Ea Form 189 E: Fill & Download for Free

I have never heard it came from a Turkic name. Little do you know, but “Crăciun” and the Hungarian variant is present in all Slavic languages and I doubt the Russians (Korochun, корочун, карачун in Russian) took this name from a small wondering Turkic tribe. So, either “Crăciun” came from Slavic meaning something from the winter solstice holyday of the Slavic tribes, either the name actually comes from Latin, from “creatio”.Anyway, you can google tranlate the entry in the Romanian etymological dictionary, mentioning many possible sources and why it is tricky to establish precisely the Slavic origin, and it could very be of Latin origin.[1][1][1][1]Nota bene: since when is Hungarian a Turkic language? Have you ever heard any Turkic dialect? They tend to sound the same and different from Finno-Ugric languages to which Hungarian belongs. Ugric languages came from Siberia not the Altai mountains.crăciun, definiţie crăciun, dex.roCrăciún (crăciúnuri), s. n. – 1. Sărbătoarea creștină a Nașterii Domnului. – 2. Imagine sfîntă care reprezintă Nașterea, și pe care preotul o aduce în casele credincioșilor. – 3. (S. m.) Personaj mitic, moș bun care întruchipează sărbătorile Crăciunului, corespunzînd uneori Regilor magi din tradiția spaniolă. – Mr., megl. Crățun, Crăciun, Cărțun. Origine foarte discutată. Fonetismul din mr. indică un etimon lat., care trebuie să fie lat. creātiōnem, cu sensul de „copil,” ca în sard. kriathone (Wagner 90), v. sp. criazón, cf. sp. crio. Crăciun trebuie să fi însemnat la început „Pruncul Iisus”, care explică și folosirea acestui cuvînt ca nume de botez și de familie, iar mai tîrziu personificarea sărbătorii. Etimonul creātiōnem a fost deja propus, dar cu sensul de „creație” sau „naștere”. (A. Densusianu, Hlr., 262; Jagič, Arch. slaw. Phil., XXXIII, 618; Pascu, Beiträge, 8; Pascu, I, 69). Această soluție nu pare posibilă, fiind negarea directă a dogmei creștinești a Întrupării (născut, iar nu făcut), și fiindcă lasă fără obiect personificarea și fără explicație numele de persoană Crăciun. Dificultățile care s-au opus der. din creātiōnem (de Rosetti, BL, XI, 56) sînt pierderea inexplicabilă a lui -e și rezultatul ea › ă, și acesta se reduce la e în poziție atonă, de unde rezultatul de așteptat *Creciune). Cele două argumente sînt insuficiente: pierderea lui -e este normală în acest caz, cf. tăun, păun, bărzăun(e), și pe de altă parte, numele de persoană la care nominativul s-a confundat cu vocativul: Bασίλιος › Vasile, Petrus › Petru și Petre, Γρηγόριος ‹ Grigore, față de ’Iωαννης › Ioan. Pe de altă parte, ideea că hiatul e-a trebuie să se reducă la a este falsă, și se bazează pe false analogii: videbat are în e-a secundar și catella a ajuns la rezultatul ea printr-un mecanism pe care nu îl cunoaștem. Hiatul e-a se reduce normal la ă, cum arată Rosetti, Mélanges, 353, cînd obține de la Diana, *zănă și de aici zînă. Prin urmare, credem că rezultatul creātiōnem › Crăciun este fonetic normal și logic, din punct de vedere semantic, dacă se pleacă de la semnificația de „copil”. Celelalte etimoane lat. care s-au propus sînt mai puțin convingătoare: lat. (in)carnatiōnem (Lexiconul de la Buda); lat. crastĭnum (Hasdeu 615); lat. Christi iēiūnium (Schuchardt, Literaturblatt, VII, 154; ZRPh., XV, 93); lat. Christi- cu