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STATISTICS: INTERNATIONAL TRADE STATISTICSTechnical notesThis Note details the definitions, methods and sources of the statistics used in International Trade Statistics.I. Composition of country groups1. RegionsNorth America: Canada, United States of America, and territories in North America n.e.s.Latin America: Antigua and Barbuda, Argentina, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bolivia, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Cuba, Dominica, Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, Grenada, Guatemala, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Jamaica, Mexico, Netherlands Antilles, Nicaragua, Panama, Paraguay, Peru, Saint Kitts and Nevis, Saint Lucia, Saint Vincent and the Grenadines, Suriname, Trinidad and Tobago, Uruguay, Venezuela and other countries and territories in Latin America n.e.s.Western Europe: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Liechtenstein, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, United Kingdom, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, former Yugoslav Republic of Macedonia, Slovenia, Yugoslavia (the last five countries mentioned comprise the former Yugoslavia), and territories in Western Europe n.e.s.Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the Commonwealth of Independent States (transition economies), of which Central and Eastern Europe: Albania, Bulgaria, Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania and the Slovak Republic; the Baltic States: Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania; and the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS): Armenia, Azerbaijan, Belarus, Georgia, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyz Repubic, Republic of Moldova, Russian Federation, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, Ukraine and Uzbekistan. The grouping former USSR refers to the Baltic States and the CIS.Africa, of which North Africa: Algeria, Egypt, Libyan Arab Jamahiriya, Morocco and Tunisia; and Sub-Saharan Africa comprising: Western Africa: Benin, Burkina Faso, Cape Verde, Côte d'Ivoire, Gambia, Ghana, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Liberia, Mali, Mauritania, Niger, Nigeria, Senegal, Sierra Leone and Togo; Central Africa: Burundi, Cameroon, Central African Republic, Chad, Congo, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Equatorial Guinea, Gabon, Rwanda, and Sao Tome and Principe; Eastern Africa: Comoros, Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, Seychelles, Somalia, Sudan, United Republic of Tanzania and Uganda; and Southern Africa: Angola, Botswana, Lesotho, Malawi, Mozambique, Namibia, South Africa, Swaziland, Zambia, Zimbabwe and territories in Africa n.e.s.The Middle East: Bahrain, Cyprus, Iraq, Islamic Republic of Iran, Israel, Jordan, Kuwait, Lebanon, Oman, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, Syrian Arab Republic, United Arab Emirates, Yemen and other countries and territories in the Middle East n.e.s.Asia, of which West Asia: Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka; and East Asia (including Oceania): Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Cambodia; China; Fiji; Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China (Hong Kong, China); Indonesia; Japan; Kiribati; Lao People's Democratic Republic; Macau, China; Malaysia; Mongolia; Myanmar; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Philippines; Republic of Korea; Samoa; Separate Customs Territory of Taiwan, Penghu, Kinmen and Matsu (Taipei, Chinese); Singapore; Solomon Islands; Thailand; Tonga; Tuvalu; Vanuatu; Viet Nam and other countries and territories in Asia and the Pacific n.e.s.2. Regional integration agreementsANDEAN: Bolivia, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.APEC: Australia; Brunei Darussalam; Canada; Chile; China; Hong Kong, China; Indonesia; Japan; Republic of Korea; Malaysia; Mexico; New Zealand; Papua New Guinea; Peru; Philippines; Russian Federation; Singapore; Taipei, Chinese; Thailand; United States of America and Viet Nam.ASEAN: Brunei Darussalam, Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Malaysia, Myanmar, Philippines, Singapore, Thailand and Viet Nam.CEFTA: Czech Republic, Hungary, Poland, Romania, Slovenia and the Slovak Republic.EUROPEAN UNION: Austria, Belgium, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands, Portugal, Spain, Sweden and the United Kingdom.MERCOSUR: Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Uruguay.NAFTA: Canada, Mexico and the United States of America.SAPTA: Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Maldives, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka.3. Other country groupsLeast-developed countries: Afghanistan, Angola, Bangladesh, Benin, Bhutan, Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cambodia, Cape Verde, Central African Republic, Chad, Comoros, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Djibouti, Equatorial Guinea, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Gambia, Guinea, Guinea-Bissau, Haiti, Kiribati, Lao People's Democratic Republic, Lesotho, Liberia, Madagascar, Malawi, Maldives, Mali, Mauritania, Mozambique, Myanmar, Nepal, Niger, Rwanda, Samoa, Sao Tome and Principe, Senegal, Sierra Leone, Solomon Islands, Somalia, Sudan, Togo, Tuvalu, Uganda, United Republic of Tanzania, Vanuatu, Yemen and Zambia.Six East Asian traders: Hong Kong, China; Malaysia; Republic of Korea; Singapore; Taipei, Chinese and Thailand.The designations used in this report do not imply an expression of opinion by the Secretariat concerning either the status of any country, territory or area, or the delimitation of its frontiers.4. Political boundariesChanges in political boundaries since 1991 involving the former Czech and Slovak Federal Republic, the former Yugoslavia and the former USSR are reflected in this report, as far as available statistics permit. This means that, beginning with 1992, data for these former entities are no longer given. This information is replaced with data for their successor states. In the case of the successor states to the former Czech and Slovak Federal Republic and the former Yugoslavia, the statistics include their mutual trade. In the case of the successor states of the former USSR, the absence of detailed merchandise trade statistics for most of them has ruled out the inclusion of their mutual trade at the disaggregated product level, as well as, for comparability reason, at the aggregate level. However, recent improvements in data collection have meant that mutual trade between the successor states of the former USSR has been included systematically in the tables, starting with data for 1996. The effects on the continuity of the data series are explained in Section III.2 below.II. Definitions and methodsII.1 Merchandise trade1. Exports and importsTwo systems of recording merchandise exports and imports are in common use. They are referred to as general trade and special tradeand differ mainly in the way warehoused and re-exported goods are treated. General trade figures are larger than the corresponding special trade figures because the latter exclude certain trade flows, such as goods shipped through bonded warehouses.Unless otherwise noted, total merchandise trade is defined in this report according to the general trade definition. It covers all types of inward and outward movement of goods through a country or territory including movements through customs warehouses and free zones. For further explanations, see United Nations International Trade Statistics, Concepts and Definitions, Series M, N°52, Revision 2.Unless otherwise indicated, exports are valued at transaction value, including the cost of transportation and insurance to bring the merchandise to the frontier of the exporting country or territory (f.o.b. valuation). Imports are valued at transaction value plus the cost of transportation and insurance to the frontier of the importing country or territory (c.i.f. valuation).2. ProductsAll product groups are defined according to Revision 3 of the Standard International Trade Classification (SITC).The following groupings are used in this report:A. Primary products(i) Agricultural products- Food: food and live animals; beverages and tobacco; animal and vegetable oils, fats and waxes; oilseeds and oleaginous fruit (SITC sections 0, 1, 4 and division 22).- Raw materials: hides, skins and furskins, raw; crude rubber (including synthetic and reclaimed); cork and wood; pulp and waste paper; textile fibres and their wastes; crude animal and vegetable materials, n.e.s. (SITC divisions 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 29).(ii) Mining products- Ores and other minerals: crude fertilizers (other than those classified in chemicals) and crude minerals; metalliferous ores and metal scrap (SITC divisions 27, 28).- Fuels: (SITC section 3).- Non-ferrous metals: (SITC division 68).B. Manufactures: (SITC sections 5, 6, 7, 8 minus division 68 and group 891)(i) Iron and steel: (SITC division 67).