January 2016 Canada Calendar With Holidays. Canada Calendar With Holidays: Fill & Download for Free

China facts – Interesting Fact About China That Will Blow Your MindWeird table mannersSomething that you have to avoid in most countries in the world is totally acceptable in China. This fact about China is just like in Vietnam, spitting, yawning, grunting and burping are normal behavior when you eat in China.For us, it was extremely disgusting and we couldn’t get used to it. Maybe if we stay in this country a little bit longer, it would be easier for us to tolerate it.World’s most populated countryChina is the most populated country in the world (with more than billion people in 2016).Here’s what this fact about China REALLY means:The population of China is more than 4 times bigger than the population of the USOne in every 5 humans is ChineseChinese is the most popular language on the world (based on the number of native speakers)14% of people in the world speak ChineseOne of the biggest countries in the worldIn contrary to most people think, China is not the biggest country in the world.It’s 4th after Russia, Canada and the United States.Russia is almost 2 times bigger than China!If you are wondering where is China located in the world, it’s located in Eastern Asia.Do you know the official name of China? It’s actually “People’s Republic of China”. Also, do you know China capital and currency? The Chinese capital is Beijing and the local currency is Renminbi.World’s largest armyThe Chinese army has the biggest number of soldiers in the world (more than 2 million people).Just to compare- it’s the same as the population of Paris or Budapest.Panda ownersThe next China fun fact is that China is the owner of all pandas. Literally, all of them! Every single panda that lives on this world belongs to China. All China pandaslive in Chengdu, the capital city of Sichuan, and taking one ofthe most popular ChengduPanda tours with a localtravel agency is a must when you are visiting this region.If you see a panda in other countries, it means it is lent from PRC (People’s Republic of China). What’s interesting, when a baby panda is born, it is sent to China (always by FedEx) to help expand the gene pool.Traffic jam businessChina is the most populated country in the world. No wonder they have huge traffic jam problems.What to do when you are late for your meeting and you are stuck in a traffic jam? You are calling the bottleneck rescuers! Two guys will come to you on a motorbike. One will drive you whenever you want and the other will take your place in a car.Clever, huh?Relics of the pastIt is unbelievable but 35 million Chinese people still live in caves!They don’t have enough money for building a house, so they are using caves as their shelters.Late sunrisesThe next China fun fact is that it’s a huge country with only one-time zone! That’s why in some places the sun rises even at 10AM.In the past, China has 5 different time zones. But in 1949 the Communist Party leaders decided to set one time for the whole country. Since then, everybody is using an official Beijing time.Chinese New Year’s fiestaChinese New Years is the biggest holiday in China. It is celebrated in January or February and it’s the real holiday for everybody. Almost nobody is working, everyone is going back home to celebrate this happy time with their families.Chinese New Years celebration lasts for 15 days!Nothing can be compared to this. It’s really unusual that the whole country is having a holiday for such a long time.What’s interesting, Chinese New Years is celebrated in many other countries in the world. Considering the huge population of China, it is very likely that the Chinese New Year is even more popular than Christmas! It’s a traditional Chinese holiday you should experience once in your lifetime.Let’s talk about Chinese new year greetings to help you figure out what to say on this traditional Chinese holiday.Chinese New Year greetings go like this: “Xin Nian Kuai Le” which basically means “Happy Chinese New Year”.Another Chinese new year greetings would be like this: “Gong Xi Fa Cai” which means “Happy Lunar New Year”.Here are a couple of fun facts about the Chinese new year calendar:In the Chinese new year calendar, the Chinese New Year Date always changes.The Chinese new year calendar also has a zodiac animal each year.Births restrictionChina is the only country in the world where the reproduction is limited. Until 2015 Chinese couples could have only 1 child. For more than a year now, they can have 2 children.It’s actually an extremely interesting subject for us, so we wrote another post about one-child policy in China. You can read it here.The empire of pigsHalf of the pigs on the world belong to China! On an average day, Chinese people consume 1.7 million pigs.If you want to get snacks from all over the world directly to your home—> click here.Ice creams inventorsWho doesn’t love ice creams? We can eat this delicious dessert thanks to China. It is believed that they first made it more than 4000 years ago by mixing milk, rice mixture with the snow.Medical geniusesNowadays, we all know that the blood is circulating in our veins. But it wasn’t so obvious in the past.European scientist William Harvey was proud to announce this in 1628. He didn’t know that Chinese people discovered it… more than 2000 years before him!Mathematical geniusesIt isn’t a big secret that Chinese people are one of the best mathematics in the world.History of mathematics in China dates back to 11th century BC! Thanks to China we know today the decimal and binary systems, geometry and algebra.Architectural geniusesIt is a commonly known fact that the world’s biggest man-made structure is situated in China. The Great Wall is not visible from the space but it’s still impressively long- 8,850 km (5,500 miles).The most famous imperial palace in China called The Forbidden City has more than 9,000 rooms! This is definitely one of the traditional Chinese places you should visit while in China.Gods of warChinese people war the first to use gas and chemical weapons during the war.European did the same… 2,000 years after them! These kinds of weapons were used during World War II.When it comes to WWII, it’s worth to mention that Shanghai in China was the world’s only port that was accepting Jews running away from the Holocaust without an entry visa.Another interesting fact about Chinese war skills is that they invented kites to frighten their enemies more than 3,000 years ago.The longest continuous civilization on the worldLast but not least- China is the world’s longest continuous civilization. It began about 6,000 BC and last until today.Here are a few Ancient China facts:Ancient China had the longest lasting empire in history.The Last Emperor of China became ruler when he was still a toddler – he was only 3 years old.The four greatest inventions of Ancient China are Gunpowder, paper, printing and the compass.Chinese Grammar is actually not that complicatedChinese grammar can seem complicated, but it can also be basically simplified Chinese. To give you an example, in the Chinese grammar the verb tenses don’t dramatically change which makes it easier.Let’s discuss a few simplified Chinese words to help you get around:Hello in Chinese: Ni HaoBye in Chinese: ZàijiànGood night in Chinese: Wan’ānHere are a few other words in simplified Chinese:Cool in Chinese: LiángFun in Chinese: KāiwánxiàoChinese New Year in Chinese: Zhōngguó xīnniánChina is known for its unique hotelsBook a unique hotel and make the most of China while you’re there.Located in Shanghai, The Waterhouse At South Bund provides a unique experience. With its ancient vibes and its modern twists, you will likely enjoy your stay Check out the latest prices for—> The Waterhouse At South Bund.Located in Beijing, the Commune by the Great Wall is the perfect spot for those who want to enjoy luxury surrounded by nature.Located in Shenzhen, Yideng Theme Hotel provides themed rooms. Some of them are pretty quirky and unique.Many websites are blocked in ChinaIf you think you can scroll down your Facebook feed in the evening, while you are in China you are wrong.Facebook, Google, YouTube and many other world’s biggest websites are blocked in China.What’s the reason? Chinese government wants to control the information that are uploaded and downloaded in the country. That’s why the websites used by Chinese should also be own by Chinese.It’s easy to bypass the Great Firewall of China though. If you want to know how, check out this post.Silk Road is world’s oldest and longest trade routeDid you know that the Silk Road is the oldest, longest and most popular trade route in the world?The majority of the Silk Road belongs to China’s territory of 9,597 million km2, and Silk Road is 2,485 miles (4,000 kilometers) long and extends across the entire area of China. The road starts from Beijing and is a connection to East and Southeast Asia with East Africa, West Asia, and Southern Europe.History records that the beginning of the Silk Road started in the Han Dynasty period and the road was closed for trade during the Ottoman Empire.The road has an interesting name “Silk,” and for many, it is an association that traded only with silk, but it does not. The name for the first time was spanned by the German geographer and historian Ferdinand Von Richthofen when he wanted to describe his journey along the Silk Road.It’s believed that not only silk from the East to the West was traded, but various goods were traded as well: from animals, porcelain, precious stones, gold, silver, teas, carpets, even slaves.Silk Road exists today but is not used for trading, it is one of the top-rated tourist attractions in China because of the long Silk Road tours that allow you to experience ancient China.China has invested vast amounts of money in training the way to be acceptable for tourist purposes. And it really has great success.Chinese travel agencies offer many interesting Silk Road Tours that include visiting breathtaking destinations that are part of the Silk Road. Also, there are tour packages where includes riding camels in the desert and that brings a fantastic experience. To go on the road where many years ago were the most critical trade route, and the feeling that you are part of that road today is the most beautiful experience ever.Whenever you have the chance to go on a Silk Road tour in China, do not miss it.

