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Ever wanted to start a blog but not sure what exactly you want to blog about?Choosing a niche is often the hardest part about starting a blog, since there are so many interesting things out there.Top bloggers highly recommend specializing in a niche instead of writing about everything and anything--especially if you hope to turn your blog into an online business.If you've hit a mental block when it comes to deciding your niche, this list is for you.Here are 111 of the best blog niche for 2020.Life1. LifestyleThe lifestyle niche encompasses everything under the sun related to daily life.It’s a much broader blogging niche than most and lifestyle bloggers may cover anything from fashion to life advice.Abby Lawson at Just a Girl and Her Blog combines discussing lifestyle topics with promoting paid printables and other digital products.Her blog typically brings in over $40,000 per month based on her published income reports.2. TravelWho doesn’t love to travel?Since most people don’t travel as much as they’d like, travel blogs are a way to live the experience through the written words of a travel blogger.International travel,domestic travel, or even just weekend trips around the local area-- people love hearing about another person’s travel experience and getting tons of suggestions before booking a trip themselves.Blogs like NOMADasaurus take readers with them while they travel the world.Here, It definitely pays to share your travels!Travel bloggers can earn serious cash, with many making $6,000 or more monthly.3. Local City GuideEven if you’ve lived in your neighborhood for a while, there may still be a ton of undiscovered local gems near you that you have yet to experience.Those who run local guide blogs know this all too well, so they make it their mission to share the uniqueness of their town or city with others.Events, restaurants, stores, spots to sight-see-- they’ve got it all covered.Check out the how Medellin Living explores everything from local businesses to night life.4. BeautyBeauty is a huge niche for women, which makes sense considering they purchase makeup and skincare products at a much higher rate than their male counterparts.Beauty blogs like The Anna Edit share beauty product reviews, hacks, and makeup/skincare tutorials.As far as beauty blogs go, most beauty influencers utilize their blog as an additional traffic source for their social media presence.The power of beauty influencers has grown exponentially and transformed traditional marketing, with even major brands like Estee Lauder dumping 75% of its marketing budget on these social media stars.5. FashionFashion has always been a big deal especially as lifestyle and fashion influencers dominate, so this is definitely a popular blog niche to enter.This is evidenced by the many fashionistas making millions from their blogs.Both men and women enjoy looking good, so you can write for one audience or even both.Many fashion bloggers (check out We Wore What) often branch out to include discussions on lifestyle and travel which opens up more creative freedom.Fashion bloggers promote their favorite brands, create sponsored posts, and cross-post to their social media accounts to generate income.6. DatingDating is stressful, unpredictable, and sometimes super awkward.As more people turn to online services for dating (over 49% of dating app users according to Statista), it then makes sense that they would utilize the Internet for dating advice.From determining your ideal partner to tips for the very first date-- you can use your dating blog to better prepare singles for the dating world.Evan Marc Katz shares his expert advice as a dating coach and also advertises his paid products and coaching program.7. ParenthoodThough you’ll often hear scare tactics from news stations, the truth is that younger generations still desire to have children just as much as their predecessors.In fact, according to Pew Research, in 2016 millennial women made up 82% of all births in the United States, though the age at first birth is higher than previous generations.There are so many facets to raising a child from birth to 18 years of age and first-time parents desperately seek advice throughout the journey.Seasoned parents are like a god-send to those entering every new stage, so you’ll undoubtedly build a readership with a parenting blog.Sarah Titus combines parenting advice with fun printables for activities with kids, generating over $200,000 PER MONTH with a combined income from her blog and printables store.8. Wedding & MarriageTying the knot is much more than just saying ‘I do!’There’s caterers, invitations, table toppers….and that doesn’t even begin to cover the complexities of married life after the fact!If you went through the fiasco, have been married for a while, and SURVIVED-- you could benefit from starting a wedding and marriage blog.The depth you want to cover is