as it was of high value in our location - the British centre of mob street brawls - due to the local clan/hooligan culture that has always been a feature of this area of south London.In general, training for street survival does not ruin boxing for ring use. The boxers learn how to handle the different environments. With experience they have no problem going between street and ring, in the various ring or cage codes. It’s not easy to explain why it is so, but, with some experience, they usually have no problem fighting across the codes; also it produces a very capable and flexible fighter.Of course, it is exactly what fighters have done in Europe for at least 600 years: fighting in contests then going to battle. The best contest fighters are the best in battle, obviously - you can’t learn to fight in training - it just gives you the basic tools - you learn how to fight in contests and in battles.That is the outline of the method. There must be many ways of going about this, but it is not exactly a common choice out there. It suits three kinds of people:Anyone interested in self-defence who realises that boxing is an efficient way of going about it if it is taught with a practical side.Boxers who want a strong self-defence capability together with the ability to compete in one of the ring codes (amateur or pro boxing, Thai boxing, kickboxing, MMA, or whatever).Competitive boxers who realise that modern boxing needs some adaptation and additions for optimum street survival.Croydon Boxing SystemThis is the approach I took with my gyms, especially my final one, the Croydon Gym (in south London, England) when it was open from 1980 onward. We developed an effective practical boxing system there.Unfortunately I became ill; then became progressively more ill and closed the gym. After years of illness things started to look up, for various reasons (better diagnosis, modern medicine and so on) - but as an old cripple I will never open another gym. Writing about it and doing a little ad hoc coaching is probably as far as I can go, now.Nobody else in the world was interested in what I’ll discuss here, at the time, as far as I was aware back then. Communications were terrible, of course, and the internet was only just starting up; there were no smartphones. So it’s possible others were doing this, but I never heard of them at the time.Today people are much more interested in things that actually work for fighting, as against the typical martial art approach with no realistic contests and a fossilised technical base. Things are looking up, at long last.Why we did a lot of Thai boxingPreviously, colleagues and I had tried to start a contest series of fights of a type we would now call MMA. There was no interest in it at all in England at that time (the 70s), so we gave up. By the late seventies Thai boxing became more prominent especially due to the influence of the Dutch, just across the sea from us. From south London it was quicker, easier and cheaper for me to get to Amsterdam at that time (a 40 minute flight from either of two airports not far from me) than to get to major cities in other parts of England, due to the terrible transport links (4 hours typically), so Holland became my preferred destination for a time, around 1980 onward; and we could train for these fight rules as they were the most open solution available at that time - far more open than anything else.Amateur boxing was way too strict; pro boxing was strict but you have to be a 6 round fighter to get into it properly and many average gym members are not that capable; unlicensed boxing (in the ring) was popular and some of the guys did that (4 round fights were common there); bareknuckle fights were around but they tended to be at an elite level and too much for the average gym member; and Thai boxing was the best option of all as there was a full fight program, from pure novice 2-round starter fights through to semi-pro 5 round bouts. All the old-time boxing stuff was allowed in this including strikes, grappling and throws, plus the Thai specialities of elbow and knee, which is high value for practical boxers. Plus kicks, of course - we found the front kick and low kick work best in street fights, and combine well with punching, knees and throws.Today there is the MMA option too: but note that in Thailand the rules for the stand-up phase are much more open than in MMA, as all elbow moves can be used, to any part of the head, neck or body, and if the opponent goes to their knees, you can use the knee to the head, for a finisher. In other words, all the moves that a Thai boxer uses to defeat a wrestler are specifically banned in MMA.At this time the Dutch were the kings of fighting at over 150 pounds, and on average could beat anyone else anywhere in the world at weights above those possible to fight at in Thailand. The Thais ruled the lightweights, the Dutch ruled the middleweights and heavyweights with their modified and systemised version of Thai boxing for the larger fighter. Foreign challengers were carried out of the ring in Bangkok, and likewise in Amsterdam with monotonous regularity during the 80’s - it was a popular spectacle watching the challengers who didn’t know Thai boxing getting carried out of the ring - and that is where I wanted to be.