(ii) Chemicals: organic chemicals (SITC division 51); plastics (SITC divisions 57, 58); inorganic chemicals (SITC division 52); pharmaceuticals (SITC division 54); other chemicals (SITC divisions 53, 55, 56, 59).(iii) Other semi-manufactures: leather, leather manufactures, n.e.s., and dressed furskins; rubber manufactures, n.e.s.; cork and wood manufactures (excluding furniture); paper, paperboard and articles of paper pulp, of paper or of paperboard; non-metallic mineral manufactures, n.e.s.; manufactures of metals, n.e.s. (SITC divisions 61, 62, 63, 64, 66, 69).(iv) Machinery and transport equipment: power generating machinery; other non-electrical machinery; office machines and telecommunications equipment; electrical machinery and apparatus; automotive products; other transport equipment (SITC section 7).- Power generating machinery: power generating machinery and equipment minus internal combustion piston engines, and parts thereof, n.e.s. (SITC division 71 minus group 713).- Other non-electrical machinery: machinery specialized for particular industries; metalworking machinery; general industrial machinery and equipment, n.e.s., and machine parts, n.e.s. (SITC divisions 72, 73, 74).- Office machines and telecommunications equipment: office machines and automatic data processing machines; telecommunications and sound recording and reproducing apparatus and equipment; thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes (SITC divisions 75, 76 and group 776).- Electrical machinery and apparatus: electrical machinery, apparatus and appliances, n.e.s., and electrical parts thereof; minus thermionic, cold cathode or photo-cathode valves and tubes; minus electrical equipment, n.e.s., for internal combustion engines and vehicles, and parts thereof (SITC division 77 minus group 776 and subgroup 7783).- Automotive products: motor cars and other motor vehicles principally designed for the transport of persons (other than public transport type vehicles) including station wagons and racing cars; motor vehicles for the transport of goods and special purpose motor vehicles; road motor vehicles, n.e.s.; parts and accessories of motor vehicles and tractors; internal combustion piston engines for vehicles listed above; electrical equipment, n.e.s., for internal combustion engines and vehicles, and parts thereof (SITC groups 781, 782, 783, 784, and subgroups 7132, 7783).- Other transport equipment: other transport equipment (railway vehicles, aircraft, spacecraft, ships and boats, and associated parts and equipment); motorcycles and cycles, motorized and non-motorized; trailers and semi-trailers, other vehicles (not mechanically propelled), and specially designed and equipped transport containers; internal combustion piston engines for aircraft, and parts thereof, n.e.s.; internal combustion piston engines, marine propulsion; internal combustion piston engines, n.e.s.; parts, n.e.s., for internal combustion piston engines listed above (SITC division 79, groups 785, 786, and subgroups 7131, 7133, 7138, 7139).(v) Textiles: (SITC division 65).(vi) Clothing: (SITC division 84).(vii) Other consumer goods: household articles, travel goods, footwear, instruments and apparatus, photography, optical goods, watches and clocks, and other manufactured articles, n.e.s. (SITC divisions 81, 82, 83, 85, 87, 88, 89 excluding group 891, arms and ammunition). Of which furniture (SITC division 82), travel goods (SITC division 83), footwear (SITC division 85), and toys and games (SITC group 894).C. Other products: commodities and transactions not classified elsewhere (including gold); arms and ammunition (SITC section 9 and group 891).3. CoverageTrade flowing through processing zones is not systematically recorded in national trade statistics and can result in significant under-recording of trade in certain goods. For example, the exclusion of these flows from the statistics for Central American and Caribbean countries has resulted in under-recording of their trade in clothing. When included, practices for classifying the goods involved also differ between countries. In recent years, however, improvements in data collection have resulted in the inclusion of processing trade for a number of countries including Costa Rica, Czech Republic, Hungary, Lithuania, Mexico, Morocco and the Ukraine. In all but one of these countries, this has resulted in breaks in the continuity of the data series. In the case of Mexico, trade flows through the special manufacturing zone known as the "maquiladoras" were previously excluded from official trade statistics, but reported separately by the Banco de México. The Secretariat included these flows in Mexico's exports and imports given their magnitude (ranging from 29 to 40 per cent of combined trade during the 1990-2000 period). These shipments have been included in Mexico's official trade statistics since 1992.4. World trade networkThe world merchandise trade network by region and product from which Appendix tables A2/A3 and A9/A10 are derived is based on export data. The network is constructed in the following way:First, total merchandise exports from each of the seven regions are aggregated from country figures published by the International Monetary Fund in International Financial Statistics, other international organizations, and national statistical authorities. They are supplemented by Secretariat estimates (see Appendix table A5).Next, the total merchandise exports of each region are distributed by destination and then by product. The regional and commodity breakdown is based on OECD, Monthly Statistics of Foreign Trade; UNSD, Comtrade database, International Trade Statistics Yearbook, and Monthly Bulletin of Statistics; national statistics and Secretariat estimates.During this process, the principal adjustments to the figures are as follows:(i) Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and Liberia are re-allocated from each region's exports to Latin America and Africa to "unspecified destinations" (a category not shown separately).(ii) Re-exports of Hong Kong, China are excluded. This is because the magnitude of Hong Kong, China's re-exports (9.8 per cent of Asian total merchandise exports in 2000) would introduce a significant element of double counting into the trade of the Asian region since a large proportion of Hong Kong, China's re-exports are goods of Chinese origin or have China as final destination.(iii) China's exports are adjusted to approximate their final destination.(iv) Exports of military goods and non-monetary gold, where known, are included. When they cannot be broken down by destination, they are allocated to "unspecified destinations".5. Merchandise trade of selected major traders by product, region and major trading partner (Appendix tables A11 to A21)These tables are derived from the UNSD Comtrade database. The figures in the tables for total merchandise trade are not necessarily the same as those in Appendix tables A5 and A6 (see Section III.1 below). For trade by product, world totals include shipments which have not been distinguished by origin or destination. For trade by region and partner, world totals include goods which have not been specified by product. The following adjustments have been made to the figures:(i) Exports of ships to the open registry countries Panama and Liberia are re-allocated from each economy's exports to Latin America and Africa to "unspecified destinations" (a category not shown separately).(ii) Merchandise trade of the European Union (Appendix tables A14 to A18)- part of Belgian imports included in "other products" are re-allocated to "automotive products";- French trade in military goods is included. It is allocated to "other products" and "unspecified origins and destinations".- official supplementary estimates of intra-EU exports and intra-EU imports beginning with 1993 that have not been transmitted to UNSD by the statistical authorities of EU member countries are included. For the United Kingdom, supplementary estimates have been distributed by product using national statistics. For other countries, whenever relevant, the figures have been allocated to "other products".