entirely up to you.Blogs like Marriage 365 delve deep into every area, down to fun date ideas with your spouse.Monetizing your blog can come from many sources including sponsored posts, affiliate links for wedding items, and even offering personalized marriage coaching.9. FamilyThe family unit is one of the most important structures in life, responsible for cultivating happy and well-adjusted adults in the future.Keeping your family close-knit in the midst of a fast-paced lifestyle is hard.Know how to plan fun family outings, engage each member of the family, and maintain a deep intimacy within your own family?Start a family blog!Pair your blog with social platforms like Pinterest and Instagram to develop trust and familiarity with your audience.Check out It’s A Lovely Life for ideas on the topics you can cover to run a successful family blog-- this blog makes over $170,000 per month.10. Personal FinanceThe personal finance niche extends to budgeting, creating wealth, and maximizing potential income streams.Many of these blogs also include information for pursuing a wide array of side hustles and online business opportunities.The good news is you don’t need to be a finance expert to start blogging in this niche, just passion and purpose.Michelle Schroeder started her blog as just a hobby while she worked full-time but she managed to use her own advice and scale her blog to over $100,000 per month.11. Frugal LifestyleEveryone could improve their spending habits but it takes real dedication to stick to a constrained budget.Living frugally entails closely monitoring spending, allocating money wisely, and saving long-term.Naturally, people seek out resources to guide them on the journey to frugal living and your blog will prove very helpful for those looking to make this change.The funny part is it pays to blog about frugality.The Busy Budgeter amassed a huge fan base with her blog that earns her over $86,000 per month.12. RelationshipsWe hold so many different types of relationships with others in our lives.From our parents and partners to our hair stylists and colleagues-- connecting and maintaining reciprocal relationships with other human beings is a key part of life.Even though it’s important…it doesn’t mean that everything goes without a hitch…If you’re awesome at forging long-lasting romantic or platonic relationships and have encountered difficult situations with successful resolution, you can provide value by blogging about relationships.You can target professionals navigating the workplace, people with complex parental relations, or even discuss them all like The Gottman Institute.13. Smart Phones & AccessoriesSmartphones are no longer a luxury, they’re a part of everyday life with over 3 billion smartphone users worldwide-- and this number is expected to increase by hundreds of millions of people in a few years.As people invest in the latest and most expensive models, it makes sense that they’d look for tutorials on features, model comparisons, and phone protection accessories.You may want to decide on a sub-niche based on phone model or brand to focus things better and get more into the nitty-gritty.This blog only includes information for iPhone users ranging from shortcuts to apps.14. Environmental SustainabilityAll experts agree that human beings hold primary responsibility for the majority of negative environmental changes.Yet we have the power to lessen the impact through sustainability and eco-friendly measures.You can create a blog within this niche that focuses on minimizing waste and educating readers on the daily things they can do to help save the planet.You can also niche down further and focus on a smaller sector, such as sustainable fashion design and clothing choices.15. RV LifeThis niche is increasing in popularity each year, as more people turn to alternate housing options.Not many people live and travel full-time in an RV, which is great news for newer bloggers within this niche.Your audience will most likely want to know the logistics of RV life: how you make money on the road, live comfortably in such a small space, and even set up systems like Internet connection.Follow Your Detour uses her blog to educate as well as fund her RV travels, generating around $2,000 monthly.16. Pregnancy & NewbornThis niche is actually pretty specific, though pregnancy spans a large topic range: breastfeeding, nutrition, postpartum care, etc.This time in a woman’s life is both exciting and challenging with so much support needed.You don’t need to be a medical doctor or women’s health expert to blog about the intricacies of pregnancy and caring for a newborn.Being a woman who’s personally gone through the experience is more than enough and also helps you relate more with moms who read your blog.You can create valuable content while generating revenue from recommending your favorite pregnancy and baby products.This is just what the mom behind Swaddles to Bottles