(Historical note: when discussing this with Thom Harinck about 1985, we agreed the Dutch were the best at the bigger weights - but once the Americans had figured it out, they would beat everyone else as there were so many of them and they had the money to throw at it.)The rest of the world caught up, and that is where we are today.The English solutionNevertheless, being English, I have a preference for the English way: strong boxing and wrestling mixed with anything else proven effective in real fights, for the most efficient combat solution. The Thais have a lot to offer as they kept up the old technique when everyone else went the powder puff route, and developed their own spectacularly effective methods for small men too.The practical boxer chooses what suits them from the wide menu that results: there is plenty to choose from in old boxing (with its integral wrestling), new boxing, and Thai boxing. There is a better standard of wrestling also available widely now, and there is no harm at all mixing this in too - along with knife defence, as in some places knives on the street are common.Nothing is off-limits because street survival has no rules. What was of great interest is that our mob fight training, the Bundle, which became notorious for its major fun factor (I think) clearly showed that boxing and throws are by far the most efficient ways to put opponents down in a brawl - so we tended to do more of this than other parts of the technical base.Quora answers related to this topicHere are some answers on this and closely-related topics. Practical boxing is explained in more detail in these answers.Chris Price's answer to What are the benefits of boxing bare handed or with only hand wraps?Chris Price's answer to What are the strengths/weaknesses of combining boxing, wrestling and Muay Thai, and how effective would it be in a group confrontation?Chris Price's answer to Biomechanically, what is the most powerful punch you can throw?How to train boxing for street survivalWhat we are talking about here is practical boxing: a hybrid boxing system optimised for street boxing. It is different from modern amateur boxing, as that tends to be all about the sport and with no specific self-defence work: rack up the points and don’t bother with going for a stoppage; stand up straight, don’t weave, work mostly straight. Practical boxing has more in common with some aspects of pro boxing: get some power into the hits, and, if you can, don’t leave it to the judges - and watch out for your hands, so use the traditional punching technique.Of course, it all depends on the gym: perhaps there are gyms somewhere that help amateur boxers to use their skills for street survival. I’m a bit sceptical about this since the first thing you have to do is put back what was taken out of old boxing to sanitise it: wrestling. I haven’t heard of an amateur boxing gym that trains grappling too (at least, an affiliated one that attends the official contests), but it might be out there.Defining practical boxingIf we try to define ‘practical boxing’, this is what we get:It is a training method for boxing with or without rules, with or without gloves, in or out of a ring. It has no regard for fashion.It must include some work with weapons and multiple opponents - and team fighting too - as these are things applicable to the boxer outside of the gym.It must be especially good at effective punching for all situations. You’re talking about street boxing and ring boxing: good anywhere, anytime.It must cover all relevant techniques from old boxing, new boxing, and global boxing systems. It can take the best from each, provided the system doesn’t suffer. By definition it will include some technical material from old English boxing, modern sport boxing, and the best of other boxing systems such as Thai boxing.It has to include wrestling, as old boxing did, because fighting while standing up but without any knowledge of wrestling is impossibly stupid. Modern sport boxers are probably the easiest of all fighters to throw. This why old English boxing included wrestling as a core component, and why Thai boxing still does. Anyone who wants to fight standing up needs to know how to stay that way, if nothing else.Wrestling is especially important with multiple opponents - this may be counter-intuitive. The reason is that with one opponent, you might be able to keep them at the right distance; but with multiple opponents then the chances are much higher that you get grabbed.And crucially important: since boxing is the premier method of knocking down an opponent fast, under any circumstances, then you have to train so that a punch to the head without a glove on is very hard, very effective, and doesn’t break your hand. That is easier said than done, as you can imagine - and luckily they had that part covered in old-time bareknuckle fighting.You have to be able to break faces with the fist - you’re going to be breaking bone, since that is what it is all about - and then do it again with the next opponent. Then the next.If you can’t do that you might as well take up knitting.And don’t call what you are doing boxing - Figg and Broughton would be spinning in their graves if some powder puff like you calls your weak city-boy pathetic soft-hands glove-only dancing method ‘boxing’.Just in case it’s not clear: the fist needs some work in order to be a good tool for the job.That is a brief outline of practical boxing. It is simply a method of boxing that will work under a broad range of situations - not just in a ring with gloves and rules; and not just for bareknuckle use with no rules. It is, therefore, a flexible method.Some considerations for head punchingPunching to the head is highly effective. It is up there in the top 5 best of all techniques, along with a good poke in the eyes, a hard kick in the groin, and a rear choke. These things work.In order to be any use for head punching without gloves - as was the case for about 2,200 years before gloves were invented in Broughton’s era - the fist has to be trained for the job. Probably, if you have soft hands but no gun then your best bet in any street encounter is (a) learn to wrestle and hope there is only one attacker; or (b) grovel, lick your attacker’s feet and beg for mercy - since you don’t have any other options. I recommend you train properly to punch the head as it seems a better option to me, but it’s entirely up to you. If you have soft hands that need a glove, then better practice foot-licking as it’s where you’re headed.Train the hand and fist for the expected duty. Fist development is an excellent idea. Done correctly it has zero effect on dexterity or future health - there is no elevation of risk for arthritis or