- for the combined trade of EU member States (Appendix table A14), intra-imports have been replaced by intra-exports beginning with 1993 to partly compensate for the observed under-reporting of intra-imports resulting from INTRASTAT procedures (see Section III below).Selection of each reporter's major trading partners is based on a ranking of total trade (exports plus imports) of each reporter with their trading partners in 2000 (member States of the EU are counted as one trading partner).6. Merchandise trade in balance of payments statisticsMerchandise trade statistics together with other basic statistical systems (such as industrial and transport statistics) provide the foundation for the system of national accounts (SNA) and the balance of payments (BOP). Merchandise trade statistics are basic to the compilation of the goods account in the balance of payments as structured and defined in the fifth edition of the International Monetary Fund's Balance of Payments Manual (BPM5).Goods (merchandise) are defined in the SNA as "physical objects for which a demand exists, over which ownership rights can be established and whose ownership can be transferred from one institutional unit to another by engaging in transactions on markets". Thus, for the SNA and BOP statistics the recording of transactions should be based on the change of ownership principle.However, the compilation of international merchandise trade statistics (ITS) is usually based on customs records which essentially reflect the physical movement of goods across borders, and follow international guidelines on concepts and definitions which do not fully conform to the principles of the SNA and the BPM5.A number of adjustments have to be made to international merchandise trade statistics before they match the specific requirements of national accounts and balance of payments statistics. For aggregate exports and imports these adjustments are mainly related to coverage, the system of trade, and valuation.With respect to coverage, the ITS in most instances conforms with the BPM5. Differences remain for the following cases: (i) transactions that represent services transactions (e.g. blueprints, videos, and tapes) should be valued in ITS at the value of the material in which they are incorporated, while under BPM5 these transactions should be excluded from goods and included, at market value, in services; (ii) transactions in which one or both national boundaries are not crossed (e.g. trade in vessels and aircraft, exports of bunkers, etc.) are not always included in ITS for practical reasons, whereas they are usually included in BOP statistics; (iii) goods under the improvement and repair trade regime should be excluded from ITS, but they are to be included at the value of the repair under the BPM5.Concerning the system of trade, the ITS guidelines outline the measurement of trade flows on the basis of (1) the special trade system and (2) the general trade system. Under the special trade system, the customs frontier is regarded as the statistical boundary whereas, under the general system of trade, the national frontier is regarded as the statistical boundary. The BPM5 stresses that measurement for BOP compilation should be based on change of ownership rather than on the general trade system or the special trade system. The general trade system appears to be a better proxy for measuring change of ownership because it provides broader coverage and the date of change of ownership may be closer to the date goods cross the national frontier than to the date goods clear through customs.As far as valuation is concerned, the issue that affects most data comparability concerns the point of valuation, namely, whether goods are valued at the importer's border - that is at the c.i.f. value - or at the f.o.b. value at the exporter's border. ITS guidelines recommend the adoption of the c.i.f. valuation for imports whereas BPM5 requires the f.o.b. valuation. Additional adjustments may be made by BOP compilers to conform to the BPM5 requirement for a market price for valuing trade, processing trade, and with respect to currency conversion.Once adjusted, merchandise trade is recorded in the goods category of the current account, along with services, income, and current transfers. Therefore, within the balance of payments framework transactions in both goods and services are harmonized and provide for comparable statistical series, as in Table I.8. It is not strictly speaking correct to aggregate the figures for commercial services and merchandise shown elsewhere in this report.It should be noted that some countries still apply the concepts of the fourth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, and thus do not include goods for processing and goods procured in port carriers in the goods account.II.2 Trade in commercial services1. Exports and importsExports (credits) and imports (debits) of commercial services are derived from statistics on international service transactions included in the balance of payments statistics, in conformity with the concepts, definitions and classification of the fourth (1977) or fifth (1993) edition of the IMF Balance of Payments Manual.2. Definition of commercial servicesIn the fifth edition of the Balance of Payments Manual, the current account is subdivided into goods, services (including government services, n.i.e.), income (investment income and compensation of employees), and current transfers. The commercial services category in this report is defined as being equal to services minus government services, n.i.e. Commercial services is further sub-divided into transport, travel, and other commercial services.Transport covers all transportation services (sea, air and other - including land, internal waterway, space and pipeline) that are performed by residents of one economy for those of another, and that involve the carriage of passengers, the movement of goods (freight), rentals (charters) of carriers with crew, and related supporting and auxiliary services.Travel includes goods and services acquired by personal travellers, for health, education or other purposes, and by business travellers. Unlike other services, travel is not a specific type of service, but an assortment of goods and services consumed by travellers. The most common goods and services covered are lodging, food and beverages, entertainment and transportation (within the economy visited), gifts and souvenirs.Other commercial services corresponds to the following components defined in BPM5:(i) communication services (telecommunications, postal and courier services);(ii) construction services;(iii) insurance services;(iv) financial services;(v) computer and information services (including news agency services);(vi) royalties and licence fees, covering payments and receipts for the use of intangible non-financial assets and proprietary rights, such as patents, copyrights, trademarks, industrial processes, and franchises;(vii) other business services, comprising trade related services, operational leasing (rentals), and miscellaneous business, professional and technical services such as legal, accounting, management consulting, public relations services, advertising, market research and public opinion polling, research and development services, architectural, engineering, and other technical services, agricultural, mining and on-site processing; and(viii) personal, cultural, and recreational services including audiovisual services.3. Coverage and comparabilityAlthough in recent years the coverage and comparability of services trade data have improved, recorded trade figures still lack comparability across countries and are subject to significant distortions.First, some countries do not collect statistics for certain service categories. Second, some service transactions are simply not registered. If central bank records are used, situations where no financial intermediaries are employed are not counted. In the case of surveys, the coverage of trading establishments is often incomplete. A particularly serious problem is that services transmitted electronically are frequently unregistered, especially when the transactions take place within multinational corporations. Third, statistics may be reported on a net rather than on a gross basis, often as a result of compensation arrangements such as in rail transport or in communication services. Fourth, the alternate sources used for countries which are not members of the IMF do not necessarily comply with the IMF concepts and definitions. Fifth, misclassification of transactions may lead to an underestimation of commercial services when service transactions are registered as income, transfers or trade in merchandise rather than trade in services or, conversely, to an overestimation of commercial services when transactions pertaining to income, transfers or official transactions are registered in the private service categories.These distortions may be particularly significant at the detailed level, i.e., for a detailed service category, or for trade flows by origin and destination.The implementation of BPM5 will result in an improvement of country comparability over time. However, given that these improvements are being made gradually, they also result in a number of breaks in series. The borderline between goods and services, as well as the borderlines between the components of commercial services differ in BPM4 and BPM5. Examples of such differences are:(i) most processing transactions are included under goods on a gross basis in BPM5, while in BPM4 only the value of the fees paid for processing are included in services;(ii) goods procured in ports, such as fuels and provisions, are included in goods in BPM5, and in services (transport) in