does-- and she earns a healthy $9,000 per month doing it.17. MindsetA negative mindset can only get you so far. Consciously working on positive thinking can work wonders in your life.Oxford surveyed 246 entrepreneurs and found that those with a negative mindset were less likely to achieve their goals than those with a positive outlook.Changing your perceptions does take mental manpower and a mindset blog would help others kick-start their personal development.There’s tons of things you can write about related to mindset and the Blissful Mind does it well-- discussing stress, imposter syndrome, and developing healthy habits.18. Organization and DeclutteringMarie Kondo may have been responsible for the decluttering trend that swept across social media last year, but organization has always been a trending niche.The Seana Method follows the same tune as Kondo, emphasizing how the order resulting from organization trickles down positively to all other areas of your life.If you’ve got a knack for getting rid of old junk and turning any space into a clutter-free zone, an organization blog would be right in your wheelhouse.Incorporating video and visual content will help your audience get a feel for the benefits of organization while also attracting readers from social media channels.19. RetirementSaving for retirement is an oft-stressed point made by financial experts, who recommend starting to save as early as possible.The sad truth is that most Americans remain uneducated on how to properly save for retirement, with more than 64% of Americans retiring with less than $10,000 in savings.You can help decrease this unfortunate statistic by educating people young and old with a retirement blog.Follow suit of blogs like Retirement Cafe and pack your blog with accessible resources, break down bits and pieces of a retirement portfolio, and guide readers towards a happy and prosperous retirement.20. Hair CareCurly, straight, wavy, and frizzy-- hair comes in many varieties and each type requires a certain level of care and style.Anyone can be a hair care expert, not just hair stylists.Those who personally deal with the everyday maintenance of curly hair are more than qualified to speak on the topic, just like the blogger behind Curl Centric.In this niche, you can share your preferred hair products and tools to maintain health and luster and also create follow-along guides for cool hairstyles.Photos and videos are going to be crucial for blog posts within this niche.21. Farm LifeYou thought running a farm would be easy?You’ve got to worry about tending to animals, growing crops, and being pretty isolated from the rest of society-- all of which may deter those interested in giving it a try.If you’ve lived on a farm or cared for farm animals, your knowledge could help demystify farm life.There are so many minutiae details involved with running a farm that ideas for content are endless.Consider the wide scope that this blog covers for some inspiration.22. Smart HomesBy 2021, predictions pinpoint the adoption of home automation to around 55% of all households in the U.S. and Canada.Consumers still have a lot to learn when it comes to how smart homes can make their lives easier.Being an expert doesn’t matter as much as the validity and readability of your content covering this complex technology.It’s important to relay this information in your blog in simple ways the everyday non-techy reader can understand.Smart Home Solver reviews a multitude of smart home appliances using a mix of video and text to engage and entertain readers.Health & Wellness23. Ketogenic LifestyleThe ketogenic diet is a low-carb diet which restricts intake of carbohydrates and increases healthy fats and proteins resulting in weight loss and decreased glucose levels.So many people boast massive success with this lifestyle.Jenny Wagner lost over 50 pounds on the keto diet before she started implementing any exercise, according to her interview with The New York Times.Start a keto blog to encourage others with your personal story.You can post workout content, keto education guides, and sample meal plans for your readers to follow.Keto blogs like Cast Iron Keto share tons of homemade recipes and keto alternatives to help others transition to keto smoother.24. VeganismVeganism has taken the world by storm in recent years, highly advocated by many A-list celebs and medical professionals.While people explore how veganism can fit within their lives, an informational blog detailing vegan life can make a major difference in the decision to adopt this lifestyle or not.If you decide to pursue the vegan blogging niche, don’t think you have to be an expert chock full of scientific and medical knowledge in support of veganism.Yup It’s Vegan publishes nothing but recipe ideas for every meal, earning around $2,000 monthly from these efforts.25. Paleo LifestyleSimilar to keto, the paleo diet limits the consumption of processed