rheumatism.Wrestling for boxersWrestling when combined with boxing is a specialist technique. You could call it grappling, or standing wrestling. Some groundwork is also needed.Boxers use throws that are closer to the Greco-Roman methods because:- they need to be simple but effective;- they need to work with or without gloves;- they need to lead on to non-sport finishing moves that are nothing to do with the goals of freestyle wrestling;- they are intended to quickly get rid of a threat in a brawl, then move on;- they get you to a point where you can knee or stomp a big man’s head, as it’s easier when they just headbutted the concrete than if it is 6′ 4″ up in the air.Therefore a boxer’s throws are optimised for what could be called ‘non-throwers’. They are easy to do and taught as part of the boxing technique just as they always were. As an example, the boxer’s hip throw is different from the judo version and does not require a jacket grip or that silly arm around the head sometimes seen - it is simply a kind of side-on version of the pickup & slam. Such throws are easy to do and highly effective in real fights.The secret of fighting skillSome points about fighting and how to get any good at it.The only way to learn to fight is by fighting. Someone with 6 month’s training entering their first fight is pretty much equal to someone with 5 year’s training entering their first fight, as they are the same thing: a beginner. A beginner at fighting is really the only sane way to judge someone’s ability, if they have no fights. The fight is the teacher. You can’t learn to fight without fighting, the concept is stupid, and proven ridiculous. Yes, you can train for years and beat dummies out on the street if you’re good. But you can’t train for years, with no fights, and beat people who’ve got plentiful fight experience in or out of the ring even when they only trained for a fraction of the time (all else being equal, of course). We know this is so because it is well-tested.A fight is a situation, anywhere, in which someone is doing their best to punch your face out the back of their head, or throw you as hard as they can and choke you out, or somebody is trying to fillet you, or two or three of them gang up to do the job.Nothing else qualifies as a fight and no other experience qualifies as fighting or a realistic test of your ability. Whatever else you might be doing, it’s not fighting and it’s not training for fighting. You’ll be doing it for 10 years and still get beaten by someone who trained 2 years and had a few fights in and out of the ring. You can only learn to fight in fights, the rest is just sharpening your tools.People who think you can train to fight without fighting are naive, gullible, easily fooled, and maybe hypnotised by the mysticism of oriental martial arts or something. Whatever.If you are training with some foreign language being half-used in the gym: beware. That is a big red flag that screams bullshido. Fighting (and boxing) is trained in your language only - it is impossible to express the subtleties in some other language - and why mix two languages? It doesn’t make any sense. A right cross is a right cross, a front kick is a front kick. And if you correctly call it a front kick then you can further split it into front thrust kick, front snap kick, front push kick, front oblique jamming kick; and shifting front thrust kick, etc. - as a competent coach should be doing. Try all that then defining the movement you need in another language, pal.Fighting is invariably taught in your own language. There is no mystery to it, but plenty of subtleties that cannot be expressed in another language that most of the gym members cannot speak fluently.What is a boxer/fighter?Q: If we are boxers, should we only punch - or maybe just prioritise for punching and use anything else as a last resort?A: No. If you’re a fighter you do whatever it takes to win the fight. You never care about what it looks like, what the book says, or what the fashion is right now. You just win. Nothing else matters.Because of the ‘win and don’t care’ method fighters should and must use, individuals need to adapt what they know to what suits them and what suits the current situation. If the other guy has a knife and stupidly shows it to you before he uses it (as only a beginner would), then a hard front kick in the gut is as good a way as any to start.If they are slick with their mitts and you can’t match the guy there, get in and dump him, then take it from there. There are plenty of magic boxers who don’t have a clue when you grab them up. Most of them in fact.And so on.Old boxing was a mix of punching, striking and wrestling - and there is a very strong clue right there. It says: do whatever you can to win, there is no one method for all times and circumstances.How is street boxing different from ring boxing?Good question. It has to work without gloves, for a start. That means you need to train the fist correctly, which is a slow and gentle, sensible process. I did, and my hands now going into old age have the only joints in my body that are not painful and problematic - so as far as my own experience is concerned, the accusations of arthritis and rheumatism are - not correct. I was going to say something else less polite, but didn’t.You are in effect practicing to break bone with the fist, without gloves or wraps, repeatedly, in any one encounter. It makes a lot of sense to remember that in your training. It’s an achievable goal as long as you don’t listen to too much rubbish from the powder puff merchants who say it can’t be done. I assure you it can be done.Fighting is not the same as ring contests. This is a massive subject and I haven’t the time and energy to go any further here. The coach and the gym make anything possible for you. Ring fights are very good preparation for you when a street encounter comes along, as it’s just another fight, though you have to watch for the knife and the punch in the back of the head from others. Fighters