BPM4;(iii) in BPM4, insurance services are normally measured by the net premiums defined as premiums less claims, while in BPM5, insurance services reflects the "normal" service charge, i.e. administrative services and part of the earnings; the rest of the net premiums or the actual risk premiums is recorded under current transfers or in the financial account in case of life insurance; in addition, freight insurance is part of transport in BPM4, and part of insurance services in BPM5; and(iv) the expenditure of seasonal and border workers is included in labour income in BPM4, and in travel in BPM5.II.3 Other definitions and methods1. Annual changesThroughout this report, average annual percentage changes are analogous to compound interest rates. In calculating the average annual rate of change between 1990 and 2000, for example, data for calendar year 1990 were taken as the beginning point, and data for calendar year 2000 as the end point.2. Commodity pricesCommodity price movements are primarily described by indices largely based on spot market prices, and therefore exclude transactions governed by longer-term contracts. Price indices for such commodities as food, beverages, agricultural raw materials, minerals, non-ferrous metals, fertilizers and crude petroleum are obtained from IMF International Financial Statistics. Aggregates for all primary commodities and for non-fuel primary commodities are calculated using IMF weights.3. Merchandise trade volume and unit value indicesThe volume and unit value indices are taken from a range of different international and national sources. The reported volume and unit value indices may not always be available for the most recent years or may differ in product coverage from the corresponding value indices. For example, the indices reported by France exclude electricity, military and railway equipment, electronics, analysing and controlling instruments, shipbuilding and aeronautics, and machine tools. Switzerland excludes jewellery, antiques, and precious metals from its indices.Aggregation of the indices to obtain a world total is a two-tier process. First, export and import unit values are adjusted to the extent possible for differences in coverage and, in cases of missing data, completed with Secretariat estimates. They are then aggregated to obtain regional totals. The volume index for each region is obtained by dividing the respective trade value index for each region by the corresponding regional unit value index.Second, to obtain the total world merchandise volume index, regional unit value indices are aggregated and the world trade value is deflated by the world unit value index. Throughout the aggregation process trade values of the previous year are used as weights.4. World productionProduction of agriculture, mining and manufacturing is defined according to major Divisions 1, 2 and 3 of the International Standard Industrial Classification (ISIC). World production in these sectors is estimated by combining production indices published by the FAO, IMF, OECD, UNIDO and UNSD. The world index is derived through aggregation of the three sectors by using value added shares in 1990 as weights.5. World gross domestic productWorld GDP growth is estimated as a weighted average of economies' real GDP growth. The weights used are shares of economies in 1990 world nominal GDP converted to dollars at market exchange rates.The use of official exchange rates which are not market-based for some major economies, together with the fluctuations of the United States dollar vis-à-vis major currencies can have a significant impact on the weighting pattern. The increasing use of weights based on purchasing power parities (PPP) by other international organizations is meant to attenuate "anomalies" linked to these factors. In a period of widely diverging growth rates among countries and regions, the choice of the weighting pattern can have a marked influence on the global growth estimate. For the 1990-2000 period, global growth estimates based on PPP-weights indicate a significantly faster growth than estimates using weights based on GDP data measured at market exchange rates. This is because of differences in the two weighting patterns. Relative to weights based on GDP at market exchange rates, PPP weights are low for the transition economies - especially the successor States of the former USSR with a poor growth record, and high for major developing countries (in particular China) with above average growth.6. Re-exportsUnder the system of general trade adopted in this report, re-exports are included in total merchandise trade (see Section II.1). However, in the case of Hong Kong, China, the magnitude of its re-exports (amounting in 2000 to $179 billion), if included in regional or world aggregates, would adversely affect the analytical value of the statistics by introducing a significant element of double counting. Therefore, Hong Kong, China's re-exports are excluded from the world and from Asia aggregates (unless otherwise indicated); only Hong Kong, China's domestic exports and retained imports are included in the totals. For this reason, the figures for world exports and for exports of Asia shown in Appendix tables A2/A3 and A9/A10 are smaller than those in Appendix table A5. Since retained imports cannot be identified from imports directly, an approximation is derived by subtracting the value of re-exports from the value of imports. The resulting figure will, however, under-estimate the value of retained imports by the amount of the re-export margin.III. Breaks in data continuity1. Merchandise trade statistics of the European UnionThe introduction of a new system for collecting statistics on trade between the member States of the EU in January 1993 - INTRASTAT - which was briefly described in the GATT annual report 1994, International Trade Trends and Statistics, has affected EU merchandise trade statistics in a number of ways. The system has resulted in the loss of continuity with pre-1993 trade figures. Difficulties in implementing the new system have resulted in reporting delays and numerous revisions in the figures. More generally, the EU intra-trade statistics collected through INTRASTAT are markedly less accurate than statistics collected under the previous system.The coverage of the current system, which relies on reports submitted by firms for transactions above a minimum value, is not as wide as the previous one, which was based on customs declarations. Estimates for non-response and exemptions from reporting obligations are made by the statistical authorities of some member States but these estimates cannot always be broken down by product, and they most probably under-record the actual trade flows, so that continuity with pre-1993 figures has been lost. In some cases, as well, estimates of under-reporting have not been included in submissions to the United Nations Statistical Division for inclusion in the Comtrade database, which has also contributed to a marked disruption in the continuity of the Secretariat's traditional data source.Prior to the adoption of the current system, reported intra-EU imports (c.i.f.) closely matched reported intra-EU exports (f.o.b.). From 1993, however, the reported value of intra-EU imports has been on average around 6.5 per cent below the value of intra-EU exports, indicating a substantial under-reporting of intra-EU imports. Given the significance of this inconsistency, the Secretariat has used intra-EU export data to adjust for the under-reporting of intra-EU imports. However, this adjustment could not be allocated between EU member countries. As a result, the sum of reported imports of individual EU members does not add to the figure for EU imports as a whole (see, for example, Appendix Table A6). This adjustment is also reflected in the volume estimates for the EU as a whole.Due to reporting delays to UNSD, the latest merchandise trade statistics for all EU member States were not available at the time the world trade network by region and product was prepared. As a result, the Secretariat has had to partly estimate the 2000 product breakdown of the EU.The EU accounts for some 35 per cent of world merchandise trade. It is also the major market for the exports of Africa, the Middle East and the CIS - all regions for which detailed trade statistics are scarce. EU trade statistics, both for EU member countries and for trade with these partner countries, therefore play a key rôle in global trade statistics and are of particular importance in the construction of the world trade network by region and product. Reporting delays and the decline in the reliability of EU intra-trade statistics have resulted in an increase in the margin of error in the Secretariat's trade estimates.Due to a change in the definition of the statistical territory, the merchandise trade statistics of France include trade of French Guiana, Guadeloupe, Martinique and Reunion beginning with 1996.2. Merchandise trade of Central and