The answer to this question depends on the country that you live in as different have different labor law standards. I live in Canada and so my answer will naturally hinge on Canadian standards. However, I will do my best to touch on some other countries. But, let's begin with Canada:The intent of the casual leave is to enable an employee to take time off from his/her duty to meet an unforeseen, urgent or important need. However, this should not be frequently taken leave. It should not be misconstrued either as a matter of right or allowed as an excuse for absence without notice repeatedly. Employees are entitled to up to three full days of job-protected unpaid sick leave every calendar year, whether they are employed on a full or part-time basis. There is no pro-rating of the three-day entitlement. Employees can take the leave in part days, full days or in periods of more than one dayMost employees have the right to take up to three days of unpaid job-protected leave each calendar year due to personal illness, injury or medical emergency. This is known as sick leave. Special rules apply to some occupations.Employees are entitled to up to three sick leave days per year once they have worked for an employer for at least two consecutive weeks. An employee who missed part of a day to take the leave would be entitled to any wages they actually earned while working.Illness, injury or medical emergencyAn employee can take sick leave for illnesses, injuries and medical emergencies for themselves. It does not matter whether the illness, injury or medical emergency was caused by the employee or by external factors beyond their control. For example, an employee who sprained their ankle while showing off to friends when waterskiing would still be entitled to sick leave, even though the injury may have been a result of their own carelessness.Generally, employees are entitled to take the leave for pre-planned (elective) surgery if it is for an illness or injury, even though it is scheduled ahead of time and not a medical “emergency.”Employees cannot take the leave for cosmetic surgery that isn’t medically necessary or is unrelated to an illness or injury.Contracts that provide paid or unpaid sick leaveIf an employment contract, including a collective agreement, provides a greater right or benefit than the sick leave standard under theEmployment Standards ActESA), then the terms of the contract apply instead of the standard.If the contract does not provide a greater right or benefit, then the sick leave standard in theESAapplies to the employee. However, if an employment contract provides for something similar to sick leave (for example, paid “sick days”), and if the employee takes the leave under the employment contract, the employee is considered to have also taken sick leave under theESA.ExampleA contract only provides for one paid personal sick day per year. It does not include job-protected time off for any other reason. This contract does not provide a greater right or benefit than the sick leave provisions. This means that the employee is entitled to three days of job-protected sick leave per the calendar year.If the employee takes one paid sick day off under the employment contract, the employee has also taken one sick leave day under theESA. That means the employee would have two sick leave days left in the calendar year under theESA, and no more paid sick days under the employment contract. The paid sick day counts against both the employment contract entitlements and against theESAit's sick leave entitlement. This is true whether the leave under the contract of employment is paid or unpaid.Interaction with other leavesSick leave, family responsibility leave, bereavement leave, family caregiver leave, family medical leave, domestic or sexual violence leave, critical illness leave, child death leave, and crime-related child disappearance leave are different types of leaves. The purposes of the leaves, their length and eligibility criteria are different. See the other chapters of this Guide for more information on each leave.An employee may be entitled to more than one leave for the same event. Each leave is separate and the right to each leave is independent of any right an employee may have to the other leave(s). This means that a single absence can only count against one statutory leave, even if the event that triggered it is a qualifying event under more than one leave.Length of sick leaveEmployees are entitled to up to three full days of job-protected unpaid sick leave every calendar year, whether they are employed on a full or part-time basis.There is no pro-rating of the three-day entitlement. An employee who begins work partway through a calendar year is still entitled to three days of leave for the rest of that year.Employees cannot carry over unused sick leave days to the next calendar year. The three days of leave do not have to be taken consecutively. Employees can take leave in part days, full days or in periods of more than one day. If an employee takes only part of a day as sick leave, the employer can count it as a full day of leave.Example: Part-day sick leaveVal comes to work as usual but develops a severe migraine in the early afternoon. She leaves work to go home, rest and take medication.Val has the right to be on sick leave for the half-day. Her employer does not have to count the absence as a full day of leave, but can if they want.The employer is only allowed to count the half-day absence as a full day of leave when determining if Val’s three-day entitlement has been used up. The employer, for example, still must pay Val for the half day that she worked, and has to include the hours worked to determine whether she worked overtime, or reached her daily or weekly limit on hours of work.Notice requirementsGenerally, an employee must inform the employer before starting the leave that he or she will be taking a sick leave of absence.If an employee has to begin the leave before notifying the employer, the employee must inform the employer as soon as possible after starting it. The notice does not have to be given in writing. Oral notice is sufficient.While an employee is required to tell the employer in advance before starting a leave (or, if this is not feasible, as soon as possible after starting the leave), the employee will not lose the right to take the leave if they fail to do so.Proof of entitlementAn employer may require an employee to provide evidence “reasonable in the circumstances” that they are eligible for sick leave.What will be reasonable in the circumstances will depend on all of the facts of the situation, such as the duration of the leave, whether there is a pattern of absences, whether any evidence is available and the cost of the evidence.Medical notesAn employer may require an employee to provide a medical note from a health practitioner such as a doctor, nurse practitioner or psychologist when the employee is taking the leave because of personal illness, injury or medical emergency if it is “reasonable in the circumstances”.However, the employer can ask only for the following information:the duration or expected duration of the absencethe date the employee was seen by a health care professionalwhether the patient was examined in person by the health care professional issuing the noteEmployers cannot ask for information about the diagnosis or treatment of the employee’s medical condition.Rights during leaveEmployees who take sick leave are entitled to the same rights as employees who take pregnancy or parental leave. For example, employers cannot threaten, fire or penalize in any way an employee who takes or plans on taking sick leave. See “Rights for employees taking pregnancy and parental leaves” in the “Pregnancy and parental leave” chapter of this guide.Special rules regarding sick leaveProfessional employeesCertain professionals may not take sick leave where it would constitute an act of professional misconduct or a dereliction of professional duty (e.g. health practitioners). For a list of professions to which this special rule applies, please refer to the guide to special rules and exemptions.Now let’s look at a country like India. If you live there, it is important to know that:Casual Leave, Earned Leave, Sick Leave: Leaves in IndiaEmployees, across all industries in India, are entitled to a certain number of leaves per year aside from the holidays and days off. The number and type of leave depend on the industry, employer and state you are in under the Factories Act and State’s shop and establishment act. Every state has different leave entitlement and leave policies which are the basis for leave policy of your company. In India, three types of leaves are generally followed namely earned leave, sick leave and casual leave which an employee can avail without loss of pay.Casual leave is provided to take care of urgent and unseen matters like a child has fallen down in school and you get a call from the school.Sick leave is provided in case an employee gets sick.Privilege leave or Earned Leave is provided for planned long leaves for the purpose of travel, vacation, etc.General Overview of LeavesCommencement of Leave Period is calendar year i.e 1st January to 31st December every year. All regular employees are entitled to around 27 days leave in a year. Holiday List is provided at the beginning of the calendar year. Generally, all State Legislations has common provision for leaves usually at least seven holidays for national and other festivals. Republic day, Independence Day and Mahatma Gandhi’s birthday are compulsory holidays. Employer and Employees can decide the remaining national and festival holidays. Hence Diwali holiday in Karnataka is usually on Narak-Chaturdashi(second day) while in Delhi it is on Laxmi Pooja day. Minimum 7 days casual leave and 14 days sick leave is provided to employeesAn employee needs to apply for each leave and take approval except in cases where approval could not be taken in advance usually for casual or sick leaves. Grant of leave shall depend upon the policies of the workplace and is at the discretion of the manager/management. There is no set rule for which leave to be approved and not approved. The employer can refuse the leave application, if not satisfied with the reason for leave. It depends from reason to reason, manager to manager.Prorate means in proportion. For new joiners & resigned employees, one gets pro-rated leaves. So if one works half a year, one is entitled to just half of the leaves.Usually, All leaves with pay are excluding weekly off and holidays. For example, if an employee takes leave from Saturday to Monday where Sunday is weekly off then Sunday should not be counted as leave. Hence only 2 leaves should be counted. If an employee is on leave for the whole month (30 days) which includes 4 weekly off and 1 holiday then the employee should be considered on leave for 25 days only. But then it depends on the Shop and Establishment Act of the state.Service conditions to get better for bank staff; coming, leave policyTOPICSpublic sector bankRELATEDBank employees to get a 15% increase in salaryEmployees will also get a 15% hike in salary under the new wage agreementBank employees, especially from the public sector, are likely to see service conditions improve substantially. A host of service condition improvements are being considered by management, including a “Leave Bank” system, privilege leaves four times a year (against three times now), six months maternity leave for adoption of a child (two months now), and paternity leave. This is in addition to getting a 15 percent hike in salary under the industry-wide wage settlement agreement signed recently.Under the ‘Leave Bank’ system, employees can voluntarily donate a part of their entitled leave to a common pool. The “Leave Bank” will sanction leave with salary to employees who are compelled to be on prolonged leave due to the treatment of major diseases or accidents and other contingencies beyond their control and where such employees have exhausted all their leave.Management approvalIf the proposed improvement in service conditions are approved by bank management under the aegis of the Indian Banks’ Association, then to avail privilege leave (PL), 15 days notice would be sufficient (against 30 days now). PL could be accumulated up to 270 days against the existing ceiling of 240 days.Extraordinary leave for male employees (without pay) could be sanctioned up to a maximum of 720 days during the entire service as against the existing ceiling of 12 months. Employees could be granted special sick leave with salary for a maximum period of 30 days while on hospitalization for a donation of a kidney or any other organ.Maternity leave facility will be available to a biological mother in cases where the child is born through surrogacy. Employees can also get special leave for sports activities, trekking, and mountaineering, among others.According to Vishwas Utagi, General Secretary, Maharashtra State Bank Employees Federation, the bank unions and the Indian Banks’ Association want to ensure that employees have a proper work-life balance and can comfortably attend to personal exigencies.Additional holidays Under a deal cobbled together by bank trade unions and bank management on February 23, employees, mostly from the public sector, will get a 15 percent wage hike and two additional holidays a month as part of an industry-wide wage settlement.The proposed hike will amount to a collective outgo of ₹4,725 crore a year for the 45 banks that are part of the 10th industry-wide bipartite five-year wage (2012-17) settlement exercise. Almost 8.50 lakh employees – all in public sector banks, some old generation private sector banks and a few foreign banks – are expected to benefit from the wage settlement. The revised salary will be implemented with retrospective effect from November 1, 2012.:The United States has a bit of difference to the countries above. Currently, there are no federal legal requirements for paid sick leave. For companies subject to the Family and Medical Leave Act (FMLA), the Act does require unpaid sick leave. FMLA provides for up to 12 weeks of unpaid leave for certain medical situations for either the employee or a member of the employee's immediate family. In many instances paid leave may be substituted for unpaid FMLA leave.Employees are eligible to take FMLA leave if they have worked for their employer for at least 12 months, and have worked for at least 1,250 hours over the previous 12 months, and work at a location where at least 50 employees are employed by the employer within 75 miles. However, I am going to provide an article of what seems to be available in some states:ArizonaAs of July 1, 2017, Arizona employees gain eligibility or accrue hours for paid sick leave. The Fair Wages and Health Families Act mandates that full-time, part-time, and seasonal employees be granted paid sick leave. Workers will earn one hour of leave for every 30 hours worked. Employers with 15 or fewer employees must provide 24 hours of paid sick leave each year. Those with more than 15 employees must provide 40 hours each year.Paid time off may be used for medical care related to mental or physical illnesses, injuries, and health conditions. It may also be granted to those caring for ill family members, who are defined by the law to be blood-related. An array of other health-related conditions and related court appearances are covered as well.If time is not used, sick leave can be cashed out or rolled over at the employer’s discretion. Only 40 hours per week are required. This does not apply to employees who are let go.CaliforniaIn California, a state law mandating paid sick leave fully went into effect on July 1, 2015. This new law provides employees who work in California for 30 or more days within a year from the beginning of employment with paid sick leave. Employees, including part-time and temporary employees, will earn at least one hour of paid leave for every 30 hours worked. An employer may limit the amount of paid sick leave an employee can use in one year to 24 hours or three days. Accrued paid sick leave may be carried over to the next year, but it may be capped at 48 hours or six days. However, this law will not apply to employees covered by qualifying collective bargaining agreements, In-Home Supportive Services providers, and certain employees of air carriers.Emeryville, CaliforniaEffective July 1, 2015, Emeryville’s city ordinance requires paid sick leave for most employees working within the city limits. Employees of small businesses (55 or fewer employees) may accrue 48 hours of paid sick leave a year, and employees of large businesses (56 or more employees) may accrue up to 72 hours a year. Employees may use the paid sick leave to care for their own illness or condition, a family member’s illness or condition, or their designated individual. Additionally, the employee can use this leave to care for a service dog.Oakland, CaliforniaOakland employees accrue paid sick leave at the rate of one hour for every hour worked. Small businesses (fewer than ten employees) may cap accrued sick leave at forty hours, and all other businesses may cap accrued sick leave at seventy-two hours. Employees may use their leave to care for themselves or an immediate or extended family member. Additionally, employees who do not have a spouse or registered domestic partner are given a ten-day designation period after accruing the first hour of sick leave in order to designate an individual they would like to be covered under this policy.San Francisco, CaliforniaUnder the San Francisco Paid Sick Leave Ordinance, employers must provide paid sick leave to every employee who performs work either full or part-time in San Francisco. Paid sick time begins to accrue 90 days after the employee’s first day of work. Employees earn 1 hour of paid sick leave for every 30 hours of work. Sick leave is calculated in hour-unit increments, not in fractions of an hour. For employers with less than 10 employees, the required paid sick leave is capped at 40 hours. For employers with 10 or more employees, paid sick leave is capped at 72 hours. Sick leave time earned does not expire and carries over to the next year. However, an employee can use as many sick leave hours in one year as they wish, so long as they have not reached the total cap. Sick leave can be taken for illness, injury or to seek medical treatment or diagnosis for the employee, a family member or other designated person. If the employee does not have a spouse or registered domestic partner, they may designate one person. An employee may change the designated person once per year within 10 days from when the sick leave begins to accrue.ConnecticutIn Connecticut, employers who employ 50 or more people in any one quarter of the previous year must provide 1 hour of paid sick leave for every 40 hours worked by a service worker up to 40 hours per year. Part-time employees are covered by this law. The sick leave only accrues with actual hours worked (sick or other leave and vacation time are not included). Employees can carry over up to 40 unused accrued sick leave hours to the next year, but no employee can use more than 40 hours in any calendar year. Non-profit and certain other employers are except this law. For a list of exempt employers and list of all individuals who are considered service workers go to the Connecticut Department of Labor.MassachusettsEffective July 15, 2015, Massachusetts employers with more than 10 employees must provide 1 hour of guaranteed sick leave for every 30 hours worked, not to exceed 40 hours per year. Employees can use this time if they are ill, injured, or need to attend to a medical condition for themselves, a spouse, a child, or a parent. Employers with 10 or fewer employees are not required to provide paid sick leave, but they must provide unpaid sick leave under the same circumstances.OregonIn Oregon, a state law mandating paid sick leave will go into effect on January 1, 2016. This new law will require most employers with 10 employees or more to provide employees with 1 hour of paid sick leave for every 30 hours worked up to 40 hours a year. It will also require employers with fewer than 10 employees to provide up to 40 hours a year of unpaid sick leave. Employees can use this time if they are ill, injured, or need to attend to a medical condition for themselves, or a family member (as defined by OFLA- the Oregon Family Leave Act); for any purposes allowed under OFLA; for any purpose under the Oregon domestic violence, harassment, sexual assault, or stalking law; or in the event of a public health emergency or event where the employer excludes the employee from the workplace for health reasons.Portland, OregonIn Portland, an employer must provide full-time, part-time and temporary employees to accrue 1 hour of protected sick time for every 30 hours worked, not to exceed 40 hours per week. For employers with more than 5 employees, this sick time must be paid. For employers with 5 or fewer employees, the sick time must accrue but does not have to be paid. Sick time can be used to cover all or part of a shift. It can be used to care for health issues of the employer or a family member or domestic and sexual violence issues for the employee or their family members.District of ColumbiaIn. D.C., certain employees qualify for paid sick leave. To qualify, the employee must have worked for the employer for 1 year without a break in service, not including regular holiday, sick or personal leave granted by the employer, and has worked at least 1000 hours immediately preceding the requested sick leave. This law specifically excludes independent contractors, students, health care workers participating in a premium pay program, and wait staff and bartenders who work for a combination of wages and tips. Employers with 100 or more employees must provide eligible employees 1 hour of paid sick leave for every 37 hours worked, not to exceed 7 days per year. Employers with 25-99 employees must give employees 1 hour paid sick leave for every 43 hours worked, not to exceed 5 days a year. Employees with less than 25 employees must provide 1 hour of paid sick leave for every 87 hours worked, not to exceed 3 days per year. The sick leave can be used for physical or mental illness, injury or medical condition, or to obtain medical diagnosis or preventative care for the employee, their child, parent, spouse, domestic partner or another family member. This can also be used for services related to stalking, domestic violence or sexual abuse for any of those individuals. Under this law, a family member includes parents, parents-in-law, foster and grandchildren, children’s spouses, siblings, siblings’ spouses and any person who has shared a residence and committed relationship with the employee for the preceding 12 months or more.VermontOn, February 3, 2016, the Vermont Senate passed a bill requiring most employers to provide paid sick leave to their employees. After consolidating this version of the bill with a similar version passed by the House, Vermont Governor Shumlin signed the legislation into law on March 9the, 2016, making Vermont the fifth state to implement a paid sick leave law. Employees (who work for employers who employ five or more people) will accrue one hour of paid time off for every 52 hours worked. Additionally, the bill provides a compliance grace period for new businesses. Employers may limit the accrual of sick days, but must allow accrual up to at least three paid sick days per year in the first two years, and five paid sick days per year after that. In addition to a small business exception, the paid sick leave requirement will not apply to federal employees, employees under 18, temporary workers scheduled to work up to 20 weeks, and certain state, school, and healthcare employees. For a more detailed description of these exceptions see § 481(5) of the bill. The full text of the bill can be found at the Vermont legislature website.New Jersey cities of Bloomfield, East Orange, Irvington, Montclair, Newark, Passaic, Patterson, and TrentonAll private sector workers employed in these cities are entitled to paid sick leave. Those employees who are covered by the law will accrue paid sick leave at the rate of 1 hour per every 30 hours worked. Generally, employers with fewer than 10 employees may cap accrued sick leave at 24 hours per year, and employers with 10 or more employees