tend to find that flexibility comes naturally, as successful fighting is about being flexible (we’re talking mentally of course). A fight is a fight is a fight, and the experienced fighter takes it as it comes. A punch in the face outside the cab office feels much the same as a punch in the face in the ring, and the guy will also try to knee you in the nuts just like they do in the ring if they can blindside the ref.Why do boxing as a fighting method anyway?It works very well. If you modify it as needed to regain what has been lost, and add the best of the new, and add the best from global boxing, it is hard to beat as a standing fight system. The icing on the cake is you can test it in the ring, and gain fighting ability without having to take it to the street.The core of the method is very simple and fast to learn. Then you can spend years tuning it, as with any combat system. There is always more to learn. If you want, you can go back all the way to the 18th century when boxing was taught as not only a comprehensive martial art but as one that provably worked for real fighting, with a range of weapons such as the sword and shield, the short staff, and the long staff. Demo fights were of 3 rounds, with one round sword and shield, one round quarterstaff, one round boxing (which at the time was a mix of punching, striking and wrestling). There is always more to learn in boxing.Ground fighting and weapon fighting are separate areas you could spend an equal amount of time on.So that’s three general areas of fighting. It’s probably more than you can learn in your lifetime, if you have any other interests at all, so prioritise for what you think is important - pick a core approach and do as much of the others as you can find time for. Only you know what suits you best.What suited me was to develop a practical boxing system using old, new, and global boxing, then add on some weapons and ground stuff. Your choice might well be different.What is practical boxingWe just saw what it needs to be, in order to be called boxing, and practical. It needs to work in all situations - and be especially good without gloves on because that is when your life will be on the line. The barefist method always takes precedence because it is the most important.As far as the technical base goes, it will (hopefully) include all that is best in old, new and global boxing. There is no harm in adding anything else that is also proven to work exceptionally well in real fights, as long as it fits the system.It will take the most efficient defensive moves; the best way of using all the offensive moves; it will use a well-systemised mix of components such that it all has synergy, as in all the best systems; it will replace what has been lost while keeping the best of the new; it will feature wrestling as a primary component, by utilising stand-up grappling and enough ground work for survival purposes; it will use kicks or other non-native Western techniques as necessary and as long as they come from boxing systems so they are known to work for fighting not dancing; it will meld together as a homogenous system - or it won’t work.What is synergy?Synergy (say: sin-err-G) in combat systems is important. This is why the Dutch localised Thai boxing system was so effective for so long until the rest of the West picked it up and learned how to equal them. Synergy means multiplication: the total is larger than the sum of the parts. The parts when combined multiply each other’s utility.Simple practical examples of this:Boxing plus low kicks, combined together as a systemised method. The boxing method may have to be adapted to suit it, because not all boxing styles popular now will work with old boxing or global boxing moves. This is an effective combination and has won uncounted street fights and ring fights - we know this because it was so, in Croydon.It’s a simple base that works well for many, though not all. Nothing in fighting works for everyone - that is why fighting methods are tuned to suit the individual but syllabus-based methods aren’t.Boxing plus wrestling, especially with an emphasis on throws. Again, we know it works because this is how our guys won ring and street fights. Indeed this particular method is the king of all fighting methods in high pressure mob fights as it puts more people on the deck than any other method.Again we know this because it was so in Croydon and we did enough ‘research’. Apparently nobody else did, which gives me a kind of nice warm feeling.So, if you want to coach a practical boxing system that draws on multiple sources, it has to have synergy or it will simply be a hodge-podge of odd stuff that doesn’t go together particularly well. Mine was based on new plus old boxing, used on top of the Dutch system of fighting that used Thai boxing as the base plus Western boxing on top. Jan Plas’s Mejiro Gym system was the blueprint for how to go about this: a way of localising a system to match or beat the originators and everybody else.The people who have most influenced modern fighting are probably Jan Plas, Jigaro Kano and Helio Gracie.To explain that last point: if you are a Westerner of 180 pounds then the best stand-up combat system in the world - as it exists, right now, and at this current time, for small people and in Thailand not somewhere else: Thai boxing - is of course going to be useful to you. But not with the same strategies: you will never be able to kick like the 120 pound Thais who developed the system, but you can punch so much harder that the game completely changes. So if you’re over say 150# and live in the West or somewhere else where punching is more common than kicking, then the pure Thai method is not the best approach. It has a lot to offer but if you’re not 120 pounds and you can’t do a front split and side split flat on the ground and kick hard to the head all day long, as they all can, then maybe more boxing and less kicking will be a good idea.Similarly if you come from a country with a very strong