un al doilea element neclar, cf. alb. Kèrsendeljë › lat. Christi natalia (Meyer 189); lat. călātiōnem „chemare adresată de preot poporului, în prima zi a fiecărei luni” (P. Papahagi, Conv. Lit., XXXVII, 670; Pușcariu 407; Capidan, Dacor., III, 142; T. Papahagi, LL, III, 211-3 și 220; cf. împotrivă Iorga, Revista istorică, XVIII, 220). Același cuvînt apare în mai multe limbi care au fost în contact cu rom.; cf. bg. kračon, kračunek (după Mladenov 256, direct din lat.), sb. Kračun „nume de persoană” (Daničič, V, 429), rut. k(e)rečun, kračun, g(e)rečun, v. rus. koročjun „o anumită epoca a anului, nedeterminată în texte”, rus. koročun „solstițiu de iarnă” și „moarte”. Această răspîndire a cuvîntului i-a făcut pe unii filologi să se gîndească la o posibilă origine sl. (Cihac, II, 79; Philippide, Principii, 17; Domaschke 163; Weigand, BA, III, 98-104; Rosetti, BL, XI, 56; Vasmer 633), bazat pe kratŭkŭ „scurt”, sau pe kračati „a face pași”. Vasmer adaugă că der. din rom. nu este posibilă întrucît apare în v. rus. (cronica de la Novgorod) din 1143. Argumentul nu pare suficient, deoarece se știe că pe vremea aceea rușii veneau în contact cu populațiile danubiene; este însă sigur că rusa nu are alte cuvinte rom. atît de vechi, și că în general are foarte puține. Totuși, etimoanele slave propuse nu par posibile, kratŭkŭ fiindcă der. ar fi imposibilă în această formă (Berneker 604) și kračati pentru că se bazează pe o simplă consonanță, fără legătură semantică vizibilă. Ipoteza lui Rosetti, după care creātiōnem „creație” ar fi trecut în sl. ca termen ecleziastic, nu suprimă dificultățile, căci este imposibil de admis, cum o face autorul, că „la langue de l'église a également employé creatio” în loc de Crăciun pentru rațiunile dogmatice expuse. În sfîrșit, sensul de „moarte violentă” sau „moarte în floarea tinereții”, propriu rus., pare a se explica prin rom. crăciuni, vb. (a vărsa sînge, a ucide), datorită obiceiului de a tăia porcul în ajun de Crăciun, cf. ți-a venit Crăciunul, „ți-a sosit ceasul de pe urmă”. Pentru originea rom. a sl. cf. Jagič, Arch. slaw. Phil., II, 610; Schuchardt, Arch. slaw. Phil., IX, 526; Berneker 604; Capidan, Raporturile, 182.Footnotes[1] Korochun - Wikipedia[1] Korochun - Wikipedia[1] Korochun - Wikipedia[1] Korochun - Wikipedia

Originally answered: my “How can we say My name is xyz” in all 22 languagesThere are more than 6,800 languages in the world. Here is “my name is” in more than 250 of them (courtesy of Omniglot):Abkhaz = Сара ... сыхьӡуп (Sara ... syx’źup)Adyghe = СицІэр ...Afrikaans = My naam is ...Albanian (Gheg) = Ẽmni jêm ãsht ... Unê thirrna ...Albanian (Tosk) = Mua më quajnë ... Unë quhem ...Aleut = ... asax̂takuqAklan = Ro ngaean ko si ...Alsatian = Ich heisch ...Altay = Мениҥ адым ... (Meniñ adım...)Amharic = የኔ ስም... ነው (yäne səm ... näw) ስሜ ... ነው። (səme ... näw)Arabic(Modern Standard) = (... ismee) ... اسميAragonese = Me clamo ... Me digo ...Arapaho = ... néé’eesíh’inooArmenian(Eastern) = Անունս ... է: (Anun's ... e.)Armenian(Western) = Անունս... է: (Anoonuhs... e)Assamese = মোৰ নাম ... (mûr nam ...)Asturian = Llámome ...Atikamekw = ... nit icinikasonAymara = Sutijara ... Sutixax ...wa Nayan sutinhaxa ...Azerbaijani = Mənim adım ...Balinese = Tiang ... Wastan titiang ... Adan tiang ...Bambara = Ne tɔgɔ ... Ne jamu ...Basque = ... naiz Nire izena ... daBatak (Toba) = Ia goarhu ...Bavarian = I hoas ... I bin da ... (m) I bin die ... (f)Belarusian = Мяне клічуць ...