may cap accrued sick leave at 40 hours per year. However, child care workers, home health care workers, and food service workers can only be capped at 40 hours per year regardless of their employer’s size. Covered employees may use their accrued leave for their own illness or condition, for a family member’s, or in the case of a public health emergency.Jersey City, New JerseyIn Jersey City, private sector employees who work for employers with more than 10 employees earn 1 hour of paid sick leave for every 30 hours worked, not to exceed 40 hours per year. Employers with less than 10 employees are not required to provide paid sick leave but must allow employees to earn 1 hour of unpaid sick leave for every 30 hours worked, not to exceed 40 hours a year. The right to sick leave is not affected by whether an employer works full or part-time. However, this law does not affect collective bargaining agreements.Seattle, WashingtonIn Seattle, all employers with more than 4 full-time equivalent employees must provide full-time, part-time, and temporary workers with paid sick leave. The paid sick leave can be used to deal with illness, injury or health condition of the employee, or a family member (including domestic partners), when their place of business has been closed for public health reasons or for reasons related to domestic or sexual violence or stalking. Employees with more than 4 but less than 50 employees must provide 1 hour paid sick leave for every 40 hours worked, not to exceed 40 hours per year. Up to 40 hours of paid sick leave can be carried over to the next calendar year. Employers with 50-249 employees must provide 1 hour paid sick leave for every 40 hours worked, not to exceed 56 hours per year. Up to 56 hours of paid sick leave can be carried over to the next calendar year. Employers with 250 or more employees must provide 1 hour paid sick leave for every 40 hours worked, not to exceed 72 hours per year. Up to 72 hours of paid sick leave can be carried over to the next calendar year.Tacoma, WashingtonEmployees in Tacoma, Washington accrue paid sick leave at a rate of 1 hour per every 40 hours worked. Up to a total of 24 hours of paid sick leave may be accrued in a calendar year. The ordinance allows employees to carry over up to 24 hours of unused sick leave to the next calendar year and may use a combined total of up to 40 hours in subsequent years. Employees can use paid sick leave to care for an illness (either the employee’s or a family member’s), when their place of employment has been closed by order of a public official or to care for a child whose school has been closed by order of a public official, to seek law enforcement or legal help for domestic violence or sexual assault (either for the employee or a family member), to seek safety from domestic violence, sexual assault or stalking, or for the bereavement of a family member.New York, New YorkEffective April 1, 2014, New York City employers with 5 or more employers must provide employees paid sick leave. New York City’s sick leave law was recently expanded to include siblings, grandchildren, grandparents, children, and parents of the employee.Effective September 11, 2017, New York first responders and other state employees who developed health conditions after working at the World Trade Center site following 9/11 terror attacks are entitled to unlimited sick leave at 100% of their regular salary.MarylandEffective February 11, 2018, Maryland employers with 15 or more employees must provide up to 40 hours of earned, paid sick and safe leave. Employers may offer leave accrual of 1 hour for every 30 hours worked or may offer the entire 40 hours of leave at the beginning of the year. Employers with 14 or fewer employees must offer unpaid sick and safe leave. Employees may carry over up to 40 hours of leave per year under the law. Employers may cap the use of paid leave at 64 hours per year and may also cap the accrual of leave at 64 hours total and 40 hours per year.Under the new law leave must be offered for the following reasons:to care for the physical or mental health of the employee or a family member;to take maternity or paternity leave; orto obtain relief in response to a domestic or sexual assault of the employee or a family member.Maryland's new law does not apply to employees who:Regularly work fewer than 12 hours a week;Are under the age of 18;Are independent contractors;Work in the agricultural sector on an agricultural operation; orWork on an as-needed basis in the health or human services industry.There are additional exceptions for parties to collective bargaining agreements. This law preempts any local paid sick leave law passed from January 1, 2017, forward. The result is that Montgomery County's law, with more requirements for employers, remains in force. The text of the law can be found at the Maryland General Assembly website.Montgomery County, MarylandIn Montgomery County, Maryland, employers must provide employees with paid sick and safe leave beginning October 1, 2016. Employees will accrue leave at the rate of one hour for every 30 hours worked, subject to caps. For employers with five or more employees may earn 56 hours per year of paid sick and safe leave, and may not use more than 80 hours of earned leave a year. For employers with fewer than five employees, employees may accrue up to 32 hours of paid leave and 24 hours of unpaid leave, and may not use more than 80 hours of earned leave a year. Sick and safe leave may be used by employees to treat their own, or a covered individual’s, physical or mental illness, injury, or condition; to obtain preventative medical care for themselves or a covered individual; in the case of a public health emergency that closes the employer’s place of business or an employee’s child’s school or child care center; to Care for a covered individual when a healthcare provider has determined that the family member’s presence in the community would endanger the public; or in order to temporarily relocate the employee/covered individual or to obtain legal or medical services in cases of domestic violence, sexual assault or stalking.So, I have answered the question for three countries, obviously, there are many countries in the world, and we cannot go through all of them, but at least, we can see what it looks like in these countries,

Wrong question as there is no evidence now or in the past that the earth will get too hot. When you are in a hole the first way out is to stop digging. When you are in an ice age the first way out is to welcome any new warming, I think?We are in the Quaternary Ice age for the past 2.5 million years hopefully we will exit but at the current tepid warming not for a very long time and hard to imagine how the earth could ever become too hot for us? We like it hot.This graph identifies the names from history when like now the earth was warming and no hint of catastrophe during those times - Minoan, Roman and Medieval Warming.Climate change is only a statistic of weather and the alarmists have predicted moderate winter weather without snow as part of global warming. Think about it how will the earth get too hot if every winter is too cold, particularly with the snow albedo that means each year passes ice and cooling onto the next year. The glaciers expand and unless the polar glaciers melt we are stuck in the Quaternary.The infamous and false hockey stick graph of Michael Mann repudiated by leading scientists and Dr. Tim Ball in particular is the genesis of public fears of too hot climate in the future. The flawed graph has been erased by later reports of the IPCC and Ball recently won a libel case brought by Mann where undisclosed data was in issue.The fudge of Mann was to erase the Medieval Warming period and the Little Ice age. The effect of the graph was to create by the tampering a new and dramatic sudden warming to coincide with industrialization. The tampering became the basis for Al Gore’s false inconvenient truth video and the alleged climate crisis from man made ‘global warming. ’ However when you put the past back in the graph the warming is not significant or unnatural.It is the tampering with the base representing a couple of thousand years of data that changes everything.This graph helps put the past in the correct perspective by including the Medieval Warm period and the Little Ice Age and shows no unusual warming today just natural recovery from the globall Little Ice age.An excellent review explaining why the fudged hockey stick matters so much is offered by Dr Richard Muller in this youtube interview.Richard Muller’s critique of Michael Mann’s by explaining why hisHockey Stick graph is not ok today!The term global warming is inapt and unscientific as we are in an ice age and the right term is the Holocene Interglacial. This matters because it is natural to have some warming during the interglacial before the certainty of the climate swinging to the freezing ‘glaciation.’It should be easy to understand that warmer is better than colder weather proven by our consistent holiday destinations in tropical climates. Yet somehow the alarmist have caused fear of warming.While it seems too obvious to study there are science papers showing the reality of warmer over colder.Global Warming Reduces Mortality. Cold Kills.Cheng et al., 2018 We collected daily time-series data on all-cause deaths and weather variables for the five most populous Australian cities (Sydney, Melbourne, Brisbane, Adelaide, and Perth), from 2000 to 2009. … The greatest percentage increase in mortality was for cold (2.0%, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.4%, 2.6%), followed by heat (1.2%, 95% CI: 0.7%, 1.7%), and temperature variability (0.5%, 95% CI: 0.3%, 0.7%). There was no clear temporal pattern in mortality risk associated with any temperature exposure in Australia. Heat, cold and temperature variability together resulted in 42,414 deaths during the study period, accounting for about 6.0% of all deaths. Most of attributable deaths were due to cold (61.4%), and noticeably, contribution from temperature variability (28.0%) was greater than that from heat (10.6%).Deng et al., 2019 Using daily mortality and meteorological data from 2009 to 2016 … [w]e analysed 89 467 non-accidental deaths; 4131 were attributable to overall temperatures, with an attributable fraction of 4.75% (95% eCI 2.33% to 6.79%). Most of the mortality burden was caused by cold (4.08%; 0.86% to 7.12%), whereas the burden due to heat was low and non-significant (0.67%; −2.44% to 3.64%). Extreme cold (1.17%; 0.58% to 1.69%) was responsible for 24.6% (ie, 1.17% divided by 4.75%) of the total death burden. In the stratification analyses, attributable risk due to cold was higher for cardiovascular than respiratory disease (6.18% vs 3.50%). … Previous studies have found that most of the mortality burden is caused by exposure to cold days, with comparatively lower attributable risk, or even none, due to heat exposure. For example, Hajat et. al showed that all-cause mortality attributable to heat ranged from 0.37% in London (1976–2003) to 1.45% in Milan (1985–2002), and another study conducted in London from 1986 to 1996 found that attributable fraction of mortality for each 1°C decrease below a threshold of 15°C was 5.42% (4.13% to 6.69%), with no burden due to heat.Winters are earlier and more harsh with record snowfall around the world while Co2 levels rise. This weather makes false the whole attack on fossil fuels making the climate too hot as predicted by alarmists.Extreme Weather GSMTHE CONTINENTAL U.S. JUST SET IT’S COLDEST-EVER OCTOBER TEMPERATURE, BREAKING THE PREVIOUS RECORD FROM 1917OCTOBER 29, 2019 CAP ALLONThe western U.S. was blasted by a yet ANOTHER brutal Arctic air mass yesterday, Oct 28, with this one delivering the COLDEST TEMPERATURE EVER RECORDED IN THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES.Peter Sinks, Utah –east of Logan– broke the Lower-48’s cold temperature record for the month of October on Monday morning with a staggering reading of minus 35 degrees.The area is know for it’s cold temperatures thanks to its high elevation (8,164 ft) as well as its unique topography, said Chicago meteorologist Tom Skilling.