wrestling tradition, and you yourself like that side of it, then you’ll no doubt use more of the grappling component in Thai boxing even if you just stick mostly within the Thai system. Fighting is fighting and you just take what you need, and be flexible with it.For the Brits, and others of a similar nature, we like boxing and wrestling as a base, then add more on top. Some start in Thai boxing then find they can use more punching to advantage. At some point you could genuinely ask: is that a boxer using some Thai stuff and some wrestling; or is that a Thai boxer using a load of boxing and wrestling? The answer is simple, though: it’s a winning fighter and the rest of it doesn’t matter. Boxing globally has a certain mindset, and you can usually mix ’n match from it without problems, as the foundation is the same.If you’re a lightweight you’ll use more elbow and knee for the practical stuff; if you’re a heavy then more boxing; and in the middle: with experience you’ll find what works for you. Just remember synergy: it all needs to work together and the result needs to be highly efficient when the chips are down.MMA team fightsI’ve recently seen the East European team MMA battles, but in my opinion we were better at that game as we worked more team tactics for mob fighting - the MMA multi-man fights comprise several individual fights, and that isn’t the way we played it. We trained to fight as a team because that’s how it plays out when you get into it with more than one of you (for example two guys working door security or a bar / dance floor).My journeyI was lucky enough to have experience in depth with training under master instructors early in my life and so knew the various different approaches to the problems. I understood about modern coaching versus trad methods, west versus east in the technical questions, sport versus fighting, combat systems versus curriculum-based systems. Much of that was an implicit understanding because you can’t put names on it when young, or even as an intermediate-level coach. You do need to be old, in order to have enough distance to be able to stand back and see it all. The ability to name it all, categorise it and sort out the taxonomy so it makes sense is a job for the old. Luckily we still have some use…I’d started in boxing then gone through everything else I could find. I’d trained with classical masters, street fighting aces, sport coaches, knife specialists, wrestlers, assorted boxers and traditionalists. It was a good recipe but it needed some sorting out.The result was my take on practical boxing, after a long period of gestation. It was a total revamp of everything known in one place up to that point that could make someone a good fighter in the shortest time for as many situations as possible.Nobody else in the world was interested in this stuff when I was very keen on teaching it - I couldn’t find anyone doing the equivalent. Now I can’t run a gym due to health issues, but might write a book or two, or try some video coaching, or do some sessions and seminars. The world has changed, and it came back around to meet me, for which I’m grateful. Plus ça change… and all that.What does a practical boxer look likeThey are male or female, and use their weight or other physical strengths to maximise their capability. Nobody should fight the same way, like clones, because people come in different flavours and each has talents and weaknesses. The concept that one method suits all is fatally flawed once you get into fighting for survival or against equally-skilled opponents. That approach only holds good in certain kinds of traditionalist training and for fighting dummies - it falls down badly when tested against equals.I cannot teach a woman of 130 pounds to punch like a man of 160 pounds and quite frankly I’d be nucking futs to try. Instead she will use the Thai knee and elbow system a lot more, and it works quite well for the Thais at that weight after all. Unless her name is Lucia Rijker of course (the all-time greatest female boxer - the GOAT, no question). However Lucia came from Thai boxing in the first place - from Vos Gym, Amsterdam - before going into pro boxing, so no doubt she’d use a knee in the gut as much as anything else, when it matters.I cannot teach a stiff man of 170 pounds who has sat in chairs all his life to do hard high kicks effectively like a Thai; and since all we are interested in is knocking the other guy over as fast as is humanly possible and then moving before the guy behind gets too close, we’ll go with power punches and/or throws to do that job.I won’t teach people to box without wrestling as you’d need to be mad to do that, if we’re talking about fighting not sport.I can teach people how to survive in a high-pressure street brawl with multiple opponents as that is exactly what we were doing in Croydon due to the local conditions. Whether the individual has the necessary resources to come out the other side as a survivor is a different matter. Some do and some don’t - you can see that by looking at a bunch of people, they are not all survivors in the true sense of the word and that is that. Most can improve the odds, though, by working at it.I solved this problem myself, as a small person of 5–6, weighing 145#, with a small frame, by doing everything I possibly could to improve every aspect of my potential. We all have some potential, so if ability and survival is of any importance to you, you’ll work on improving your own potentials. So, I figured out that to fight bigger people needed more weight as much as better technique, so I hit the weights for many years - decades of course, in the end. I had to develop all aspects of this myself as I got no help from any of my teachers. They were all single-track guys and I don’t blame them, that was the mid 20th century after all. Starting out as a welter and a starting max bench press of 125 pounds*, I had to feel my own way to combat effectiveness combined with the strength required to beat larger opponents.