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I like working with many clients who have Borderline Personality Disorders. My favorite Borderline clients tend to be fairly high functioning and are warm, lively, and creative. They are also committed to doing the necessary therapy work to help themselves. In addition they have enough inner resources to support themselves between therapy sessions, supplemented with an occassional phone call or email to me. There is a good match between what they need and what I can provideI have given a lot of thought over the years to the question of why so many therapists have a negative opinion of Borderline clients and are reluctant to treat them. Here are some of the problems that these therapists face and find daunting:Inability to meet the client’s needsMany Borderline Clients need more help and resources than most single practitioners can provide. Very few psychotherapists, for example, are prepared to deal with clients who feel so desperate that they repeatedly call their therapist in the middle of the night, or send long rambling texts. This is not uncommon behavior with lower functioning Borderline clients.Fear that the client will self-harmIt is hard to assess whether these clients are likely to hurt themselves—take an overdose of drugs or attempt suicide—or are just lonely and feel awful. Some of these clients have very few sources of positive support and only can afford to come to private therapy once per week. There is a huge gap between what the client wants and needs and what the therapist can provide.Most psychotherapists are not trained to treat Borderline clientsMost clients are unaware that most mental health professional have no training in the diagnosis and treatment of personality disorders. It is considered an advanced speciality that requires additional years of post-graduate training.Unless a psychotherapist has been trained how to appropriately intervene with Borderline clients, they are unlikely to be successful with them. No therapists wants to fail to help their clients. After a while, some therapists start to avoid knowingly taking on any Borderline clients because they have had so little success with them.Only the lowest functioning and most difficult clients with BPD are likely to get the diagnosisIn essence, ten clients can suffer from classic BPD issues—feelings of emptiness, rage, and inadequacy; difficulty with organizing their life and completing projects; difficulty with self-care; inability to self soothe and manage their emotions appropriately; impulsive attachments to inappropriate people; search for reparenting; and fear of abandonment—and usually ONLY the lowest functioning ones who create problems for other people will be given the diagnosis.Insurance reimbursement and Diagnostic ManualsIn order for clients to get reimbursed by their insurance, therapists have to give them a diagnosis code from a Diagnostic Manual. These manuals primarily list behaviors that can be described, their frequency, and their duration. They do not talk about the motives for the behaviors.This means that Borderline clients who can control their observable behaviors—while suffering internally from the same Borderline issues as those clients who demonstrate more obvious behaviors—are unlikely to ever get the correct diagnosis and the appropriate treatment.In addition, by limiting the diagnosis to lower functioning clients with more problems and less control, this perpetuates the mistaken notion that all Borderline clients are like that.Insulting sounding teminologyMany of the terms that psychologists use to describe Borderline clients’ behavior are not intended to be insulting. They have specialized meanings that are not in common usage. Let’s take “Acting-Out,” for example.Acting-Out: This refers to enacting one’s feelings instead of putting them into words. Much of the psychotherapy of Borderline disorders is done by artfully and sensitively interrupting the clients’ enactment of their feelings (acting-out), and then encouraging them to try to identify what they are feeling. When clients are “acting-out,” the feeling is often hidden below the level of awareness. When the enacting stops, clients can become aware of and then can verbalize these feelings to the therapist.Example: The client is trying to lose weight, but cannot because when she limits her eating, her underlying anxiety starts to surface. One could say she was eating her feelings. When she finally joined Weight Watchers and stopped binge eating, she suddenly started talking about being date raped in her teens and how ashamed this had made her feel. This event had haunted her for years, but had never surfaced before in her therapy.Example: The client misses two therapy sessions instead of coming to therapy and talking about her feelings, which turn out to be: “I am starting to not want to come for my sessions. I don’t want to have to deal with confronting my life-long pattern of avoiding things—so I avoided coming here and telling you that.”Summary: Many psychotherapists do not have the temperament or training to work with Borderline clients. This is not the client’s fault. The fact that only the most difficult clients ever get the BPD diagnosis fuels the myth that all Borderline clients are difficult to treat, which further discourages psychotherapists from taking them on as clients.Elinor Greenberg, PhD, CGPIn private practice in NYC and the author of the book: Borderline, Narcissistic, and Schizoid Adaptations: The Pursuit of Love, Admiration, and Safety.www.elinorgreenberg.com