“It is a basin a half mile (804.67 meters) in diameter with no outlet, like a large bowl. Cold air collects in the basin on clear, calm nights,” Skilling said. “Very low temperatures can occur there, especially during outbreaks of arctic air in the winter.”The weather station located at the bottom of the sink took the -35F (-37.2C) reading at approximately 6:15AM on Monday morning, Oct 28 — beating-out the previous record low of -33F (-36.1C) set way back in 1917 (just after weak solar cycle 14, which was similar to the cycle we’ve just experienced, 24).Forgive me but I’d like to type it again, the Lower-48 just broke it’s coldest-ever temperature record for the month of October. And in addition, and perhaps even more astonishingly, the record may not even last that long — another all-time low mark is expected to be reached overnight Wednesday.Brutal Arctic air will continue to be funneled southwards from Canada by a dominant meridional (wavy) jet stream flow, which itself is associated with historically low solar activity.Prepare for the COLD — grow your own.Social Media channels are restricting Electroverse’s reach — be sure to subscribe to receive new post notifications by email (the box is located in the sidebar >>> or scroll down if on mobile).And/or become a Patron, by clicking here: http://patreon.com/join/electroverseAny way you can, help us spread the message so others can survive and thrive in the coming times.Grand Solar Minimum + Pole ShiftThe Continental U.S. just set it's Coldest-Ever October Temperature, Breaking the Previous Record from 1917 - ElectroverseThe actual weather is far colder as today’s chart shows than the fake climate models of the alarmists. MEDIA STORIES FROM AROUNG THE WORLD PAINT THE PICTURE OF A COOLING CLIMATE.© CFHT Telescope webcamBuilding instability and moisture are resulting in extensive fog, ice and high humidity at the summit, forecasters say. Ice and snow can already be seen on observatory webcams.Ice is starting to cover the summit of Mauna Kea on Tuesday afternoon.Observatory webcams show snow and fog surrounding the telescopes at the 13,000 ft level of the mountain.October snow falling on Mauna Kea summit in Hawaii -- Sott.net“Minus 45 degrees in October? An Arctic blast is breaking records across western and central USDoyle RiceUSA TODAYPublished October 30, 2019Minus 45 degrees in October? An Arctic blast is breaking records across western and central US“The calendar may say October but the weather is more typical of January in portions of the western and central U.S."A wave of Arctic air has infiltrated the northern tier of the United States this week, shattering record lows, and threatening as many as 70 (other record lows) through Halloween," AccuWeather said.Subzero cold was recorded as far south as the Grand Canyon on Wednesday morning, the Weather Channel said. Big Piney, Wyoming, plunged to minus 24 degrees before sunrise Wednesday.Notorious cold spot Peter Sinks, Utah, dipped to an incredible minus 45 degrees early Wednesday. This appeared to be the coldest October temperature on record anywhere in the Lower 48 states, according to Utah-based meteorologist Timothy Wright.High temperatures Wednesday were forecast to be 30 to 50 degrees below normal across Colorado, Texas and the central Plains, according to meteorologist Ryan Maue of BAM Weather. “Denver's low temperature Thursday morning could come within a few degrees of the city's all-time coldest October temperature of minus 2 degrees, the Weather Channel said.The biting cold air for this time of year is being funneled southward from Canada into the western and central United States by a southward plunge of the jet stream, the Weather Channel reported. That dip in the jet stream will slowly migrate eastward late in the week, taking the colder air with it.By Friday, while the intensity of the cold will ease, even the Gulf Coast and Eastern Seaboard will see a switch to chilly weather, the Capital Weather Gang said. Highs will hover only in the 50s from Friday through the weekend in cities such as Washington, Philadelphia and New York.”Extreme Weather GSMExtreme Weather GSMTHE CONTINENTAL U.S. JUST SET IT’S COLDEST-EVER OCTOBER TEMPERATURE, BREAKING THE PREVIOUS RECORD FROM 1917OCTOBER 29, 2019 CAP ALLONThe western U.S. was blasted by a yet ANOTHER brutal Arctic air mass yesterday, Oct 28, with this one delivering the COLDEST TEMPERATURE EVER RECORDED IN THE CONTINENTAL UNITED STATES.Peter Sinks, Utah –east of Logan– broke the Lower-48’s cold temperature record for the month of October on Monday morning with a staggering reading of minus 35 degrees.The area is know for it’s cold temperatures thanks to its high elevation (8,164 ft) as well as its unique topography, said Chicago meteorologist Tom Skilling.“It is a basin a half mile (804.67 meters) in diameter with no outlet, like a large bowl. Cold air collects in the basin on clear, calm nights,” Skilling said. “Very low temperatures can occur there, especially during outbreaks of arctic air in the winter.”The weather station located at the bottom of the sink took the -35F (-37.2C) reading at approximately 6:15AM on Monday morning, Oct 28 — beating-out the previous record low of -33F (-36.1C) set way back in 1917 (just after weak solar cycle 14, which was similar to the cycle we’ve just experienced, 24).Forgive me but I’d like to type it again, the Lower-48 just broke it’s coldest-ever temperature record for the month of October. And in addition, and perhaps even more astonishingly, the record may not even last that long — another all-time low mark is expected to be reached overnight Wednesday.Brutal Arctic air will continue to be funneled southwards from Canada by a dominant meridional (wavy) jet stream flow, which itself is associated with historically low solar activity.“That dip in the jet stream will slowly migrate eastward late in the week taking the colder air with it,” reports the Weather Channel.“NEW ZEALAND EXPERIENCES FOURTH COLDEST SEPTEMBER THIS CENTURYOCTOBER 4, 2019 CAP ALLONNew Zealand’s average temperature last month –for the country as a whole– was below the 1981-2010 September avg., Niwa has said in its Monthly Climate Summary.An unusual warming of the atmosphere high above Antarctica –called a Sudden Stratospheric Warming event (SSW)– assisted in making last month the fourth coldest September in New Zealand this century.There have only ever been two SSWs recorded in the Southern Hemisphere, previous to this years — one in September 2002 (major) and another in September 2010 (minor).The 2002 SSW event resulted in New Zealand experiencing a significant cold outbreak in October while the 2010 event was associated with record rainfall during September.”https://electroverse.net/new-zea...Extreme Weather GSMSURPRISE SPRING SNOW BLANKETS ARAUCANÍA, CHILEWe are in the Quaternary Ice age and this means getting too hot does not happen. Even exiting the Quaternary which depends on melting of polar ice is not happening and if it did this would take us into a tropical age and past history show that is beneficial to plants and animals. Go to google or duckduckgo and look up the Quaternary. You will see during the ice age weather swings between a warmer interglacial and a brutal glaciation.We need to worry about our current interglacial called the Holocene Optimum ending soon. Already temperatures are declining when looked at over the past 6000 years.There is no evidence that fossil fuels are making the climate warmer by the rise in Co2 because the past shows that Co2 lags temperature rise and therefore cannot cause the rise!This graph is a vivid illustration of Co2 lagging temperatures.NEW RESEARCH shows Co2 is not the driver of climate change.Published: 25 September 2019Low CO2 levels of the entire Pleistocene epochJiawei Da,Yi Ge Zhang,Gen Li,Xianqiang Meng &Junfeng JiNature Communications volume 10, Article number: 4342 (2019) | Download CitationAbstractQuantifying ancient atmospheric pCO2 provides valuable insights into the interplay between greenhouse gases and global climate. Beyond the 800-ky history uncovered by ice cores, discrepancies in both the trend and magnitude of pCO2 changes remain among different proxy-derived results. The traditional paleosol pCO2 paleobarometer suffers from largely unconstrained soil-respired CO2 concentration (S(z)). Using finely disseminated carbonates precipitated in paleosols from the Chinese Loess Plateau, here we identified that their S(z) can be quantitatively constrained by soil magnetic susceptibility. Based on this approach, we reconstructed pCO2 during 2.6–0.9 Ma, which documents overall low pCO2 levels (<300 ppm) comparable with ice core records, indicating that the Earth system has operated under late Pleistocene pCO2 levels for an extended period.https://www.nature.com/articles/...Identification of the driving forces of climate change using the longest instrumental temperature recordNew research confirms the view of leading climate scientists and scholars that trace amounts of Co2 emissions are not destabilizing the planet. Co2 is essential plant food and therefore green energy. I will summarize leading science paper that do not support the deniers of natural variability from CHINA, FRANCE, CANADA, GERMANY AND THE UNITED STATES.First China scientists with new research with the longest instrumental temperature record thus far.Hisorical Chinese Painting.The authors Geli Wang & Peicai Yang and Xiuji Zhou are scientists at the CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China 中国气象科学研究院ANTHROPOGENIC (human activity). The driving forces are“the El Niño–Southern Oscillation cycle and the Hale sunspot cycle, respectively.”The title of the study published in the prestigious NATURE Journal is: Identification of the driving forces of climate change using the longest instrumental temperature recordhttps://www.nature.com/articles/...Their study confirms THE DRIVING FORCES OF GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE ARE NATURALThe “driving forces” of climate change are natural and not Co2 plant food emissions. A new Chinese study confirms climate change comes from natural cycles. This research is based on the longest actual temperature data of more than 400 years from 1659 to 2013, including the period of anthropogenic warming.AbstractThe identification of causal effects is a fundamental problem in climate change research. Here, a new perspective on climate change causality is presented using the central England temperature (CET) dataset, the longest instrumental temperature record, and a combination of slow feature analysis and wavelet analysis. The driving forces of climate change were investigated and the results showed two independent degrees of freedom —a 3.36-year cycle and a 22.6-year cycle, which seem to be connected to the El Niño–Southern Oscillation cycle and the Hale sunspot cycle, respectively. [Emphasis added]. Moreover, these driving forces were modulated in amplitude by signals with millennial timescales.James Matkin 
This research is very relevant and should make climate alarmists pause in their crusade against Co2 emissions from fossil fuels. Far too much focus on Co2 like a one trick pony in a big tent circus where solar radiation is a more compelling show. The thrust of recent research has demonstrated that climate changes continually and is determined by natural forces that humans have no significant control over. Many leading scientists have presented research of other "driving forces" and cautioned against the arrogance of many that "the science is settled." See Judith Curry of the Georgia Institute of Technology and blogger at Climate Etc. talks with EconTalk host Russ Roberts about climate change. Curry argues that climate change is a "wicked problem" with a great deal of uncertainty surrounding the expected damage as well as the political and technical challenges of dealing with the phenomenon. She emphasizes the complexity of the climate and how much of the basic science remains incomplete. The conversation closes with a discussion of how concerned citizens can improve their understanding of climate change and climate change policy.