(Mianie kličuć ...)Bengali = আমার নাম ... (Amar nam ...)Bhojpuri = हमार नाव् ... ह (hamaar naav ... ha)Bikol = Ako si ...Bislama = Nem blong mi ...Bosnian = Zovem se ... Ja sam ....Breton = ... eo ma anvBelarusian = Мяне клічуць ...(Mianie kličuć ...)Bemba = Nine ... Ishina lyandi ni ...Bulgarian = Аз се казвам ... (Az se kazvam ... ), Казвам се ... (Kazvam se ...)Burmese = ကျွန်ေတာ့် ... လို့ေခါ်ပါတယ်။ (cǎnáw ... ló k'aw-ba-deh) m ကျွန်မ ... လို့ေခါ်ပါတယ်။ (cǎmá ... ló k'aw-ba-deh) fCape Verdean Creole = Nha nomi e ...Catalan = Em dic ...Cebuano = Ang akong ngalan kay ... (frm) Ang ngalan nako kay ... ... akong ngalanCentral Dusun = Ngaran ku nopo nga i ...Chabacano de Cavite = Mi nombre ...Chabacano de Zamboanga = Mi nombre es ... Mi nombre ...Chamorro (Guam dialect) = Nå'ån-hu si ...Chechen = Сан цIe ... ю (San ċe ... yu)Cherokee = ... ᏓᏆᏙ (dagwado)Cheyenne = ... ná-heševeheChichewa = Dzina langa ndi ...Chinese(Cantonese) = 我叫做 ... (ngóh giujouh ...)Chinese(Mandarin) = 我姓 ... (wǒ xìng ...) 我叫... (wǒ jiào ...)Chipewyan = Si ... HúshyeChoctaw = Sa hohchifo ut ...Chuukese = Itei ...Chuvash = Епӗ ... йатлӑ. (Epĕ ... jatlă)Cimbrian = Ich pin ganaamet ... Ich hòosse ... Ich rüüfa- mar ...Coastal Kadazan = Ngaan ku zi ... Ngaan ku nopo nga zi ...Comanche = Nʉ nahnia tsa ....Cornish = Ow hanow yw ...Corsican = Mi chjamu ...Cree = ᓂᓯᐦᑲᓱᐣ ... (Nisihkason ...) ᓂᔭ ... (Niya ...) ... ᓂᑎᓯᓂᐦᑳᓱᓐ (... nitisinihkaasun)Croatian = Zovem se ...Crow = Baláshe ... húukCuyonon = ... ang akeng aran Ang akeng aran ay...Czech = Jmenuju se ... Moje jméno je ...Danish = Jeg hedder ...Dari = (Nâme man ... ast) نام من ... است (Esme-man ... ast) اسم من ... استDholuo = Nyinga ...Dutch = Ik heet ... Mijn naam is ...Dzongkha = ངེད་ཀྱི་མིང་...ཨིན། (Nge gi ming ... in)Efik = Ig ietter ...Elfdalian = Ig ietter ...Estonian = Minu nimi on ...Ewe = Nkↄnye nye ...Extremaduran = Me llamu ... So ...Faroese = Eg eiti ...Fijian = Na yacaqu o ...Finnish = Nimeni on ...Flemish (West) = Ik noemn ...French = Je m'appelle ...Frisian (North) = Ik hiitj ...Friulian = Il gno non al è ...Galician = Chámome ... Chámanme...Gascon = Que m'apèri ...Georgian = მე მქვია ... (me mkvia ...)German = Ich heisse ...Greek (Ancient) = Ὄνομα μοι… (Ónopa moi ...)Greek (Modern) = Με λένε ... (Me léne ...) Ονομάζομαι...(Onomázome…) Λέγομαι ... (Légome ...)Greenlandic = ...imik ateqarpungaGuaraní = Che cheréra ... (My given name is ...) Chererajoapy ... (My surname is ...)Gujarati = મારું નામ ..... છે (maru naam ... chhe)Haitian Creole = M rele ... Mwen rele ... Non m se ...Hausa = Sunana ...Hawaiian = ʻO ... koʻu inoaHebrew = (Shmi ...) …שמיHerero = Ena randje owami ...Hindi = मेरा नाम ... है (merā nām ... hai)Hiligaynon = Ang ngalan ko ...Hungarian = A nevem ...Iban = Nama aku ...Icelandic = Ég heiti ...Igbo = Aham bu ...Iloko = Ti naganko ket ... ... ti nagankoIndonesian = Nama saya ... Saya bernama ...Inuktitut = ᐅᕙᖓ ...ᐊᑎᕋ (Uvanga ...atira) ...ᐅᔪᖓ (...ujunga)Iñupiaq = Atira ...Irish = Is mise ... Mise ... ... is ainm domItalian = Mi chiamo ...Jamaican = Mi name ...Japanese = ... だ (... da) (inf) ...