Eastern Europe, the Baltic States and the CISBeginning in 1990, trade data for Bulgaria and the former USSR were converted into dollars at official, market-oriented exchange rates, replacing the earlier practice of using implicit conversion factors. This created breaks in continuity in the corresponding time series between 1989 and 1990. Valuation problems are discussed in more detail in Box 1 in Volume I of International Trade 1990-91 and in Box 2 in Volume I of International Trade 1989-90.Figures for the Czech Republic and the Slovak Republic include trade between these two countries. As regards the Baltic States and the CIS, trade figures cover their mutual exchanges starting with 1996. Total merchandise exchanges among these countries amounted to some $36 billion in 1998, $29 billion in 1999, and $38 billion in 2000. The inclusion of the mutual trade has therefore resulted in substantial breaks in the continuity of the trade series at the country and regional levels between 1995 and 1996.The political and economic upheavals in the region caused disruptions in statistical reporting systems. Although some countries improved or adapted their systems, detailed trade statistics are still not available for many country/periods (except for the Russian Federation). As a result, the Secretariat has estimated their trade largely on the basis of the statistics of their trading partners.The implementation of internationally agreed concepts and definitions for collecting merchandise trade statistics will result in an improvement of country comparability over time. However, given that these improvements are being made gradually, they also result in a number of breaks in series. Breaks in the continuity in the trade figures were identified for the following countries: for the Czech Republic between 1992 and 1993 due to the inclusion of shipments through processing zones, and between 1998 and 1999 due to the exclusion of aircrafts and ships movements through inward processing zones, as well as the exclusion of temporary exports and imports; for Hungary between 1995 and 1996 due to the inclusion of shipments through processing zones; for Estonia between 1998 and 1999 due the change from the general to the special system of trade; for Lithuania between 1994 and 1995 due to the change from the special to the general system of trade; for Ukraine between 1994 and 1995 due to a change in data collection procedures and the inclusion of shipments through processing zones ; for the Slovak Republic between 1996 and 1997, and for Poland between 1997 and 1998 due to the introduction of new arrangements in customs procedures to harmonize with the standards of the European Union.Considerable uncertainty remains about the accuracy of the foreign trade statistics of the Russian Federation, especially as regards imports. A large proportion of the reported data on imports consists of official estimates of inflows of goods which enter the country without being registered by the customs authorities. Such adjustments to import data accounted for 27, 26 and 25 per cent of the officially reported totals in 1998, 1999, and 2000 respectively; on the export side, such adjustments accounted for about 5, 4 and 2 per cent respectively.IV. Statistical sourcesMost frequently used sources for statistics are:EUROSTAT, External and Intra-European Union TradeFAO, Production YearbookFAO, Trade YearbookIMF, Balance of Payments StatisticsIMF, International Financial StatisticsIMF, World Economic OutlookOECD, Main Economic IndicatorsOECD, National AccountsOECD, Monthly Statistics of Foreign TradeOECD/IEA, Energy Prices & TaxesUNECE, Economic Survey of EuropeUNIDO, National Accounts Statistics DatabaseUNSD, Comtrade databaseUNSD, International Trade Statistics YearbookUNSD, Monthly Bulletin of StatisticsWorld Bank, World Development IndicatorsWorld Bank, World TablesThese sources are supplemented by national publications and Secretariat estimates.The merchandise trade statistics in this report are largely derived from two sources. Figures for total merchandise trade are derived from IMF, International Financial Statistics. Data on merchandise trade by origin, destination and product come mainly from the UNSD Comtrade database. Some inconsistencies in the aggregate export and import data for the same country or territory between the two sources are inevitable. These can be attributed to the use of different systems of recording trade, to the way in which IMF and UNSD have converted data expressed in national currencies into dollars, and revisions which can be more readily incorporated in the IMF data.Statistics on trade in commercial services are mainly drawn from the IMF Balance of Payments Statistics. For countries that do not report to the IMF (e.g., Hong Kong, China; Macau, China; and Taipei, Chinese) data are drawn from national sources. Estimations for missing data are mainly based on national statistics. Statistics on trade in commercial services by origin and destinations (Tables III.6 and III.7) are also derived from national statistics.Acknowledgements are due to the Food and Agriculture Organization, the International Monetary Fund, the Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, the Statistical Office of the European Communities, the United Nations Economic Commission for Europe, the United Nations Statistics Division, the United Nations Industrial Development Organization and the World Bank whose assistance in supplying advance copies of their publications as well as other information has greatly facilitated the work of the Secretariat. Acknowledgements are also due to national institutions for providing advance statistics.About WTOThe World Trade Organization (WTO) deals with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible. MoreWorld Trade Organization - Global tradeGlobal trade - The World Trade Organization (WTO) deals with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.http://wto.orgWorld Trade Organization - Global tradeGlobal trade - The World Trade Organization (WTO) deals with the global rules of trade between nations. Its main function is to ensure that trade flows as smoothly, predictably and freely as possible.http://wto.org

A delivery service is a business that almost anyone can start. Such a service is one that can offered to business needing supplies documents delivered or those needing personal errands to be run. The start-up costs for a delivery business are small, and regardless of your niche, you have to treat it like any business by first developing a comprehensive business plan and making a research into the niche you will be going to.What Does It Take to Start a Delivery Business?Depending on the state or county you will be operating from, you will need to find out the licenses or permits that will be needed before starting out. However, majority of your business will be done outside your home or office, as you will most likely be out delivering your packages, and will need your home or office to keep documents and store packages.When starting off, you not only will need car insurance if you will be using your car; but you will also need to make a list of the businesses in your area that you believe will benefit from your delivery service. They could be grocery stores, pharmacies, restaurants, banks, flower shops, offices, gift shops, or even hospitals. Apart from these places, you can also consider senior centers and consider delivering to seniors who can’t move. You would also have to consider pricing your services appropriately depending on your clients.So, if you are looking to start a lucrative delivery business, then you may want to consider some of these business ideas that are being listed below.50 Delivery Business Ideas That Can Make You a MillionaireLegal Notice DeliveryThe service of a notice is often a key step in creating, exercising, maintaining or terminating legal rights pursuant to a lease, a contract for the sale of property or an option agreement. Key examples include, notices under the Landlord and Tenant Act, break notices, court appearances, and option notices.As one going into this niche, you have to understand the importance of notices, and make sure that a notice is served strictly in accordance with the relevant requirements is essential. Failure to follow this strict requirement might lead to consequences. You would have to work closely with law offices and attorneys in your region.2. Print DeliveryThis kind of delivery business that specializes in print jobs, which could range from business cards, canvas, fliers, handbills, and others. You would have to understand that with this business it is important that clients get their jobs on time. To help you out, you can set time frames for job delivery. The time frames would depend on whether the order delivery was directly from the store, or whether you were contacted to handle the delivery by the owner of the printed jobs.Your charges will depend on your clients and the kind of jobs that you