What is Brexit?Brexit is the UK’s exit from the European Union. It follows a referendum result on 23 June 2016, in which a majority of those who voted opted to leave the European Union.Why is it so important?Brexit is the UK’s biggest peacetime government project. It means possible domestic economic reconfiguration, risks creating further social divisions as well as requiring political readjustments on relationships between the executive and parliament. There are also implications on the devolved settlement between the UK as a whole and at least two of the four constituent UK nations.The UK government’s stated aim is to take the UK out of the world’s largest single market and world’s largest customs union (both by GDP and participating countries). The UK government intends to have all alternative trading, regulatory, legal and supporting technological arrangements in place and functioning by 31 December 2020. While the UK intends to leave the EU on 29 March 2019, there will be replacement temporary transition arrangements which creates this 31 December 2020 deadline.The extent of the UK’s current membership of the EU is reflected in the number of issues which need to be resolved so that the UK is operationally ready for Brexit.These include the UK’s land border with the Republic of Ireland, domestic public regulatory bodies, trade, the environment, international aviation, radioactive materials, cross border data transfer, security co-operation, fishing, farming, Gibraltar and the legal rights of citizens. All these matters need to be assessed, re-negotiated and supported by new appropriate administrative policies. New international treaties may also be needed.In pursuit of Brexit, the UK government is introducing over half a dozen new pieces legislation, some of which grants ministers wide-ranging new powers to manage and transpose EU regulations into UK domestic law. Thousands of new civil servants are being recruited while billions pounds of new money is being spent on new administrative duties.Brexit involves every single aspect of government. The entire project has the potential to affect every household and every business across the United Kingdom.Meanwhile, the UK government are involved in rounds of negotiations with the rest of the EU. Negotiations will contribute to an international financial settlement, new legal relationships, an international Brexit withdrawal treaty, and future trade deals.What will its impact be on world economy?Minimal.Less than 10% of the EU’s trade is with the UK. In fact, UK trade represents less than 4% of the global total.After the entire Brexit process is concluded, the UK government will be looking to sign trade deals with countries outside the EU including the USA, India, China and Australia. Though it remains be seen if these other countries will reciprocate and prioritise accordingly. For these countries, the EU is a bigger market.My concern is that the UK government are in a difficult position. It’s too late to stop Brexit and there probably isn’t enough time to implement the government’s preferred version of it. [1]Footnotes[1] No time left to stop Brexit, not enough time to do Brexit.

I just saw this question and hope to provide some additional information you may find helpful:Your question is impossible to answer in it’s current form. Student Visa for Undergraduate Students have different work conditions to PhD students (for example undergraduate student visas typically allow the holder to work for up to 20 hours a week while students studying towards higher qualifications can work full-time). Given this, I provide the below as general information for Visa holders rather than specific advice. Before you rely on the below information you should discuss it with your lawyer or immigration adviser to determine whether it applies to your particular situation.In terms of working for a company while on a student visa, INZ may begin to question whether you are a bona fide student visa holder. These apply to every visa and the general thrust of the assessment is whether your current visa is your true purpose for being in New Zealand. For example, if you enter on a visitor class visa but intend to spend visiting a partner you are not a true visitor to New Zealand. This is due to the fact that your primary purpose is not to visit but to spend time with your partner.INZ could ask questions regarding your purpose in New Zealand and they could ask questions regarding the hours of work you are performing for your business (i.e. to determine whether you have breached your student visa conditions).If INZ finds you have breached your student visa conditions they can require you to explain why or proceed straight to issuing a deportation liability notice.In future Visa applications INZ could require you to prove that you intend to stay only for a ‘temporary’ time. With strong ties to New Zealand it may be difficult to prove you truly intend a temporary stay.With any legal issue it is important to seek appropriate advice early in the process. I often advise my clients that an hour spent early on to determine your legal rights can save thousands of dollars in appeals later. You should note in New Zealand the only people that can provide immigration advice are Licensed Immigration Advisors and Lawyers that hold a current practicing certificate.