and artificial ingredients, only allowing foods that the first hunter-gatherers relied on during the paleo era (hence, the name).Approximately 3 million Americans practice this way of life, citing improved digestion, skin, and overall well-being.Knowing what foods are deemed acceptable or not isn’t always crystal-clear to beginners, which makes creating a blog in the paleo niche super helpful.Blogs like Whole Kitchen Sink educate those interested in paleo with recipes and tips to stay on track-- and they net over $6,000 doing it.26. FitnessLet’s talk about getting physical!It’s a new year, which undoubtedly means an increased interest in fitness and exercise.Personal trainers and fitness junkies can capitalize on this demand and offer their knowledge and experience to readers in the form of a fitness blog, potentially opening up a lucrative stream of income.Popular fitness blog Nerd Fitness generates six figures yearly, based on an interview Blogger Jet conducted with founder Steve Kamb.27. Healthy LifestyleA healthy lifestyle includes food, exercise, and positivity.Getting all 3 areas down can be somewhat of a challenge.Small children, demanding careers, and busy lives in general can lead to junk food, decreased activity, and high stress levels.Publish your advice for living a healthy lifestyle in a blog to guide others on the right path.You can discuss many aspects of healthy living.Jessica Sepel not only shares easy recipes and workout ideas, but she also talks about body and mind positivity.28. Body PositivitySelf-confidence is so important to have nowadays, especially in the social media age.The body positivity movement has swept media, print, and online channels, encouraging people to love and embrace the body they are in.Words of wisdom, stories of strength and confidence, discussions on body image--all are potential topics discussed in a body positivity blog.Maria Denne tackles these topics as well as fashion, news, and lifestyle with an intimate and relatable flair through her blog The Curvy Fashionista-- a talent that’s made her a $100,000 yearly earner.29. NutritionA well-balanced and nutritious diet gives you the fuel to conquer your goals.Nutrition bloggers like Sarah B. at My New Roots provide suggestions for meals and snacks, with the added option of 1-on-1 mentoring.Nutritionists, R.D.’s, and other healthcare professionals can promote the power of nutrition through coaching programs, helpful blog posts, cooking and recipe tips, and informational e-books.30. Women's HealthWomen’s health care is severely lacking in the United States.Compared to eleven other developed countries, women in the U.S. are less likely to view their quality of healthcare as excellent, the Commonwealth found.Advocate and educate for better women’s health care with an unbiased blog.Post content related to sexual health, nutrition, pregnancy, and disease prevention, similar to the content over at Healthy Women.Include real-life stories sharing the experiences of other women to foster connection and relatability.31. Weight LossLosing weight is an important and pretty universal goal held by people from all age groups.Starting is the hardest part and a blog solely dedicated to weight loss can provide that extra push your readers need.Some of the things Andie Mitchell talks about in her blog include personal motivation, goal-setting for weight loss, and healthy recipes.32. Alternative MedicineTraditional medicine has made amazing strides, but alternative treatments often provide the peace of mind people seek.In fact, NCCIH found that 38% of adults in the U.S. utilize some form of complementary and alternative medicine.A couple of the most popular forms of alternative medicine are herbal remedies and acupuncture.This blog focuses on educating readers on both practices.Many people are unaware of these other options, so an alternative medicine blog is a wonderful way to increase awareness.33. DiabetesDiabetes is a debilitating illness that affects more and more people each year.Over 100 million Americans have diabetes or pre-diabetes according to the CDC.A diagnosis of diabetes means major changes in a person’s lifestyle from food to exercise, which can be extremely overwhelming.If you or someone you love manages diabetes in day-to-day life you can make it your mission to help someone else in the same situation by creating a diabetes blog.For example, The Diabetic Foodie publishes so many yummy and healthy recipes that those with diabetes can enjoy.34. Mental HealthGoing through life with a mental illness is challenging and draining, so it’s important to have the right help and support.It’s not exactly rare either.In fact, 1 in 5 Americans experience a mental illness based on data compiled by Nami.org.Those living with a mental illness or mental health advocates can start the conversation and keep it open with the accessibility of a mental health blog.Natasha over at Natasha Tracy talks