Pregnancy Among Women Physicians: Fill & Download for Free

There is substantial evidence that our later life mental and physical health is affected during pregnancy if the chemical sequences are disrupted. This is why physicians ask women to avoid using a wide variety of chemicals--see "Development Patterning of the Limb Skeleton" by Kimberly L. Cooper and Clifford J. Tabin, for example.In terms of nurture, having a "one answer" style of leadership or authoritarianism based on a pain-pleasure reward system leads many to follow. A severe example of this is recorded inWomen Suicide Bombers: Narratives of ViolenceBy V. G. Julie Rajanwhere the use of psychotropic drugs, rape, isolation, emotional battering induces of state of wanting to please others. Men that get away with such abuse can often mask their behavior. (The text is available online through Google if you search).Many of the psychopathic personalities have an inability to emotionally relate to others--this is usually deemed a disconnect in the brain although some forms of pain insensitivity are the result of Agenesis of the corpus callosum, one of the side effects of alcohol use during pregnancy among other chemicals.Some forms of mental illness such as Schizophrenia are related to genetic defects or by generalized brain damage.

The connection is still being investigated. An outbreak of Zika virus infection was recognized in north-east Brazil in early 2015 . In September 2015, health authorities began to receive reports from physicians in this region of an increase in the number of infants born with microcephaly. Excessive and redundant scalp skin, reported in about a third of cases suggests acute intrauterine brain injury, indicating and arrest in cerebral growth, but not in growth of scalp skin.This is from the January 29, 2016 edition of Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report:"In early 2015, an outbreak of Zika virus, a flavivirus transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes, was identified in northeast Brazil, an area where dengue virus was also circulating. By September, reports of an increase in the number of infants born with microcephaly in Zika virus-affected areas began to emerge, and Zika virus RNA was identified in the amniotic fluid of two women whose fetuses had been found to have microcephaly by prenatal ultrasound. The Brazil Ministry of Health (MoH) established a task force to investigate the possible association of microcephaly with Zika virus infection during pregnancy and a registry for incident microcephaly cases (head circumference ≥2 standard deviations [SD] below the mean for sex and gestational age at birth) and pregnancy outcomes among women suspected to have had Zika virus infection during pregnancy. Among a cohort of 35 infants with microcephaly born during August–October 2015 in eight of Brazil’s 26 states and reported to the registry, the mothers of all 35 had lived in or visited Zika virus-affected areas during pregnancy, 25 (71%) infants had severe microcephaly (head circumference >3 SD below the mean for sex and gestational age), 17 (49%) had at least one neurologic abnormality, and among 27 infants who had neuroimaging studies, all had abnormalities. Tests for other congenital infections (syphilis, toxoplasmosis, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and herpes simplex virus) were negative. All infants had a lumbar puncture as part of the evaluation and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples were sent to a reference laboratory in Brazil for Zika virus testing; results are not yet available. Further studies are needed to confirm the association of microcephaly with Zika virus infection during pregnancy and to understand any other adverse pregnancy outcomes associated with Zika virus infection."CDC has developed interim guidelines for health care providers in the United States caring for pregnant women during a Zika virus outbreak. These guidelines include recommendations for pregnant women considering travel to an area with Zika virus transmission and recommendations for screening, testing, and management of pregnant returning travellers. Updates on areas with ongoing Zika virus transmission are available online (http://wwwnc.cdc.gov/travel/notices/).

Not always. Vaginal Birth after C-section (VBAC) maybe offered or contraindicated instead depending on several factors.One of the most important factor is the type of previous C-section incision.Types of Prior Uterine Incisions and Estimated Risks for Uterine Rupture. Williams Obstetrics, 24e.Among the various types of uterus incision done, it is agreed that prior history of c-section with low-transverse incision is the most superior out of all when it comes to avoiding uterine rupture on VBAC.[1] This is because the lower segment of the uterus (which is incised by low-transverse technique) contains the least smooth muscle fiber necessary for uterus contraction. [2] This part of the uterus is the passive segment that’s not demanded much in active contraction during a vaginal delivery. A scar formed in this part of the uterus is the least likely to rupture during the uterus muscle contraction. On the other hand, incisions like the classical and low vertical types involve the upper segment of uterus, the active part of the uterus. The strong active uterus contraction with scarred upper segment uterus risks a deadly rupture.Without knowing the previous C-section history, it is risky to do VBAC. Your OB/GYN needs to know this before attempting one. One way your obstetrician can find out is by reading the patient’s past medical record. This can be a problem (at least in my country) when a pregnant woman moves to a new hospital (with different physician from the ones who performed her prior C-section) and wishing to give birth by VBAC. Most modern-day C-section is performed with low transverse incision though.There are more factors associated with failure of VBAC I have yet to explain. Short interval between previous C-section and current pregnancy is another example of an important factor from the mother. One of the studies on this factor concluded that women with interdelivery intervals (time between previous live birth to next conception of pregnancy) of up to 18 months were three times as likely to have symptomatic uterine rupture.[3] Hibbard et al concluded that increasing body mass index (BMI) correlates with worsening outcomes in trial of labor (TOL) after previous cesarean delivery.[4] A twelve years period study by Zelop and coworker found that baby with heavy birth weight (>4000 grams) have a slight increase of uterine rupture chance.[5] More factors are ones you should ask your doctor next.Finally, it is preferable that you consult this concern with the obstetrician who first performed the woman’s previous C-section. He or she should know the patient’s obstetric history better (if not best). These factors that support and oppose VBAC (which includes many more I haven’t mentioned here) are to be evaluated thoroughly, and the final decision is to be discussed with your doctor.Whoever is pregnant there, I wish her a safe and successful pregnancy.Footnotes[1] McGraw-Hill Medical[2] https://books.google.co.id/books?id=OmSKoYD-iW0C&lpg=PA321&ots=vj1gDMXv7d&dq=lower%20segment%20uterus%20muscle%20fibre%20blood%20vessel&pg=PA321#v=onepage&q=lower%20segment%20uterus%20muscle%20fibre%20blood%20vessel&f=false[3] Interdelivery Interval and Risk of Symptomatic Uterine Rupture[4] Trial of labor or repeat cesarean delivery in women with morbid obesity and previous cesarean delivery.[5] Outcomes of trial of labor following previous cesarean delivery among women with fetuses weighing >4000 g.