will be delivering. You would have to work closely with print jobs and advertising agencies too.3. Machinery Hauler BusinessMachinery hauling refers to heavy equipment. Any entrepreneur going into this business would need not only a large truck for hauling but also enough capital for insurance, licenses and permit. Heavy machinery is often required by construction companies, mining companies, and other such companies like that.You would need to thoroughly research into this area properly, and ensure that you deliver the equipment as at when need and within the time schedule.4. Grocery DeliveryDelivering groceries is convenient for some people as it is inconvenient for other people. Time is precious to most people as their jobs make them busy and they will gladly pay extra bucks to have their grocery delivered to them.You would need to have several coolers to keep the grocery fresh, frozen and cool especially in hot weather. You would need a cell phone, car for delivery, and a website, though this is optional. In setting your prices, find out the rates your competitors are setting and charge yours accordingly.5. Egg Delivery BusinessEgg is a product that is consumed both adults and children as it can be fried, cooked, toasted, and used for other means such as health. If you start your own egg delivery, you can be assured of being in business as long as you want, as new markets would continually open up for you once clients see how reliable you are.The demand for eggs not only stops with individuals but with businesses too, such as hotels and restaurants. In starting this business, you would need to partner with as many local farmers as possible, depending on the demand. Also, you would need a truck or car to safely deliver the eggs.6. Furniture Delivery and Assembly BusinessIf you are a handy person and have a truck and basic tools, then starting a furniture delivery and assembly business is the perfect new venture for you. The business can be managed from home, so that your overhead costs are at a minimum.Before starting out however, contact your local furniture and office supply stores to see if they are already providing their customers with a delivery and assembly option. If they aren’t, strike a deal to provide their customers with the business. Another company to partner with is a moving truck company, as they are usually moving lots of furniture from one place to another.7. Sandwich and Salad Delivery BusinessThis is an inexpensive business to go into and has the potential of generating good revenue for you weekly. Ideally, you would have to establish a sandwich route in office districts or industrial districts of a community or city, as this would enable that you already have a large number of customers.If you won’t be making the sandwiches yourself, you could partner with a catering service or restaurant that will supply the sandwiches and salad on a regular basis, while you build a customer base to purchase the sandwiches and salads.8. Bread and Milk Delivery ServiceIf you are looking into a profitable business venture and that will provide you with a steady income, then the delivery of bread and milk is sure to guarantee you that, as almost everyone eats bread and milk.Once you start this business, the most important thing you would have to consider is to make sure that the product from a trusted manufacturer, so as to ensure the freshness and quality of your delivery. The essential factor to consider here is that you would need to be waking up early so as to ensure that your customers get their breakfast early enough. You would need a reliable vehicle to be successful in this business.9. Computer Delivery and Assembly ServiceIn starting out this business, the best way is to establish joint ventures with retailers of new and secondhand computer systems and equipment. You could also consider marketing additional products and services along with the delivery and assembly service, which could include computer security items retail, computer cleaning services, as well as software installations and other kinds of services.Operating the computer delivery and assembly service will require that you have knowledge of computers and software. Handling this business properly could yield enough revenue.10. Online Ordering SystemThis is a process that allows customers order for what they want online; choose the items they want, a delivery time and a store location. This kind of business will require more than one person involved, so that one handles the online orders, while the other delivers.This is also known as a convenience kind of business, where customers get to decide what item is convenient for them plus the delivery time as well.11. Coffee Delivery BusinessCoffee is one breakfast beverage that people love to take in the morning. Most people love to start their morning with a fresh brew of coffee, which is why the coffee delivery business is a great business that will be of immense benefit to people. You could deliver to offices and help employers keep their employees happy.The most important factor in starting this business is the location, if you do not have a strategic location, having the best coffee in the world would not matter, if you would not be able to deliver to people that would want it on time. Also, you have to ensure that you have different tastes and flavors of coffee.12. Clothing Subscription ServicesThis is a service for those who need little help with their wardrobe. The way which people can shop has changed over the past few years, with a variety of subscription websites now existing to allow people set their preference and receive new shipments of clothing bi-weekly, monthly or quarterly.An entrepreneur starting this business has to ensure that he or she aggressively sources for clients both offline and online, as business will only begin to grow few years after customers might have known about it.13. Eyeglasses Delivery BusinessAround 20% of the entire population of the world needs correction eyeglasses at certain times of their life, hence, starting off this business has a lot of potentials. In starting off this business, you would need to deliver the eyeglasses to the correct owners and get a commission for doing so. You would need a bicycle, motorcycle or a car and a cell phone.14. Fruit Delivery BusinessThis is for those who want fresh fruits that are organic and straight from the orchard or farm. Customers get to select the fruits they want, and you partner with the locals to inspect the fruits and ensure that you will be delivering only fresh fruits to your customers.In this business, you would need a cell phone and a reliable car to be able to deliver the fruits to your customers when and where they would need them. You can get your clients to set up a standing order, that way you get to deliver the fruits at a scheduled time.15. Chuck Wagon BusinessChuck Wagons are converted delivery step vans. Chuck wagons are everywhere and this type of business venture can be regarded as very easy. You can get an enclosed trailer and convert it to a chuck wagon, and equip it with fryers and grills. You can also purchase an already fitted chuck wagon to use.This business is flexible in terms of hours and location; your location can be anywhere. As an entrepreneur starting out, you will need to acquire a vendor’s permit and health board certificate to be able to operate.16. Bottled Water Delivery BusinessIt is estimated that half of the 6 billion people living on earth have no access to clean water, which is why a lot of people are forced to buy water especially to drink; and due to the fact that water is drunk everyday especially as doctors and fitness experts advise people to drink at least 8 glasses a day, this is not a business that would be stopping anytime soon.If you want to go into this business, apart from obtaining a business license in order to operate, you would need to establish a consistent billing plan that will ensure that your customers continue to patronize your services, and also be consistent in your delivery of the water to your customers.17. Pizza Delivery BusinessStarting a pizza business delivery business is not only a profitable kind of business because of the high yields in profit margin, but it is a popular choice of food deliveries. If you enjoy unique creations and like to cook, you would find the pizza delivery business to be an enjoyable venture.You first have to develop a comprehensive business plan, where you will outline your ideas, objectives, obstacles and possible pitfalls that you might encounter. After getting a good location, you would need to prepare a menu and tweak them to the standard your customers would enjoy.18. Transplant Organ Courier ServiceTransplant organ courier services are those that are employed by donor agencies and hospitals to help transfer organs from hospital to hospital. As a courier in this kind of business, you will be required to use different means of transport from cars and airplanes so