* It’s always worth remembering the pathetic place you start out from, because unless you know where you’re coming from you don’t have much idea of where you’re going - and don’t bother lying about it because liars are two a penny and obvious to those who know.At the peak I could bench just over 300 and rep with 400 on squats - a set of 7 squats with 400 on the bar; plus one rep, for 8, on a good day; less one for 6 on a bad day. My 3-lift total was about 1150. I had put on 30 pounds of bone and muscle by then, and could punch holes in a bag (figuratively speaking), and pickup & slam 200 pound men without any problem at all (in reality).This process gave me the combat skills, strength and weight I had been looking for. It was fun while it lasted, and that is what being young is all about. The old can teach and that is what their true value is. While you’re young, don’t ponce about with fairy tale farting systems - sorry fighting systems - build your strength and skills, and fight. That is what being young is about.All the rest can wait until later.………………….All of the above refers to averages. We all know stars who are not average.Also, don’t annoy me by commenting with something like, “But my pal Jack he has no fights but he knocked this bloke sparko so that proves his okinawa silat kungfu works and he’s a killer and all he does is kata forms. We are 14.” … because I’m old and grumpy and the reply will have nasty words in it that you should not hear at your age.Of course there is such a thing as real boxing not sport boxing. Today we call it practical boxing: its use is self-defence and contests. By definition its practitioners are open-minded since they are practical boxers, and there is a lot of boxing out there both now and in the past - so practical boxing is by its nature eclectic (drawing on numerous boxing-related sources).Training right may be problematic, as you need a range of equipment and the motivation to maximise your own potential. Finding a teacher is going to be the hardest part of it, though.Read more on this at: Street Boxing

Radicchio - Sometimes known as Italian chicory because of its common use in Italian cuisine. It is grown as a leaf vegetable and usually has colorful white-veined red leaves that form a head. Radicchio has a bitter and spicy taste which mellows if it is grilled or roasted.Radish - The radish (Raphanus raphanistrum subsp. sativus or Raphanus sativus) is an edible root vegetable of the family Brassicaceae that was domesticated in Europe in pre-Roman times. Radishes are grown and consumed throughout the world, being mostly eaten raw as a crunchy salad vegetable with bite. There are numerous varieties, varying in size, flavor, color, and length of time they take to mature. Radishes owe their sharp flavor to the various chemical compounds produced by the plants, including glucosinolate, myrosinase, and isothiocyanate. They are sometimes grown as companion plants and suffer from few pests and diseases. They germinate quickly and grow rapidly, common smaller varieties being ready for consumption within a month, while larger daikon varieties take several months. Being easy to grow and quick to harvest, radishes are often planted by novice gardeners. Another use of radish is as a cover or catch crop in winter, or as a forage crop. Some radishes are grown for their seeds; daikon, for instance, may be grown for oil production. Others are used for sprouting.Rakkyo - Allium chinense (also known as Chinese onion, Chinese scallion, glittering chive, Japanese scallion, Kiangsi scallion and Oriental onion) is an edible species of Allium, native to China and Korea, and cultivated in many other countries. Its close relatives include the onion, shallot, leek, chive, and garlic. Owing to its very mild and "fresh" taste A. chinense is often pickled and served as a side dish in Japan and Vietnam, to balance the stronger flavor of some other component in a meal. For example, in Japanese cuisine it is eaten with Japanese curry as a garnish. In Vietnam, pickled A. chinense is often served during Tết (Vietnamese New Year). Allium chinense is used as a folk medicine in tonics to help the intestines, and as a stomachic.Rambutan - a fruit native to Malaysia,and other regions of tropical Southeast Asia is closely related to several other edible tropical fruits including the lychee, longan, and mamoncillo.Rampion - Campanula rapunculus, common name rampion bellflower, rampion, or rover bellflower, is a species of bellflower (Campanula) in the family Campanulaceae. This species was once widely grown in Europe for its leaves, which were used like spinach, and its parsnip-like root, which was used like a radish. The Brothers Grimm's tale Rapunzel took its name from this plant. Campanula rapunculus is present in western Asia, northern Africa and in most of Europe, except Iceland, Ireland and Norway. It has been introduced in Denmark, southern Sweden and Great Britain. This species was once widely grown in Europe for its leaves, which were used like spinach, and its parsnip-like root, which was used like a radish.Ramps - Allium tricoccum (commonly known as ramp, ramps, spring onion, ramson, wild leek, wood leek, and wild garlic)is a North American species of wild onion widespread across eastern Canada and the eastern United States. Many of the common English names for this plant are also used for other Allium species, particularly the similar Allium ursinum which is native to Europe and Asia.Ramsons - popularly known as Wild Garlic, belongs to the Amaryllidaceae family. This plant is sometime confused with Wild Onion. The most useful part of Ramsons is its leaves and flower petals. This perennial plant is grown as an herb in many countries. Gardeners grow Ramsons plant as a part of their vegetable garden.Rapeseed - Brassica napus subsp. napus, also known as rape, oilseed rape, and, in the case of one particular group of cultivars, canola, is a bright-yellow flowering member of the family Brassicaceae (mustard