http://www.econtalk.org/arc...https://www.nature.com/articles/...JAMES MATKIN•2017-08-23 10:03 PMThe great failure of the Paris accord is the failure to accept that the IPCC Al Gore hypothesis of anthropogenic warming is not settled science. Indeed, none of the predictions of doom have occurred. New research confirms the view of leading climate scientists and scholars that trace amounts of Co2 emissions are not destabilizing the planet. Co2 is essential plant food and therefore green energy. The “driving force” of climate change is natural and not Co2 plant food emissions. A new Chinese study confirms climate change comes from natural cycles. This research is based on the longest actual temperature data of more than 400 years from 1659 to 2013, including the period of anthropogenic warming. The authors Geli Wang & Peicai Yang and Xiuji Zhou are scientists at the CHINESE ACADEMY OF SCIENCE and Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing, China 中国气象科学研究院 Their study confirms THE DRIVING FORCES OF GLOBAL WARMING AND CLIMATE CHANGE ARE NOT ANTHROPOGENIC (human activity). The driving forces are “the El Niño–Southern Oscillation cycle and the Hale sunspot cycle, respectively.” The title of the study published in the prestigious NATURE Journal is: Identification of the driving forces of climate change using the longest instrumental temperature record Identification of the driving forces of climate change using the longest instrumental temperature record This means that climate change cannot be stopped as Paris attendees believed. Co2 is very beneficial plant food and we need more not less. Why climate change is good for the world | The Spectator It is good news for civilization that the Paris targets are not being met around the world.https://www.nature.com/news/prov...Genghis Khan established what would later become the largest contiguous empire in history.IPCC FUDGED Data in 2001 to remove the MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD to make today seem unprecedented.MEDIEVAL WARM PERIOD CHANGED WORLD ECONOMIC HISTORYGenghis Khan sweeps across the lands, conquering and subsuming all who stand in his way." the tree-rings showed that the years between 1211 and 1225—a period of time that coincided with the meteoric rise of Genghis Khan, who died in 1227—were marked by unusually heavy rainfall and mild temperatures.Eventually the Mongols would establish the largest land empire in history, ruling over modern Korea, China, Russia, eastern Europe, southeast Asia, Persia, India and parts of the Middle East.[1] W.The medieval warming with mild temperatures and heavy rainfall gave horses the advantage and this made Genghis Khan the greatest conqueror in history.Petition References demolish the false climate crisis.The most recent Italian petition of 90 leading scientists exposing the deceptions of Michael Mann used to create public fear by Al Gore, Justin Trudeau and Barack Obama.“Climate simulation models do not reproduce the observed natural variability of the climate and, in particular, do not reconstruct the warm periods of the last 10,000 years. These were repeated about every thousand years and include the well-known Medieval Warm Period , the Hot Roman Period, and generally warm periods during the Optimal Holocene period.These PERIODS OF THE PAST HAVE ALSO BEEN WARMER THAN THE PRESENT PERIOD, despite the CO2 concentration being lower than the current, while they are related to the millennial cycles of solar activity. These effects are not reproduced by the models.”The full terms of the Italian petition follows -90 Leading Italian Scientists Sign Petition: CO2 Impact On Climate “UNJUSTIFIABLY EXAGGERATED” … Catastrophic Predictions “NOT REALISTIC”By P Gosselin on4. July 2019NOTE: The English version of the petition that follows below is an unpolished translation of the original Italian version. The English version still needs to be polished up a bit, but it fully and accurately conveys the overall thrust of the original Italian version.In 1517, a 33-year-old theology professor at Wittenberg University walked over to the Castle Church in Wittenberg and nailed a paper of 95 theses to the door, hoping to spark an academic discussion about their contents. Source. The same is happening today in Italy concerning climate science as dogma.90 Italian scientists sign petition addressed to Italian leadersTo the President of the RepublicTo the President of the SenateTo the President of the Chamber of DeputiesTo the President of the CouncilPETITION ON GLOBAL ANTHROPGENIC HEATING (Anthropogenic Global Warming, human-caused global warming)The undersigned, citizens and scientists, send a warm invitation to political leaders to adopt environmental protection policies consistent with scientific knowledge.In particular, it is urgent to combat pollution where it occurs, according to the indications of the best science. In this regard, the delay with which the wealth of knowledge made available by the world of research is used to reduce the anthropogenic pollutant emissions widely present in both continental and marine environmental systems is deplorable.But we must be aware that CARBON DIOXIDE IS ITSELF NOT A POLLUTANT. On the contrary, it is indispensable for life on our planet.In recent decades, a thesis has spread that the heating of the Earth’s surface of around 0.9°C observed from 1850 onwards would be anomalous and caused exclusively by human activities, in particular by the emission of CO2 from the use of fossil fuels in the atmosphere.This is the thesis of anthropogenic global warming [Anthropogenic Global Warming] promoted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of the United Nations, whose consequences would be environmental changes so serious as to fear enormous damage in an imminent future, unless drastic and costly mitigation measures are immediately adopted.In this regard, many nations of the world have joined programs to reduce carbon dioxide emissions and are pressured by a intense propaganda to adopt increasingly burdensome programs whose implementation involves heavy burdens on the economies of the individual member states and depend on climate control and, therefore, the “rescue” of the planet.However, the anthropogenic origin of global warming IS AN UNPROVEN HYPOTHESIS, deduced only from some climate models, that is complex computer programs, called General Circulation Models .On the contrary, the scientific literature has increasingly highlighted the existence of a natural climatic variability that the models are not able to reproduce.This natural variability explains a substantial part of global warming observed since 1850.The anthropogenic responsibility for climate change observed in the last century is therefore UNJUSTIFIABLY EXAGGERATED and catastrophic predictions ARE NOT REALISTIC.The climate is the most complex system on our planet, so it needs to be addressed with methods that are adequate and consistent with its level of complexity.Climate simulation models do not reproduce the observed natural variability of the climate and, in particular, do not reconstruct the warm periods of the last 10,000 years. These were repeated about every thousand years and include the well-known Medieval Warm Period , the Hot Roman Period, and generally warm periods during the Optimal Holocene period.These PERIODS OF THE PAST HAVE ALSO BEEN WARMER THAN THE PRESENT PERIOD, despite the CO2 concentration being lower than the current, while they are related to the millennial cycles of solar activity. These effects are not reproduced by the models.It should be remembered that the heating observed since 1900 has actually started in the 1700s, i.e. at the minimum of the Little Ice Age , the coldest period of the last 10,000 years (corresponding to the millennial minimum of solar activity that astrophysicists call Maunder Minimal Solar ). Since then, solar activity, following its millennial cycle, has increased by heating the earth’s surface.Furthermore, the models fail to reproduce the known climatic oscillations of about 60 years.These were responsible, for example, for a warming period (1850-1880) followed by a cooling period (1880-1910), a heating (1910-40), a cooling (1940-70) and a a new warming period (1970-2000) similar to that observed 60 years earlier.The following years (2000-2019) saw the increase not predicted by the models of about 0.2 ° C [two one-hundredths of a degree]per decade, but a substantial climatic stability that was sporadically interrupted by the rapid natural oscillations of the equatorial Pacific ocean, known as the El Nino Southern Oscillations , like the one that led to temporary warming between 2015 and 2016.The media also claim that extreme events, such as hurricanes and cyclones, have increased alarmingly. Conversely, these events, like many climate systems, have been modulated since the aforementioned 60-year cycle.For example, if we consider the official data from 1880 on tropical Atlantic cyclones that hit North America, they appear to have a strong 60-year oscillation, correlated with the Atlantic Ocean’s thermal oscillation called Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation .The peaks observed per decade are compatible with each other in the years 1880-90, 1940-50 and 1995-2005. From 2005 to 2015 the number of cyclones decreased precisely following the aforementioned cycle. Thus, in the period 1880-2015, between number of cyclones (which oscillates) and CO2 (which increases monotonically) there is no correlation.The climate system is not yet sufficiently understood. Although it is true that CO2 is a greenhouse gas, according to the IPCC itself the climate sensitivity to its increase in the atmosphere is still extremely uncertain.It is estimated that a doubling of the concentration of atmospheric CO2, from around 300 ppm pre-industrial to 600 ppm, can raise the average temperature of the planet from a minimum of 1° C to a maximum of 5° C.This uncertainty is enormous.In any case, many recent studies based on experimental data estimate that the climate sensitivity to CO2 is CONSIDERABLY LOWER than that estimated by the IPCC models.Then, it is scientifically unrealistic to attribute to humans the responsibility for warming observed from the past century to today. The advanced alarmist forecasts, therefore, are not credible, since they are based on models whose results contradict the experimental data.All the evidence suggests that these MODELS OVERESTIMATE the anthropogenic contribution and underestimate the natural climatic variability, especially that induced by the sun, the moon, and ocean oscillations.Finally, the media release the message according to which, with regard to the human cause of current climate change, there would be an almost unanimous consensus among scientists that the scientific debate would be closed.However, first of all we must be aware that the scientific method dictates that the facts, and not the number of adherents, make a conjecture a consolidated scientific theory .In any case, the same alleged consensus DOES NOT EXIST. In fact, there is a remarkable variability of opinions among specialists – climatologists, meteorologists, geologists, geophysicists, astrophysicists – many of whom recognize an important natural contribution to global warming observed from the pre-industrial period and even from the post-war period to today.There have also been petitions signed by thousands of scientists who have expressed dissent with the conjecture of anthropogenic global warming.These include the one promoted in 2007 by the physicist F. Seitz, former president of the American National Academy of Sciences, and the one promoted by the Non-governmental International Panel on Climate Change (NIPCC), whose 2009 report concludes that “Nature, not the activity of Man governs the climate”.In conclusion, given the CRUCIAL IMPORTANCE THAT FOSSIL FUELS have for the energy supply of humanity, we suggest that they should not adhere to policies of uncritically reducing carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere with THE ILLUSORY PRETENSE OF CONTROLLING THE CLIMATE.http://www.opinione.it/…/redazione_riscaldamento-globale-…/…PROMOTING COMMITTEE:Uberto Crescenti, Emeritus Professor of Applied Geology, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, formerly Rector and President of the Italian Geological Society.Giuliano Panza, Professor of