です (... desu) (frm)Javanese = ꦤꦩꦶꦏꦸꦭ... (Nami kulạ ...) (Kromo Inggil) ꦗꦼꦤꦼꦁꦏꦸ... (Jenengku ...) (Ngoko)Jenesch =Jèrriais = Man nom est ... Jé sis ... Jé m'appelle ...Kalmyk = Мини нерн ... (Mini nern ...)Kannada = ನನ್ನ ಹೆಸರು ... (nanna hesaru ...)Karuk = ... níthvuuytihKashmiri = मे छु नाव ... (Me ch'u naav ...)Kashubian = Nazéwóm sã ... Jô sã zwiã ... Móm na miono ...Kazakh = Менің атым ... (Meniñ atım ...)Khmer = ខ្ងុំឈ្មោះ ... (khnyŭm chhmoŭh ...)Khoekhoe (Nama) = Ti ǀens ge a ...Kinyarwanda = Nitwa ...Kiribati = Arau ... Arau ngai ...Korean = 제 이름은 ... 입니다 (je ireum-eun ... imnida)Kumyk = Мени атым ... (Meni atım ...)!Kung San = !Kang ya tse ... (m) !Kang ya tsi ... (f)Kurdish (Kurmanji) = Navé mi(n) ... eKyrgyz = Менин атым ... (Menin atym ...)Ladino = (Me yamo ...) מי יאמו...Lakota Sioux = ... emáčiyapiLao = ຂ້ອຍຊື່ ... (kháwy seu ...)Latin = Nomen mihi est ...Latvian = Mani sauc ...Laz = ჩქიმი ჯოხო ... (Çkimi coxo ...)Limburgish = Ich heit ...Lingala = Kombo na ngaï ...Lithuanian = Mano vardas ...Low Saxon = Ik heet ...Lozi = Libizo laka ki ... Ki na ...Luganda = Erinnya lyange nze ...Lule Sámi = Muv namma le ...Luxembourgish = Ech heeschen ...Macedonian = Јас се викам ... (Jas se vikam ...) Моје име је ... (Moje ime je ...)Magahi = हमर नाम ... है (general) /həmər naːm ... hæː/ हमर नाम ... हो (response to question) /həmər na:m ... hoː/Maithili = Hamar naam ... chhiMalagasy = Ny anarako dia ...Malay = Nama saya ...Malayalam = ഞാന്‍ ... (jnān ...) എന്ദെറ പേര് ... ആണ്(ente per ... āṇ)Maldivian = (Aharenge namakee ...) އަހަރެންގެ ނަމަކީ ...Maltese = Jien jisimni ...Mam = ... nb’iya ... we’ nb’iManx (Gaelic) = Ta'n ennym orrym ... Ta ... yn ennym orrym Mish ...Māori = Ko ... ahauMarathi = माझं नाव ... आहे (māzha nāv ... āhe)Marshallese = Eta in ...Mauritian Creole = Mo nom li ...Míkmaq = Taluisi ...Mon = ... သရဏ။Mongolian = Миний нэр ... (Minii ner ...)Mossi = Mam yʋʋr la a ...Nahuatl = Notōcā ... Nehua notōcā ... Ni ...Navajo = Shí éí ... yinishyéNewari / Nepal Bhasa = जिगू नां ... खः।Ndebele (Northern - Zimbabwe) = Mina ngingu ...Ndebele (Southern) = Ibizo lami ngu...Niuean = Ko ... e higoa haakuNepali = मेरो नाम ... हो (mero naam ... ho)Nkore = Ndi ... Iziina ryangye ni ...Nogai = Меним атым ...Northern Sámi = Mu namma lea ...Northern Sotho = Ke nna ...Norwegian = Jeg heter ... (BM) Eg heiter ... (NN)Occitan = Me dison ... Me soni ... M'apèli ...Ojibwe = ... ndizhinikaazOriya = ମୋର ନାମ ... (mora nāma ...)Ossetian = Мæ ном хуыйны ... (Mæ nom xuyjny ...)Palauan = A ngklek a ...Papiamento = Mi nomber ta ... Ami yama ...Pashto = (zama num ... de) زما نون ... دىPawnee = Tâtasa' ...Persian (Farsi) = اسم من ... است. (esm e man ... ast) نام من ... است vfrm - (naam e man ... ast) اسم من ... ه inf - (esm e man ... eh)Plautdietsch = Mien Nome es ...Polish = Mam na imię ... Nazywam się ...Portuguese = Chamo-me ... Eu chamo-me ...Punjabi = ਮੇਰਾ ਨਾਂ ... ਹੈ। میرا ناں ۔۔۔۔ ہے (mērā nā̃ ... he)Quechua = X Sutiymi ... X-qa sutiymi ... Pedroqa sutiymi ...Rapa Nui = Ko ... to'oku 'ingoaRomani = Miro nav si o .... Me bušov/bushov ... Me sem ... Me sim ... Mandi's lav ... (British Romany)Romanian = Mă numesc ...Romansh = Jeu hai num ...Russian = Меня зовут ... (Menja zovut ...)Rusyn = Я ся зву ... (Ja cja zvu ...)Sakha = Мин аатым ... (Min aatɯm ...)Samoan = O lo'u igoa o ...Sango = Irï tî mbï ... Irï tî mbï a yeke ...Sanskrit = अहम् ... (aham ...) मम नाम ... (mama nāma ...)Scots = Ma name's ...Scottish Gaelic = Is mise ...Serbian = Зовем се ... (Zovem se ...)Serrano = Netewan ...Sesotho = Lebitso laka ke ...Shona = Ndinonzi ... Zita rangu i ...Sicilian = Mi chiamu… Mi mìsiru…Sindhi = مُنهِنجو نالو ... آهي (munhinjo naalo ... aahe)Sinhala = මගේ නම ... (magē nama ...)Slovak = Volám sa ...Slovenian = Ime mi je ...Somali = Magacaygu waa ..Sorbian (Lower) = Ja som ... Mójo mě jo ... (frm) Mě se groni ... (inf)Sorbian (Upper) = Moje mjeno je ... Ja sym ... Rěkam ... (inf) Ja rěkam ... (inf)Spanish = Me llamo ...Sundanese = Nami abdi ...Swahili = Jina langu ni ...Swazi = Ligama lami ngu ...Swedish = Jag heter ...Swiss German = I heisse ... Mi name isch ...Tagalog = Ang pangalan ko po ay ... (frm) Ang pangalan ko ay ...(inf)Tahitian = O ... to'u i'oaTajik = Номи ман ... (Nomi man ...)Tamil (formal) = என் பெயர் ... (en peru ...) [ml] [fm]Tamil (informal) = எம் பேர் ... (em per…) [fm]Tatar = İsímím ...Telugu = నా పేరు ... (naa paeru ...)Tetum = Ha'u nia naran ... Men dak narana ...Thai = ผมชื่อ ... (pŏm chêu ...) m เราชื่อ (rao chêu ...) fTibetan = ངའི་མིང་ལ་ ... རེད། (ngay minglâ ... ray)Tigrinya = ስመይ….ይበሃል (simey ... yebehal)Tokelauan = Ko ... toku igoa Ko toku igoa ko ... Ko au ko ...Tok Pisin = Nem bilong mi emi ... Nem bilong mi i ...Tongan = Ko hoku hingoa ko...Tongva (Gabrielino) = Netwaanyan'e ...Tsotsil = Ja' jbi ...Tswana = Leina la me ke ...Tsez = Дāькьо ци ... йолъ (Daǟƛʼo ci ... yoł?)Tsonga = Hi mina ... Vito ra mina i...Tumbuka = Zina lane ndine ...Turkish = İsmim ... (inf/frm) Adım ... (inf/frm)Turkmen = Meniň adym ...Tuvaluan = Toku igoa ko ...Twi = Yɛferɛ me ... Me din de ...Ukrainian = Мене звуть (Mene zvuť ...)Ulch = Мин гэлбуи ...Urdu = ميرا نام ... ہے (mera nam ... hai)Uyghur = مېنىڭ ئىسمىم ... (Menıng ismım ...)Uzbek = Mening ismim ...Venda = Dzina langa ndi ...Venetian = Me ciamo ... Mi, me ciamo ... Gò nòme ...Veps = Minun nimi om ...Vietnamese = Tôi tên là ...Võro = Ma olõ ...Welsh = ... dwi ... ydw iWolof = Maa ngi tudd ... ... laa tuddXhosa = Igama lam ngu ...Yapese = Fithngag ea ...Yiddish = (Ikh heys ...) איך הײס ...Yolngu = Ŋarral garrar ...-puyYoruba = Orukọ mi ni……Zazaki = Namey mi ... o/aZulu = Igama lami ngu...See the online encyclopedia of writing systems and languages for more!

Exposure therapy is any treatment that encourages the systematic confrontation of feared stimuli, which can be external (fear of objects, activities, experiences, or situations) or internal (repetitive fear thoughts or physical sensations). The goal of exposure therapy is to reduce the person’s fearful reaction to the stimulus. The key to create a therapeutic experience with exposure therapy is a gradual process versus overwhelming the senses.Graded exposure vs flooding:A graded approach in which mildly feared stimuli are targeted first, followed by more strongly feared stimuli. This approach involves structuring an exposure hierarchy in which feared stimuli are ranked according to the person’s perceived fear reaction. Higher-level exposures are avoided until the person’s fear subsides for the lower-level exposure.The example of ‘ huge amount of social interaction in school’ is flooding. However, flooding without processing the multi-levels of the 6-senses which create the anxiety is absent. Thus, more socializing