or cabbage family), cultivated mainly for its oil-rich seed. It is the third-largest source of vegetable oil and second-largest source of protein meal in the world. The term "rape" derives from the Latin word for turnip, rapa or rapum, cognate with the Greek word hrapys.Rapini - Rapini or broccoli rabe is a green cruciferous vegetable, with the leaves, buds, and stems all being edible; the buds somewhat resemble broccoli, but do not form a large head. Rapini is known for its slightly bitter taste, and is particularly associated with Italian cuisine. Its scientific name is Brassica ruvo.Rapunzel - Valerianella locusta is a small annual plant that is eaten as a leaf vegetable. It has a characteristic nutty flavour, dark green colour, and soft texture, and is popularly served as salad greens. Common names include corn salad, common cornsalad, lamb's lettuce, mâche, fetticus, feldsalat, nut lettuce, field salad, and rapunzel. In restaurants that feature French cooking, it may be called doucette or raiponce, as an alternative to mâche, by which it is best known. In German-speaking Switzerland it is known as Nüsslisalat or Nüssler, terms that have been borrowed by the area's many English-speakers. It is typically served as a salad with chopped hard-boiled eggs and crumbled bacon.Raspberry - The raspberry is the edible fruit of a multitude of plant species in the genus Rubus of the rose family, most of which are in the subgenus Idaeobatus; the name also applies to these plants themselves. Raspberries are perennial with woody stems. There are various species of raspberry in the plant genus Rubus. The widely cultivated Eurasian red raspberry or Rubus idaeus, the eastern North American black raspberry or Rubus occidentalis, etc.Redcurrant - The redcurrant, or red currant (Ribes rubrum) is a member of the genus Ribes in the gooseberry family. It is native across Europe. The species is widely cultivated and has escaped into the wild in many regions. There are several other similar species native in Europe, Asia and North America, also with edible fruit. These include Ribes spicatum (northern Europe and northern Asia), Ribes alpinum (northern Europe), R. schlechtendalii (northeast Europe), R. multiflorum (southeast Europe), R. petraeum (southwest Europe) and R. triste (North America; Newfoundland to Alaska and southward in mountains). While Ribes rubrum and R. nigrum are native to northern and eastern Europe, large berried cultivars of the redcurrant were first produced in Belgium and northern France in the 17th century. In modern times, numerous cultivars have been selected; some of these have escaped gardens and can be found in the wild across Europe and extending into Asia. The white currant is also a cultivar of Ribes rubrum. Although it is a sweeter and albino variant of the redcurrant, not a separate botanical species, it is sometimes marketed with names such as Ribes sativum or Ribes silvestre, or sold as a different fruit.Red leaf lettuce - Red leaf lettuce is a type of lettuce that comes with red leaves. This type of lettuce is usually calorie-free. Red leaf lettuces are a group of lettuce cultivars with red leaves. Red leaf lettuce cultivars include "Lollo Rossa", "New Red Fire Lettuce", "Red Sails Lettuce", "Redina Lettuce", "Galactic Lettuce", and the "Benito Lettuce".Red Mulberry - Morus rubra, a fruit commonly known as the red mulberry, is a species of mulberry native to eastern and central North America. It is found from Ontario, Minnesota, and Vermont south to southern Florida, and west as far as southeastern South Dakota, Nebraska, Kansas, and central Texas. There have been reports of isolated populations (very likely naturalized) in New Mexico, Idaho, and British Columbia. Common in the United States, it is listed as an endangered species in Canada and is susceptible to hybridization with the invasive white mulberry (M. alba), introduced from Asia.Riberry - Syzygium luehmannii is a medium-sized coastal rainforest tree native to Australia. Common names include riberry, small leaved lilly pilly, cherry satinash, cherry alder, or clove lilli pilli. The habitat is Australian riverine, littoral, subtropical or tropical rainforest. It grows on volcanic soils or deep sandy soils between the Macleay River in New South Wales to near Cairns in tropical Queensland. It is commonly grown as an ornamental tree and for its fruit, known as a riberry.Ricebean - Vigna umbellata (Thunb.) Ohwi and Ohashi, previously Phaseolus calcaratus, is a warm-season annual vine legume with yellow flowers and small edible beans. It is commonly called ricebean or rice bean. To date, it is little known, little researched and little exploited.[where?] It is regarded as a minor food and fodder crop and is often grown as intercrop or mixed crop with maize (Zea mays), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) or cowpea (V. unguiculata), as well as a sole crop in the uplands, on a very limited area. Like the other Asiatic Vigna species, ricebean is a fairly short-lived warm-season annual. Grown mainly as a dried pulse, it is also important as a fodder, a green manure and a vegetable. Ricebean is most widely grown as an intercrop, particularly of maize, throughout Indo-China and extending into southern China, India, Nepal and Bangladesh. In the past it was widely grown as lowland crop on residual soil water after the harvest of long-season rice, but it has been displaced to a great extent where shorter duration rice varieties are grown. Ricebean grows well on a range of soils. It establishes rapidly and has the potential to produce large amounts of nutritious animal fodder and high quality grain.Ridged Gourd - aka Luffa which is a genus of tropical and subtropical vines in the cucumber family (Cucurbitaceae). In everyday non-technical usage, the luffa, also spelled loofah, usually refers to the fruit of the two species Luffa aegyptiaca and Luffa acutangula. The fruit of these species is cultivated and eaten as a vegetable. The fruit must