Seismology, University of Trieste, Academician of the Lincei and of the National Academy of Sciences, called of the XL, 2018 International Award of the American Geophysical Union.Alberto Prestininzi, Professor of Applied Geology, La Sapienza University, Rome, formerly Scientific Editor in Chief of the magazine International IJEGE and Director of the Geological Risk Forecasting and Control Research Center.Franco Prodi, Professor of Atmospheric Physics, University of Ferrara.Franco Battaglia, Professor of Physical Chemistry, University of Modena; Galileo Movement 2001.Mario Giaccio, Professor of Technology and Economics of Energy Sources, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara, former Dean of the Faculty of Economics.Enrico Miccadei, Professor of Physical Geography and Geomorphology, University G. D’Annunzio, Chieti-Pescara.Nicola Scafetta, Professor of Atmospheric Physics and Oceanography, Federico II University, Naples.LEADING EUROPEAN SCIENTISTS TELL US THERE IS NO CLIMATE CRISISThe European Parliament building in Strasbourg. Image: AOPSome 300 professional scientists in Europe have signed a petition urging the European Parliament to abandon the unfounded alarmist position about an imminent "Climate Crisis" and adhere to the scientific facts as revealed by observations: european-petition.pdfSEPTEMBER 22, 2019EmielCharles Michel, President of the European Council Ursula von der Leyen, President of the European Commission ‘To be appointed’, Head of the European Parliament -------------There is no climate emergencyWe, the undersigned 300(?) independent Climate Scientists and Professionals from 15(?) countries, wish to convey five urgent messages to you:1. Climate change is a fact. The geological archive reveals that Earth’s climate has varied as long as the planet has existed, with naturally-driven cold and warm cycles.2. After leaving the Little Ice Age (around 1870 AD), it is no surprise that we now are experiencing a warming-up period. This is fully in line with the natural behavior of the climate system. However, measurements show that the temperature-increase is significantly less than mainstream models predict.3. Anthropogenic Global Warming is only a hypothesis. There exists no proof that anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions are the principal cause of global warming. On the contrary, latest insights confirm that more CO2 has only a modest influence on climate but it is hugely beneficial for agriculture, forestry, and for the photosynthesis that is the basis of life on Earth.4. Moreover, there is no scientific evidence that increasing CO2 levels have an enhancing effect on natural disasters. Quite the reverse, there are many indications that most CO2-reduction measures have a devastating effect on wildlife, land use and economic development.5. Energy policy must be based on scientific and economic realities. We argue strongly against a harmful and unrealistic “2050-carbon-neutral policy”. There is no climate emergency and therefore no cause for panic and alarm. If superior approaches emerge, we will have ample time to reflect and transition. Our aim should always be reliable and affordable energy at all times.With respect to a well-thought-out future, we advise European leaders that science should aim at a significantly better understanding of the climate system and that politics should focus on minimizing damage by giving priority to effective adaptation strategies to extreme weather events.We also recommend that European leaders make a clear difference in their policy between the Earth’s environment and the Earth’s climate. Taking good care of our environment is a matter of good stewardship. Climate change, however, is primarily caused by a complex combination of natural phenomena we cannot control.1 Promotors of the Declaration Professor Guus Berkhout (The Netherlands) Mr Viv Forbes (Australia/New Zealand) Professor Jeffrey Foss (Canada) Professor Richard Lindzen (USA) Jim O’Brien (Republic of Ireland) Professor Alberto Prestininzi (Italy) Professor Fritz Vahrenholt (Germany) ............ (Belgium) ............. (France) ............. (Norway)The undersigned:Scientists and Professionals from Belgium1. Emiel van Broekhoven, Emeritus Professor of Economics, University of Antwerp2. Henry A. Masson, Emeritus Professor Dynamic System Analysis and Data Mining,University of Antwerp 3. Ferdinand Meeus, Research Scientist, IPCC expert Reviewer AR6 4.Scientists and Professionals from Germany 1. Dietrich Bannert, Professor of Geology, University of Hannover 2. Hans Döhler, Professor of pharma sciences, University of Hannover 3. Werner Kirstein, Emeritus Professor of Climatology, University of Leipzig,Germany 4. Horst-Joachim Lüdecke, Professor of Operations Research (i.R.) HTW of Saarland,Saarbrücken, Germany 5. Fritz Vahrenholt, Professor (i.R.) am Institut für Technische und MakromolekulareChemie der Universität Hamburg, GermanyScientists and Professionals from Ireland 1. Jim O’Brien, Founder of the Irish Climate Science Forum2 Scientists and Professionals from ItalyPromoters 1. Uberto Crescenti, Professore Emerito di Geologia Applicata, Università di Chieti- Pescara, già Magnifico Rettore e Presidente della Società Geologica Italiana. 2. Giuliano Panza, Professore di Sismologia, Università di Trieste, Accademico dei Lincei e dell’Accademia Nazionale delle Scienze, detta dei XL, vincitore nel 2018 del Premio Internazionale dell’American Geophysical Union. 3. Alberto Prestininzi, Professore di Geologia Applicata, Università di Roma La Sapienza, già Scientific Editor in Chief della rivista internazionale Italian Journal of Engineering Geology and Environment e Direttore del Centro di Ricerca Previsione e Controllo Rischi Geologici (CERI), Sapienza Università di Roma. 4. Franco Prodi, Professore di Fisica dell’Atmosfera, Università di Ferrara. 5. Franco Battaglia, Professore di Chimica Fisica, Università di Modena; Movimento Galileo 2001. 6. Mario Giaccio, Professore di Tecnologia ed Economia delle Fonti di Energia, Università di Chieti- Pescara, già Preside della Facoltà di Economia. 7. Enrico Miccadei, Professore di Geografia Fisica e Geomorfologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara. 8. Nicola Scafetta, Professore di Fisica dell’Atmosfera e Oceanografia, Università di Napoli. Supporters 1. Antonino Zichichi, Professore Emerito di Fisica, Università di Bologna, Fondatore e Presidente del Centro di Cultura Scientifica Ettore Majorana di Erice. 2. Renato Angelo Ricci, Professore Emerito di Fisica, Università di Padova, già Presidente della Società Italiana di Fisica e della Società Europea di Fisica; Movimento Galileo 2001. 3. Aurelio Misiti, Professore di Ingegneria sanitaria-Ambientale, Università di Roma La Sapienza, già Preside della Facoltà di Ingegneria, già Presidente del Consiglio Superiore ai Lavori Pubblici. 4. Antonio Brambati, Professore di Sedimentologia, Università di Trieste, Responsabile Progetto Paleoclima-mare del PNRA, già Presidente Commissione Nazionale di Oceanografia. 5. Cesare Barbieri, Professore Emerito di Astronomia, Università di Padova. 6. Sergio Bartalucci, Fisico, Presidente Associazione Scienziati e Tecnologi per la Ricerca Italiana. 7. Antonio Bianchini, Professore di Astronomia, Università di Padova. 8. Paolo Bonifazi, Astrofisico, ex Direttore dell’Istituto di Fisica dello Spazio Interplanetario (IFSI) dell’Istituto Nazionale Astrofisica (INAF). 9. Francesca Bozzano, Professore di Geologia Applicata, Università di Roma La Sapienza, Direttore del Centro di Ricerca Previsione, Prevenzione e Controllo Rischi Geologici (CERI). 10. Marcello Buccolini, Professore di Geomorfologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara. 11. Paolo Budetta, Professore di Geologia Applicata, Università di Napoli. 12. Monia Calista, Ricercatore di Geologia Applicata, Università di Chieti-Pescara. 13. Giovanni Carboni, Professore di Fisica, Università di Roma Tor Vergata; Movimento Galileo 2001. 14. Franco Casali, Professore di Fisica, Università di Bologna e Accademia delle Scienze di Bologna. 15. Giuliano Ceradelli, Ingegnere e climatologo, ALDAI. 16. Augusta Vittoria Cerutti, membro del Comitato Glaciologico Italiano. 17. Domenico Corradini, Professore di Geologia Storica, Università di Modena. 18. Fulvio Crisciani, Professore di Fluidodinamica Geofisica, Università di Trieste e Istituto Scienze Marine, Cnr, Trieste.319. Carlo Esposito, Professore di Telerilevamento, Università di Roma La Sapienza. 20. Antonio Mario Federico, Professore di Geotecnica, Politecnico di Bari. 21. Mario Floris, Professore di Telerilevamento, Università di Padova. 22. Gianni Fochi, Chimico, Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa; giornalista scientifico. 23. Mario Gaeta, Professore di Vulcanologia, Università di Roma La Sapienza. 24. Giuseppe Gambolati, Fellow della American Geophysical Union, Professore di Metodi Numerici, Università di Padova. 25. Rinaldo Genevois, Professore di Geologia Applicata, Università di Padova. 26. Carlo Lombardi, Professore di Impianti nucleari, Politecnico di Milano. 27. Luigi Marino, Geologo, Direttore del Centro di Ricerca Previsione, Prevenzione e Controllo Rischi Geologici (CERI) 28. Salvatore Martino, Professore di Microzonazione sismica, Università di Roma La Sapienza. 29. Paolo Mazzanti, Professore di Interferometria satellitare, Università di Roma La Sapienza. 30. Adriano Mazzarella, Professore di Meteorologia e Climatologia, Università di Napoli. 31. Carlo Merli, Professore di Tecnologie Ambientali, Università di Roma La Sapienza. 32. Alberto Mirandola, Professore di Energetica Applicata e Presidente Dottorato di Ricerca in Energetica, Università di Padova. 33. Renzo Mosetti, Professore di Oceanografia, Università di Trieste, già Direttore del Dipartimento di Oceanografia, Istituto OGS, Trieste. 34. Daniela Novembre, Ricercatore in Georisorse Minerarie e Applicazioni Mineralogiche-petrografiche, Università di Chieti-Pescara. 35. Sergio Ortolani, Professore di Astronomia e Astrofisica, Università di Padova. 36. Antonio Pasculli, Ricercatore di Geologia Applicata, Università di Chieti-Pescara. 37. Ernesto Pedrocchi, Professore Emerito di Energetica, Politecnico di Milano. 38. Tommaso Piacentini, Professore di Geografia Fisica e Geomorfologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara. 39. Guido Possa, Ingegnere nucleare, già Vice Ministro Viceministro del Ministero dell'Istruzione, Università e Ricerca, con delega alla ricerca. 40. Mario Luigi Rainone, Professore di Geologia Applicata, Università di Chieti- Pescara. 41. Francesca Quercia, Geologo, Dirigente di ricerca, Ispra. 42. Giancarlo Ruocco, Professore di Struttura della Materia, Università di Roma La Sapienza. 43. Sergio Rusi, Professore di Idrogeologia, Università di Chieti-Pescara. 44. Massimo Salleolini, Professore di Idrogeologia Applicata e Idrogeologia Ambientale, Università di Siena. 45. Emanuele Scalcione, Responsabile Servizio Agrometeorologico Regionale ALSIA, Basilicata. 46. Nicola Sciarra, Professore di Geologia Applicata, Università di Chieti-Pescara. 47. Leonello Serva, Geologo, già Direttore Servizi Geologici d’Italia; Accademia Europa delle Scienze e delle Arti, Classe V, Scienze Tecnologiche e Ambientali; Movimento Galileo 2001. 48. Luigi Stedile, Geologo, Centro di Ricerca Previsione, Prevenzione e Controllo Rischi Geologici (CERI), Università di Roma La Sapienza. 49. Giorgio Trenta, Fisico e Medico, Presidente Emerito dell’Associazione Italiana di Radioprotezione Medica; Movimento Galileo 2001. 50. Gianluca Valensise, Dirigente di Ricerca, Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia, Roma. 51. Corrado Venturini, Professore di Geologia Strutturale, Università di Bologna. 52. Franco Zavatti, Ricercatore di Astronomia, Università di Bologna. 53. Achille Balduzzi, Geologo, Agip-Eni. 54. Claudio Borri, Professore di Scienze delle Costruzioni, Università di Firenze,4Coordinatore del Dottorato Internazionale in Ingegneria Civile. 55. Pino Cippitelli, Geologo Agip-Eni. 56. Franco Di Cesare, Dirigente, Agip-Eni. 57. Serena Doria, Ricercatore di Probabilità e Statistica Matematica, Università di Chieti-Pescara. 58. Enzo Siviero, Professore di Ponti, Università di Venezia, Rettore dell’Università e-Campus. 