that the organs can be carried in small containers full of ice, and delivered on time to where it is needed.In starting this business, it would require that you meet certain strict requirements and have special licenses from the state you would be operating on.19. Laboratory Test DeliveryThe healthcare industry is changing dramatically, as more and more people are being urged to take responsibility for their health, which calls for more people needing their blood work or other kinds of tests done. Usually, the tests results are regarded as private documents, but there are so many factors that can cause one not to be around to take their tests, which is where a delivery service for laboratory results comes into play.In starting this business, you would require a several licenses and permits, as you will be delivering results to other healthcare facilities and individuals.20. Pet Food Delivery BusinessAccording to the American Pet Products Association, 71.4 million homes own a pet, with 93.6 million cats and 77.7 million dogs. The total expenditure for the pet industry exceeds $45.5 billion. Annually, each pet household spends $229 on dog food and $203 on cat food. This makes this industry perfect for any serious entrepreneur.All you would need to start this business is a cell phone, a computer, and a reliable van. You can work from home, and use your garage as a storage space for ordered bulk products. You also do not need to limit your services to food only, as you could deliver toys, litters, treats and food bowls as well.21. Community Delivery ServiceIf you have a cell phone to handle customers calls and a reliable means of transportation, you can offer clients in your community convenient and fast delivery services that can encompass a whole lot of services such as spirits, dry cleaning, fast foods, event tickets, medications, groceries, flowers, pet foods and anything else imaginable that can be delivered.The business would require that you put your management and marketing skills to work. You could also subcontract certain tasks to others and then split the revenue according to an agreed split rate.22. Auto Parts DeliveryAuto parts delivery is an intense business due to the high rate of competition but it is a lucrative business as well. To be successful in this business, you would need to achieve all the necessary requirements necessary for you to start.To start this business, several factors need to be considered. You first need to research on the local auto service market. Research will help you learn who your strongest competitors are. Secondly, you will need to pick a strategic location, where customers can see your business and contact you when necessary.23. Balloon Delivery ServiceBefore starting a balloon delivery business, you will need to determine exactly what balloons you’d want to be selling to your customers, and the areas you would like to cover. It’d be best though if you start small, and work your way outward as your business grows in size.Depending on your budget, get what you need first. Contact potential clients and tell them about your business. Ensure that you develop a logo and catchy name for your business.24. Office Supply StoreDelivering to an office is a recession proof business because offices need a regular supply to cater to their various needs day-to-day such as ink, paper, paper clips, and so many other things. This business is a lucrative and sustainable business for any serious entrepreneur.In starting this business, you will have to estimate the start-up costs, write your business plan and obtain your financing. You will also need to find wholesale suppliers and partner with them to be able to deliver regularly at offices.25. Liquor Delivery Service BusinessThe liquor delivery business has the right yield for the right entrepreneur, and is quite recession proof. While most service based industries tend to suffer during economic downturns, this has not affected the demand for liquor which remains high. The downside of this business is that it is a regulated service industry and is subject to variable regulatory concerns depending on the city one is operating in.Home delivery of liquor is a niche market that has remained controversial since it is susceptible to abuse as it can be delivered to minors. If you are starting up this business, you will need to accommodate several limitations such as the time liquor can be delivered, the amount you can deliver, the age of the delivery person, and the documentation requirement for the recipient.26. Air Freight BusinessStarting this kind of business is not for the faint of heart or an unserious entrepreneur. This is a high tech, expensive and somewhat complicated business. You can enter this business either as a commercial cargo carrier or as a freight forwarder. If you intend to be a cargo carrier, you would need a plane or fleet of planes to be able to carry cargo from one destination to another. A freight forwarder on the other hand will need just the use of a commercial carrier.You would need to carry out a thorough research on this kind of business, and a business plan as well. Also there are certain requirements that you might be required to fulfill, like procuring papers to allow you move the goods.27. School Supply BusinessA school supply business can be a traditional brick and mortar business or an online business. Your supply and delivery store should be capable of delivering supplies to schools where and when they are needed. You would need to approach schools and ask if they have a supply service, if they do not, you could then fill up the gap.In order to start a school supply business, you would need to get a great location, suitable budget, and a reliable wholesale supplier. Your delivery system would have to be very reliable.28. Flyer Delivery BusinessBusinesses and organizations use fliers as a means of promoting their brands, for sales and specials, and for any upcoming events. Flyers are an inexpensive way of spreading marketing message to the target markets. If you are going to be starting this kind of business, you would need to have a cell phone and a reliable means of transport.29. School Bus ServicesA school bus is very important especially for parents who don’t have any other means of taking their children to school. If you are living in a neighborhood that has a lots of students, this is the opportunity you need at starting this business, and making the business a success.You will need a vehicle to deliver the children to either their homes or the school. You will also need to find out the requirements and licenses that will be required from you, especially as you would be handling so many young children at once. You would also need to ensure that your vehicle is safe in transporting children.30. Restaurant Delivery Service BusinessAccording to the Food and Nutrition website, nearly 60% of every dollar spent on food is spent on food consumed outside the home. Restaurants not only wait for customers to come to their establishments, they are also offering prepared food ready to heat and eat at home for customers that require such services.In starting this business, you would have to decide on the delivery area, you intend to service. It’d be best if you choose an area with a high population and income that will help sustain your business. Working couples and especially upscale families are a good target niche.31. Bicycle Service CourierIn starting this business, you would need to check and see if a courier license is required in the vicinity you want to operate from. It is only after you have cleared this hurdle that you can then look into marketing your bicycle courier services.You can charge your customers similar rates as tem motorized couriers charge with more benefits accrued to you, especially as your overhead and operating costs will be a tiny fraction of motorized couriers. One person with a cell phone can handle this business, and as it expands, there can be multiple bikes with a central dispatch system.32. Newspaper Delivery ServiceThis is an old business but can still be profitable if you make a thorough research into this field. If you are determined, you can carve out a share for yourself in this market. You can create your own niche by looking for a service to add to your newspaper delivery.You will need a bicycle to be able to carry out this business successfully. You also have to work in an area, where there is scarcity of newspaper deliverers and look to make your own service stand out.33. After Hours Delivery ServiceThis is a niche kind of delivery service where customers can receive their packages after the normal delivery hours. If you are starting this kind of business, then you should be on hand to partner with courier services so as to be able to serve your customers well. You would need to have a cell phone and a car to be able to carry out this kind of business.34. Rental Table and Chair Delivery BusinessRental chairs and tables are an essential part