be harvested at a young stage of development to be edible. The vegetable is popular in India, China and Vietnam. When the fruit is fully ripened, it is very fibrous. The fully developed fruit is the source of the loofah scrubbing sponge which is used in bathrooms and kitchens. Luffa are not frost-hardy, and require 150 to 200 warm days to mature. The name luffa was taken by European botanists in the 17th century from the Egyptian Arabic name.Rhubarb - Rhubarb is a cultivated plant in the genus Rheum in the family Polygonaceae. It is a herbaceous perennial growing from short, thick rhizomes. Historically, different plants have been called "rhubarb" in English and used for two distinct purposes. The roots of some species were first used in medicine. Later, the fleshy, edible stalks (petioles) of other species and hybrids (culinary rhubarb) were cooked and used for food. The large, triangular leaves contain high levels of oxalic acid, making them inedible. The small flowers are grouped in large compound leafy greenish-white to rose-red inflorescences.Rocket, Rucola - Arugula (American English) or rocket (British English) (Eruca vesicaria; syns. Eruca sativa Mill., E. vesicaria subsp. sativa (Miller) Thell., Brassica eruca L.) is an edible annual plant in the family Brassicaceae used as a leaf vegetable for its fresh, tart, bitter, and peppery flavor. Other common names include garden rocket, (British, Australian, South African, Irish and New Zealand English) and eruca. Some additional names are "rocket salad","rucola", "rucoli", "rugula", "colewort", and "roquette". Eruca sativa, which is widely popular as a salad vegetable, is a species of Eruca native to the Mediterranean region, from Morocco and Portugal in the west to Syria, Lebanon, and Turkey in the east.Rock Samphire - Crithmum is a genus of flowering plant with the sole species Crithmum maritimum, known as samphire, rock samphire, or sea fennel. Rock samphire is an edible wild plant. It is found on southern and western coasts of Britain and Ireland, on mediterranean and western coasts of Europe including the Canary Islands, North Africa and the Black Sea. "Samphire" is a name also used for several other unrelated species of coastal plant.Rollinia - Rollinia is a genus of plants in the family Annonaceae. While it is widely recognised as a distinct genus a recent monograph advocates its inclusion in Annona, which also contains custard apples and soursops. Some Rollinia species produce edible fruits, such as biriba (Rollinia deliciosa). The flavor of the fruit is similar to that of a lemon meringue pie. Ripe fruit is very soft and easily bruised, and cannot be stored for long periods of time. It is usually eaten fresh, but it is also occasionally used in Brazil to make wine. Biriba trees are small to medium in size, and require humid, tropical growing conditions. The fruit is round, ripening from green to yellow, and the skin is covered with small protuberances that bruise to black when the fruit is handled. Not widely cultivated, they have gained a small degree of popularity as dooryard and container trees elsewhere in the world. Rollinia sylvatica and Rollinia emarginata - the latter referred to as aratiku - also produce edible fruit, but are comparatively little-known and only very rarely cultivated.Romain lettuce - Romaine lettuce is a delicious leafy vegetable that is widely used in sandwiches and salads, among other dishes. It is a variety of the Greek Lettuce. It grows on a tall head with sturdy leaves and a firm rib in the center.Rosehip - The rose hip or rosehip, also called rose haw and rose hep, is the accessory fruit of the rose plant. It is typically red to orange, but ranges from dark purple to black in some species. Rose hips begin to form after successful pollination of flowers in spring or early summer, and ripen in late summer through autumn. Rose hips are used for herbal teas, jam, jelly, syrup, rose hip soup, beverages, pies, bread, wine, and marmalade. They can also be eaten raw, like a berry, if care is taken to avoid the hairs inside the fruit.Rowan - The rowans or mountain-ashes are shrubs or trees in the genus Sorbus of the rose family, Rosaceae. They are native throughout the cool temperate regions of the Northern Hemisphere, with the highest species diversity in the mountains of western China and the Himalaya, where numerous apomictic microspecies occur. The name rowan was originally applied to the species Sorbus aucuparia and is also used for other species in Sorbus subgenus Sorbus. Formerly, when a wider variety of fruits were commonly eaten in Europe and North America, Sorbus was a domestically used fruit throughout these regions. It is still used in some countries, but Sorbus domestica, for example, has largely vanished from Britain, where it was traditionally appreciated. Natural hybrids, often including Sorbus aucuparia and the whitebeam, Sorbus aria, give rise to many endemic variants in the UK.Runner Bean - Phaseolus coccineus, known as runner bean, scarlet runner bean, or multiflora bean, is a plant in the legume family, Fabaceae. Another common name is butter bean, which, however, can also refer to the lima bean, a different species. It is grown both as a food plant and an ornamental plant. These beans are cheaper compared to other types.Rutabaga - Its scientific name is Brassica napobrassica. The rutabaga (North American English), swede (Commonwealth English), neep (Scottish) or snagger (Northern English), also called by several other names in different regions (including turnip, though this elsewhere usually refers to the "white turnip"), is a root vegetable that originated as a cross between the cabbage and the turnip. The roots are eaten in a variety of ways, and the leaves can be eaten as a leaf vegetable. The roots and tops are also used as winter feed that is fed directly or that livestock can forage in the field during the other seasons. Scotland and Ireland have a tradition of carving the roots into lanterns at Halloween.