59. Pietro Agostini, Ingegnere, Associazione Scienziati e Tecnologi per la Ricerca Italiana. 60. Donato Barone, Ingegnere. 61. Roberto Bonucchi, Insegnante. 62. Gianfranco Brignoli, Geologo. 63. Alessandro Chiaudani, Ph.D. agronomo, Università di Chieti-Pescara. 64. Antonio Clemente, Ricercatore di Urbanistica, Università di Chieti-Pescara. 65. Luigi Fressoia, Architetto urbanista, Perugia. 66. Sabino Gallo, Ingegnere nucleare e scrittore scientifico. 67. Daniela Giannessi, Primo Ricercatore, IPCF-CNR, Pisa. 68. Roberto Grassi, Ingegnere, Amministratore G&G, Roma. 69. Alberto Lagi, Ingegnere, Presidente di Società Ripristino Impianti Complessi Danneggiati. 70. Luciano Lepori, Ricercatore IPCF-CNR, Pisa. 71. Roberto Madrigali, Meteorologo. 72. Ludovica Manusardi, Fisico nucleare e giornalista scientifico, UGIS. 73. Maria Massullo, Tecnologa, ENEA-Casaccia, Roma. 74. Enrico Matteoli, Primo Ricercatore, IPCF-CNR, Pisa. 75. Gabriella Mincione, Professore di Scienze e Tecniche di Medicina di Laboratorio, Università di Chieti-Pescara. 76. Massimo Pallotta, Primo Tecnologo, Istituto Nazionale Fisica Nucleare. 77. Enzo Pennetta, Professore di Scienze Naturali e divulgatore scientifico. 78. Franco Puglia, Ingegnere, Presidente CCC, Milano. 79. Nunzia Radatti, Chimico, Sogin. 80. Vincenzo Romanello, Ingegnere nucleare, Ricercatore presso il Centro Ricerca di Rez, Repubblica Ceca. 81. Alberto Rota, Ingegnere, Ricercatore presso CISE e ENEL ed esperto di energie rinnovabili. 82. Massimo Sepielli, Direttore di Ricerca, ENEA, Roma. 83. Ugo Spezia, Ingegnere, Responsabile Sicurezza Industriale, SoGIN; Movimento Galileo 2001. 84. Emilio Stefani, Professore di Patologia vegetale, Università di Modena. 85. Umberto Tirelli, Visiting Senior Scientist, Istituto Tumori d’Aviano; Movimento Galileo 2001. 86. Roberto Vacca, Ingegnere e scrittore scientifico. 87. Giorgio Bertucelli, Ingegnere, già Dirigente Industriale, Associazione Lombarda Dirigenti Aziende Industriali. 88. Luciano Biasini, Professore Emerito, già Docente di Calcoli numerici e grafici, Direttore dell'Istituto Matematico e Preside della Facoltà di Scienze Matematiche, Fisiche e Naturali dell'Università di Ferrara. 89. Giampiero Borrielli, Ingegnere. 90. Antonio Maria Calabrò, Ingegnere, Ricercatore, Consulente. 91. Enrico Colombo, Chimico, Dirigente Industriale. 92. Stefano De Pieri, Ingegnere energetico e nucleare. 93. Benedetto De Vivo, Professore di Geochimica in pensione dall’Università di Napoli; ora Professore Straordinario presso Università Telematica Pegaso, Napoli. 94. Carlo Del Corso, Ingegnere Chimico. 95. Francesco Dellacasa, Ingegnere, amministratore di società nel settore energetico.596. Sergio Fontanot, Ingegnere. 97. Umberto Gentili, Fisico dell'ENEA, Climatologo per il Progetto Antartide. 98. Ettore Malpezzi, Ingegnere. 99. Alessandro Martelli, Ingegnere, già dirigente ENEA. 100. Umberto Minopoli, Presidente dell'Associazione Italiana Nucleare. 101. Antonio Panebianco, Ingegnere. 102. Giorgio Prinzi, Ingegnere, Direttore responsabile della rivista 21mo Secolo Scienza e tecnologia. 103. Arnaldo Radovix, Geologo, Risk Manager in derivati finanziari. 104. Mario Rampichini, Chimico, Dirigente Industriale in pensione, Consulente. 105. Marco Ricci, Fisico, Primo Ricercatore, Istituto Nazionale di FisicaScientists and Professionals from The Netherlands1. Guus Berkhout, Emeritus Professor of Geophysics, Delft University of Technology,Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences 2. André Bijkerk, Geophysicist, Former Royal Dutch Airforce, now Climate Researcher 3. Peter Bloemers, Emeritus Professor of biochemistry, Radbout University, Nijmegen 4. Paul M.C. Braat, Emeritus Professor of Pulmonary Physics, University of Amsterdam 5. Solke Bruin, Emeritus Professor of Product-driven Process Technology, University ofEindhoven, and Former member Management Committee Unilever Research, Vlaardingen 6. Paul Cliteur, Member of the Senate of The Netherlands 7. Marcel Crok, Climate Researcher and Science Journalist 8. David E. Dirkse, Former Computer Engineer and Teacher Mathematics 9. Kees de Groot, Former Director Upstream Research Lab. Shell10. Kees de Lange, Emeritus Professor of Physics, Vrije University Amsterdam and Universityof Amsterdam 11. Louw Feenstra, Emeritus Professor Erasmus University and philosopher, Rotterdam 12. Leo Halvers, Former Director Biliton Research Arnhem and former Director technologyFoundation STW 13. Eduard Harinck, Former Logistics Expert, Nedlloyd Group/KPMG consulting 14. J.R. Hetzler, Designer Time Series Models for Water Authorities, The Netherlands 15. Jan F. Holtrop, Emeritus Professor of Petroleum Engineering, Delft University ofTechnology 16. A. Huijser, Physicist and Former CTO Royal Philips Electronics17. Jacques van Kerchove, Economist and Marketeer, Former CFO Rabobank, now Climateand Environment researcher 18. R.W.J. Kouffeld, Emeritus Professor of Energy Conversion, Delft University of Technology 19. Hans H.J. Labohm, Former Expert Reviewer IPCC 20. Kees le Pair, Physicist, Former Director of Research organisations FOM and Technology &former member of the General Energy Council, The Netherlands 21. B.G. Linsen, Former Director Unilever Research Vlaardingen, The Netherlands622. Pieter Lukkes, Emeritus Professor of Economic and Human Geography, University ofGroningen 23. Hugo Matthijssen, Former Teacher Meteorology, now Publicist on Climate Matters 24. Simon Middelhoek, Emeritus Professor of Electronic Instrumentation and Sensors, DelftUniversity of Technology, Member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences and Member of the National Academy of Engineering, USA 25. J.M. Mulderink, Former General Director Akzo-Nobel 26. Leffert Oldenkamp, Expert Forest Management 27. Peter Oosterling, Former Scientist E & P Shell, now Climate Researcher 28. Kees Pieters, Mathematician; Former Operational Research and ICT manager at Shell 29. G.T. Robillard, Emeritus Professor of Biochemistry and Biophysics 30. Arthur Rörsch, Former Member Board of Directors, TNO, The Netherlands 31. Don Schäfer, Former Director Shell Exploration & Production and New Business, Shell 32. Albert Stienstra, Emeritus Professor of Computer Simulation and Micro-Electronics, DelftUniversity of Technology 33. P.J. Strijkert, Former Member Board of Directors of DSM, Delft, The Netherlands 34. Dick Thoenes, Emeritus Professor of Chemical Technology, Technical University ofEindhoven 35. Fred Udo, Emeritus Professor of Nuclear Physics, Vrije Universiteit Brussels, Belgium 36. J.F. van de Vate, Former Director ECN, Petten, The Netherlands. Former UN Delegate IPCC.37. Frans van den Beemt, Nuclear Physicist, Former Program Director TechnologyFoundation STW 38. Rutger van Santen, Emeritus Professor of Anorganic Chemistry and Catalysis, FormerRector Magnificus, Eindhoven University 39. Hans van Suijdam, Former Executive Vice President Research and Development DSM, TheNetherlands 40. Peter van Toorn, Former Research Geophysicist Shell41. Jannes J. Verwer, Former CEO Large Electricity Generation Group and Former ChairmanSupervisory Board State Owned Radio Active Waste Storage Facilities, The Netherlands 42. Henk van der Vorst, Emeritus Professor of Numerical Mathematics, University of Utrecht43. Jaap van der Vuurst de Vries, Emeritus Professor of Petroleum Engineering, Former DeanFaculty of Applied Earth Sciences, Delft University of Technology 44. Karel Wakker, Emeritus Professor of Astrodynamics & Geodynamics, Delft University ofTechnology 45. W.J. Witteman, Professor of Applied Physics and CO2 lasers, University of Twente 46. Theo Wolters, Co-founder ‘Groene Rekenkamer’ and ‘Climategate Klimaat Wetenschapsjournalisten Milieudeskundige Meteoroloog Klimaatonderzoeker’Scientists and Professionals from Norway1. Martin Torvald Hovland, Geophysical and Geological Advisor, Former Lecturer atUniversity of Tromsø 2. Hakon Gunnar Rueslatten, Geological Researcher, Trondhheim 3. Jan-Erik Solheim, Emeritus professor Astrophysics, University of Oslo7Scientists and Professionals from United Kingdom1. John C. W. Cope, Professor of Natural Sciences, National Museum Wales, Cardiff 2. D. Q. Bowen, Emeritus Professor of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Fellow International Unionfor Quaternary Research, Cardiff University 3. Peter Gill, Physicist, Former Chair of the Institute of Physics Energy Group, UK4. Bob Heath, retired Geophysicist, Honorary member of the Indian Society of PetroleumGeologists 5. Howard Dewhirst FGS, Geologist, Initiator Open Letter to the Geological Society ofLondon 6. Peter Owen FGS, Fellow of the Geological Society of London 7. Michael Seymour, geologist, Former Managing Director Aurelian Oil & Gas and Trajan Oillimited 8. David A. L. Jenkins, Geologist, Director Hurricane Energy plc 9. Chris Matchatte-downes, Geologist, fellow of the geological Society of Gt Britain 10. Gregor Dixon FGS, Geologist, former member Geological Society of London 11. Tim Harper FGS, Geologist, Entrepreneur, Devon 12. Clive Randle, Geologist, Fellow of the Geological Society of London13. Valentina Zharkova, Professor of Mathematics and Astrophysics, Northumbria University,Newcastle upon TyneScientists and Professionals from Sweden 1. Sture Åström, professional in climate issues, secretary of the Swedish networkKlimatsans 2. Per-Olof Eriksson, Physicist, Former CEO of Sandvik Group 3. Hans Jelbring, Climate researcher 4. Gunnar Juliusson, Professor of Hematology, Lund University, Senior Consultant, SkåneUniversity Hospital, Lund 5. Sten Kaijser, Emeritus professor of Mathematics, Uppsala University 6. Nils-Axel Mörner, Emeritus professor Geology, President of the Independent Committeeon Geoethics. Former head of Paleogeophysics & Geodynamics at Stockholm University 7. Ingemar Nordin, Emeritus Professor Philosophy of Science, Linköping University 8. Gösta Pettersson, Emeritus Professor in Biochemistry, University of Lund 9. Marian Radetzki, Emeritus Professor of Economics, Luleå University of Technology10. Peter Stilbs, Emeritus Professor of Physical Chemistry, Royal Institute of Technology(KTH), StockholmScientists and Professionals from outside EU1. Tim Ball, Emeritus Professor Geography, University of Winnipeg, Canada and Advisor ofthe International Science Coalition 2. Hans-Peter Bär, Emeritus Professor of Pharmacology, Canada and Former Dean of BasicMedical Sciences, American University of Barbados, Barbados 3. Douglas Buerger, Fellow Australasian Institute of Mining and Metallurgy, member ofAustralian Institute of Comapany Directors, Australia84. John A. Earthrowl, retired Geologist, Brisbane Australia 5. Rex Fleming, Research Scientist, Author of Book on Carbon Dioxide Fallacy, RetiredPresident Global Aerospace, USA 6. Viv Forbes, Geologist with Special Interest in Climate, Founder of www. carbon-The Sense Home Energy Monitor, Queensland, Australia 7. Jeffrey Ernest Foss, Professor of Philosophy of Science, University of Victoria, Canada 8. Madhav Khandekar, Expert Reviewer IPCC 2007 AR4 Cycle, Canada 9. John Droz jr, Physicist, Founder of AWED Alliance, USA 10. Herman A. Pope, retired Aerospace Engineer NASA-JSC, USA 11. Richard Lindzen, Emeritus Professor Atmospheres, Oceans and Climate, MIT, USA12. Gerrit J. van der Lingen, Paleoclimatologist, New Zealand, Author of the Book The Fable ofStable Climate 13. Masayuki Hyodo, Professor of Earth Science, Kobe University, Japan 14. Clifford Ollier, Emeritus Professor of Geology and Honorary Research Fellow at theSchool of Earth and Geographical Sciences, University of Western Australia 15. Judy Ryan, Editor Principia Scientific Institution-Australia 16. Peter Salonius, Retired Research Scientist, Natural Resources, Canada 17. Ian Semple, Retired Geologist, of McGill University, Canada 18. Jim Simpson, Retired from Managing Positions in different InternationalTelecommunications Firms, now active in the Australian Climate Community, 19. Case Smit, Physicist and Expert in Environmental Protection, Co-founder of the GalileoMovement, Australia 20. Paul Taylor, Energy Economist, recipient Rossitor Raymond Award, Golden Colorado,USA 21. John W. Turner, Science Educator, Noosa Heads, Australia 22. Thomas O’Connor, Member American Association of Petroleum Geologists, Washington,USA