aspect of the entertainment industry. People rent tables and chairs for small and large scale events, such as birthday parties, school reunions, meetings, seminars and conferences, or any occasion that would require the sitting of guests.In starting this business, you’d have to partner with several event planners so as to be able to help them with delivering chairs and rentals to the occasion they are in charge of.35. Medical Supply BusinessMedical professionals of all kinds from opticians to midwives, from veterinarians to dentists, all need specific supplies to be able to carry out their jobs effectively and efficiently. Most medical equipments are usually gotten from niche companies, delivering medical equipment is another niche that you can go into.To start this kind of business, you need to target a niche and decide which area you would love to deliver to. You would also need to find out the requirements and licenses from the state’s public health department that would be required from you.36. Airport Shuttle ServiceAn airport shuttle service is a very profitable business to own and operate. The largest challenge in starting this business is in acquiring an operator’s license, which is usually very difficult to obtain through the local government channels in most areas of the country.It is however not impossible to obtain an operator’s license. This kind of business is best accomplished by building alliances and partnerships with companies and local business that can supply you with customers.37. Post Office BusinessThis kind of business is ideal to start up in new communities, and many entrepreneurs are exploring this venture. If you decide to go into this business, you should carry out a thorough research so as to understand all the important details regarding the business before starting off. You will deliver letters and packages to clients.Running this kind of business will require a business plan, where you will need to indicate how you intend to run your business and attract customers.38. Dinner Ingredients DeliveryWorking couples do not want the hassles of going back home to cook up dinner after a stressful day; this is the niche that this business intends to cover. Having pre-packed ingredients for clients so that they can cook when they get home will turn a nice profit for your business.In starting this business, you would need to get the necessary food packs for the ready to cook ingredients, a cell phone and a reliable means of transport.39. Drug Delivery BusinessNo, you aren’t to deliver illegal drugs, but prescription drugs. Some sick people usually require assistance with refilling their prescriptions. Also seniors face these challenges especially when they have serious health issues. This is an opportunity market for any serious entrepreneur.However, you have to research on this business properly so you would find out the requirements, as you might need a special license to be able to handle drugs on behalf of others, which may be prone to abuse.40. Dry Cleaning DeliveryFor those with good organizational skills, and hoping to earn good money, then this business might just be the one for you. You will need to contract with dry-cleaning establishments so as to be able to comfortable deliver service to your customer. Your task will be to pick up the dirty clothes from their homes and offices, take them in for cleaning, and pick them up after servicing and returning to the rightful owners.You can choose to arrange with your customers on when you would need to be stopping by, and if you would be picking up more dirty clothes, as you return the clean ones. You could also decide to give your customers the emergency pickup option.41. Diaper Delivery ServiceBefore starting this business, it would be best if you carry out a thorough research and feasibility study as to the state or county’s requirements. Starting the business will only see you have a tiny fraction of the market, as people would only become aware of your business after a few years.You will have to determine what type of diaper will be offered in your diaper service. You will need to get the list of manufacturers who supply diapers in bulk and partner with the ones that will be favorable to your business. Most people in this business deliver cloth diapers and sanitize the diapers before delivering them. You would need to pick out a niche for yourself.42. Senior Errand Service BusinessDue to the fact that people get older, they are less capable of carrying out certain daily tasks like picking up prescription service, grocery shopping, and other such tasks. This is where the errand service comes in.Serious errand runners can make a nice profit if they are serious. To get started, you will have to decide on the legal structure and name of your business. You will also need insurance, a cell phone and a reliable means of transport to get you and your customers to whatever errands you might need to run.43. Concierge ServiceConcierges help deliver services to individuals and organizations, by ensuring that clients stay organized above the clutter of life or the environment around them. In this regard, concierges offer a service delivery business.To start this business, you have got to have a knack of ensuring your clients have it stress-free by running errands, and doing whatever is necessary.44. Flower Delivery BusinessIf you are passionate about flowers and have the skills in arranging flowers, you can start your own flower delivery business. The first thing you would need to do is to find the perfect location. You would need to find somewhere that doesn’t have the too much competition.Ensure you get the appropriate licenses and permits. You will also need to get a business phone where clients would be able to use to get in touch with you, and have you deliver flowers to them.45. Quick Messenger ServiceThis is for people who do not want to use the regular courier or errand person in getting things. This kind of service is not limited to an age group. A quick messenger service is a specialized form of delivery service and can be regarded as a niche market.46. Mail Order Catalog BusinessYou would need to develop a business plan that determines the types of products you want to sell and how your catalog will be different from other catalogs that sells the same items as yourself. You would need to research on the startup expenses that would be required to run this business.Obtain the necessary finances, and there are many ways you can do this, which is through your savings, or third parties such as fried and families or investors. After getting a good location, you would then need to source for the products that you intend to sell.47. Marijuana Delivery BusinessThe marijuana business is one that has very strict requirements and also needs a large amount of finance to start off. This should not however stop you from going into this kind of business, as you can go into marijuana delivery business.You would need a steady source of supply so that you do not run out of supply for your customers. You would be required to have a medical marijuana recommendation, and will also need to collect a standard documentation from each of the clients you deliver to.48. Lunch Delivery ServicePeople who are busy at work, seniors who barely have the time will want to be able to have their lunches according to their specification without needing to go out or pack a lunch to work. This can be done over the internet or through a call.To deliver this kind of service, you would need to partner with restaurants that can offer up different dishes where customers can choose from.49. Gift Basket Delivery BusinessA gift basket is usually a creative venture, as one has to be creative about the kind of gifts placed inside the basket. To go into this business, you would have to either start your own gift basket business or partner with those who are into the business and help them in delivering to their customers.To start this business, you would need a reliable means of transport as well as a cell phone to stay in touch with your partners and your customers as well. This is a business that can turn a nice profit for you.50. Courier ServiceAnyone can start a courier service, as long as they have a reliable means of transportation, that will enable them pick up and deliver packages each day. Your means of transportation could be a car or van, only becoming a truck when you have to deliver a large number of packages.Most people starting this business usually start from home to reduce overhead cost. You have to decide if you want to focus on residential customers, business customers or both. You can decide what kind of packages you would want to deliver and their weights too.In conclusion, even as the economy is poor, you can successfully run a delivery business. People want the ease of having things brought to their door. With a cell phone and reliable transportation, you can deliver just about anything legally imaginable for your clients.