in any environment seldom resolves the cause of social anxiety.Some practitioners use flooding, in which the most difficult stimuli are addressed from the beginning of treatment or an older variant, implosive therapy. In practice, these approaches appear equally effective; however, most clinicians choose a graded approach because of the personal comfort level.There is a plethora of research to support the efficacy of exposure therapy, there are some notable limitations of the treatment. Success rates for treatments are difficult to gauge because of different definitions of “success,” however most estimates range from 60% to 90% of treatment completion includes either no remaining symptoms or “sub-clinical symptoms” (meaning if the anxiety were this mild in the first place, the individual could continue to use their own coping strategies).Resorting to the ‘coping strategy’ is coping through life versus living life on one’s terms.Your mental health is your most valuable asset. If you don’t have mental/ emotional and physical health—you live only a meager percent of your full capabilities and potential. Your mental health assists you to focus at work, overcome obstacles, get along with the people you interact with and maintain your physical health. And there are simple, effective tools you can use to support this vital asset.Mental/Emotional, Physical health and wellness is the act of remaining calm and focused while working things through with respect and unconditional intent to find a solution. Ultimately your personal character; personal strength and courage will evolve. To attain wellness requires you to make healthy choices in nutrition, relationships, social contact, work and leisure activities.Healing the Cause of Symptoms IS the Answer:The cause of all mental, emotional and physical symptoms is the result of experience(s) that weren’t recognized as distressful and therefore never processed and released. Discovering and processing the cause of symptoms/diagnoses, is the most efficient and effective protocol to regain your life.When someone comes to me, no matter how dire their predicament seems to be, I KNOW if she/he is WILLING to do the mental/emotional discovery work; releasing and forgiving, anything can be healed. The word ‘incurable’ or ‘impossible’ only means that the particular condition, symptom or diagnoses cannot be ‘cured’ by ‘outer’ methods.A Deep Healing process is a clear, concise and direct method of transforming the mental, emotional and physical symptoms that transcends traditional protocols while retaining a professional focus.The process ties in directly with experiences and needs of the person. It is down-to-earth, to-the-point, practical, fearless and with 30+ years experience and centuries of holistic health care protocol success, I know there is no doubt Deep Healing is effective.I am here only to be truly helpful. I offer a 20-minute FREE, no obligation conversation to answer your questions and explain how the healing process works.About Dr. Dorothy:Dorothy M. Neddermeyer, Ph.D Metaphysican and International Best Selling Author is a recognized authority on bridging Science and Human Potential. Dr. Dorothy provides comprehensive protocols to discover and transform the root cause for issues and diagnoses. Mental, Emotional, Physical and Spiritual Transformation combines creating health while healing past mental, emotional, and physical distress.Sources:1. Kessler RC, Berglund P, Demler O, et al. Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication [published correction appears in Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:768]. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2005;62:593-602.2. Torres AR, Prince MJ, Bebbington PE, et al. Treatment seeking by individuals with obsessive-compulsive disorder from the British Psychiatric Morbidity Survey of 2000. Psychiatr Serv. 2007;58:977-982.3. Mancebo MC, Eisen JL, Pinto A, et al. The brown longitudinal obsessive compulsive study: treatments received and patient impressions of improvement. J Clin Psychiatry. 2006;67:1713-1720.4. Goisman RM, Rogers MP, Steketee GS, et al. Utilization of behavioral methods in a multicenter anxiety disorders study. J Clin Psychiatry. 1993;54:213-218.5. Davison GC. Being bolder with the Boulder model: the challenge of education and training in empirically supported treatments. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1998;66:163-167.6. Crits-Christoph P, Frank E, Chambless DL, et al. Training in empirically validated treatments: what are clinical psychology students learning? Prof Psychol Res Pract. 1995;26:514-522.7. Becker CB, Zayfert C, Anderson E. A survey of psychologists’ attitudes towards and utilization of exposure therapy for PTSD. Behav Res Ther. 2004;42:277-292.8. van Minnen A, Hendriks L, Olff M. When do trauma experts choose exposure therapy for PTSD patients? A controlled study of therapist and patient factors. Behav Res Ther. 2010;48:312-320.9. Becker CB, Darius E, Schaumberg K. An analog study of patient preferences for exposure versus alternative treatments for posttraumatic stress disorder. Behav Res Ther. 2007;45:2861-2873.10. Foa EB, Zoellner LA, Feeny NC, et al. Does imaginal exposure exacerbate PTSD symptoms? J Consult Clin Psychol. 2002;70:1022-1028.11. Foa EB, Hembree EA, Cahill SP, et al. Randomized trial of prolonged exposure for posttraumatic stress disorder with and without cognitive restructuring: outcome at academic and community clinics. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2005;73:953-964.12. Ost LG, Alm T, Brandberg M, Breitholtz E. One vs five sessions of exposure and five sessions of cognitive therapy in the treatment of claustrophobia. Behav Res Ther. 2001;39:167-183.13. Moulds ML, Nixon RD. In vivo flooding for anxiety disorders: proposing its utility in the treatment posttraumatic stress disorder. J Anxiety Disord. 2006;20:498-509.14. Michaliszyn D, Marchand A, Bouchard S, et al. A randomized, controlled clinical trial of in virtuo and in vivo exposure for spider phobia. Cyberpsychol Behav Soc Netw. 2010;13:689-695.15. Meyerbröker K, Emmelkamp PM. Virtual reality exposure therapy in anxiety disorders: a systematic review of process-and-outcome studies. Depress Anxiety. 2010;27:933-944.16. Wolpe J. The systematic desensitization treatment of neuroses. J Nerv Ment Dis. 1961;132:189-203.17. Telch MJ, Lucas JA, Schmidt NB, et al. Group cognitive-behavioral treatment of panic disorder. Behav Res Ther. 1993;31:279-287.18. Schmidt NB, Woolaway-Bickel K, Trakowski J, et al. Dismantling cognitive-behavioral treatment for panic disorder: questioning the utility of breathing retraining. J Consult Clin Psychol. 2000;68:417-424.19. Westra HA, Stewart SH, Conrad BE. Naturalistic manner of benzodiazepine use and cognitive behavioral therapy outcome in panic disorder with agoraphobia. J Anxiety Disord. 2002;16:233-246.20. Norton PJ, Price EC. A meta-analytic review of adult cognitive-behavioral treatment outcome across the anxiety disorders. J Nerv Ment Dis. 2007;195:521-531.21. Tolin DF. Is cognitive-behavioral therapy more effective than other therapies? A meta-analytic review. Clin Psychol Rev. 2010;30:710-720.22. Öst LG. One-session treatment for specific phobias. Behav Res Ther. 1989;27:1-7.23. Barlow DH, Gorman JM, Shear MK, Woods SW. Cognitive-behavioral therapy, imipramine, or their combination for panic disorder: a randomized controlled trial [published corrections appear in JAMA. 2000;284:2450; JAMA. 2000;284:2597]. JAMA. 2000;283:2529-2536.24. Foa EB, Liebowitz MR, Kozak MJ, et al. Randomized, placebo-controlled trial of exposure and ritual prevention, clomipramine, and their combination in the treatment of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Am J Psychiatry. 2005;162:151-161.25. Borkovec TD, Costello E. Efficacy of applied relaxation and cognitive-behavioral therapy in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder. J Consult Clin Psychol. 1993;61:611-619.26. Gerardi M, Cukor J, Difede J, et al. Virtual reality exposure therapy for post-traumatic stress disorder and other anxiety disorders. Curr Psychiatry Rep. 2010;12:298-305.27. Heimberg RG, Liebowitz MR, Hope DA, et al. Cognitive behavioral group therapy vs phenelzine therapy for social phobia: 12-week outcome. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 1998;55:1133-1141.28. Davis M. Role of NMDA receptors and MAP kinase in the amygdala in extinction of fear: clinical implications for exposure therapy. Eur J Neurosci. 2002;16:395-398.29. Norberg MM, Krystal JH, Tolin DF. A meta-analysis of D-cycloserine and the facilitation of fear extinction and exposure therapy. Biol Psychiatry. 2008;63:1118-1126.30. Groves PM, Thompson RF. Habituation: a dual-process theory. Psychol Rev. 1970;77:419-450.31. Lang AJ, Craske MG. Manipulations of exposure-based therapy to reduce return of fear: a replication. Behav Res Ther. 2000;38:1-12.32. Rowe MK, Craske MG. Effects of varied-stimulus exposure training on fear reduction and return of fear. Behav Res Ther. 1998;36:719-734.33. Mowrer OH. Learning Theory and Behavior. New York: John Wiley and Sons; 1960.34. Rachman S. The conditioning theory of fear-acquisition: a critical examination. Behav Res Ther. 1977;15:375-387.35. Lang PJ. The application of psychophysiological methods to the study of psychotherapy and behavior modification. In: Bergin AE, Garfield SL, eds. Handbook of Psychotherapy and Behavior Change. New York: Wiley; 1971:75-125.36. Foa EB, Kozak MJ. Emotional processing of fear: exposure to corrective information. Psychol Bull. 1986;99:20-35.37. Craske MG, Kircanski K, Zelikowsky M, et al. Optimizing inhibitory learning during exposure therapy. Behav Res Ther. 2008;46:5-27.38. Bandura A. Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychol Rev. 1977;84:191-215.39. Wolpe J. The Practice of Behavior Therapy. 4th ed. New York: Pergamon Press; 1990.