all things bipolar disorder, from locating resources to dealing with symptoms.35. Self CareSometimes we need to take a step back and make sure we’re taking care of ourselves before anything else.A self-care blog can cover tips for self-improvement, advice for major life decisions, and much more.The topics are limitless.This self-care blogger focuses on personal development, healthy thinking, and writing as a creative outlet.36. Yoga/MeditationYoga teachers can potentially create another income stream through a yoga and meditation blog.Guiding beginners through the stages of meditation, offering advice on mindfulness, and establishing yourself as a trusted yoga expert- these are all different topics you can discuss.Allie at the Journey Junkie promotes her workshops, creates helpful guides and articles, and also shares videos she’s created.Her paid coaching programs and retreats made a major income difference for her blog, as she generated $70,000 within 2 weeks of launching her first course.37. Self WorthFeelings of self-worth can be difficult to retain after a traumatic or unfortunate occurrence.Written advice helps soothe and support emotions to make the healing journey easier.Anyone is qualified to write within this niche with the noble aim of helping others cope and thrive.Check out Positive Provocations for a heap of articles, resources, and tidbits to boost happiness and positivity.Business & Career38. WritingBecoming a freelance writer is often thought of as unsustainable in the long run, but this couldn’t be further from the truth.Freelance writers often struggle to position themselves and find good-paying writing jobs.Blogs geared towards guiding freelance writers to prosperity prosper themselves.Jorden Roper of Creative Revolt offers practical advice, resources, and even a paid course.She claims to be making over 5 figures per month through freelance writing.If you’re a seasoned writer, your knowledge is pure gold to newbies. You can coach writers on positioning, branding, and improving their craft.39. TechnologyWe are in the midst of the technology age with still so many major innovations and new developments to be made in the future.Picture just how many industries there are and the number of businesses within each industry that exist-- millions.And technology impacts each and every one of them.Your tech blog can focus on tech news and gadgets within different industries like transportation and security.The interest in tech is most definitely there, as David Risley discovered once he turned his blog Tech Junkie into a six figure business.40. PhotographyPeople need good quality photos for so many purposes, such as for their company website or social media accounts.Other photographers also love to get inspiration for their own work and appreciate what their fellow photographers have created.Whether you’re a nature or portrait photographer, you can also utilize your blog to attract new clients and build an online presence.This is what Erick Im did when first starting his street photography blog.He sold his own products and utilized affiliate advertising to scale his blog to over $200K per year.41. Web DevelopmentWeb developers are booming in demand.It is now 2020, at this point business owners of every industry know a sites value.Those who learn to be full stack internet developers will stack cash (if you know what I mean)Thus, it’s no wonder that the need for these experts is expected to increase nearly 13% by 2028.If you’re a web developer or offer web development services, you could blog all about this field: trending design news, the fundamentals of design, resources, cool tools-- and more!Check out Web Designer Depot for some inspo.42. EcommercePeople have largely started to prefer shopping online, which is good news for aspiring ecommerce business owners.Creating an online store is fairly simple and cheap with Shopify and Woocommerce, yet actually garnering leads and making sales is another story entirely.Got a successful online store or know your way around ecommerce?Educate budding entrepreneurs with advice, case studies, recommendations for tools, and more.Check out Printful to get an idea of some areas you can cover.43. Digital MarketingThis niche is one of the absolute best to dive into as we enter a new decade of technological advancement.The importance of an effective digital marketing strategy is crucial to the survival of most businesses nowadays, yet most people are lost and overwhelmed figuring it all out.Digital marketing experts with a proven track record can serve as trustworthy guides for business owners and other online marketers with a blog in this niche.Plus, you can use your digital marketing skills to rank your site quickly and lead readers seamlessly to your paid products and services.Neil Patel runs one of the most influential digital marketing blogs today and has done all of the above to rake in nearly $400,000 with his blog.44. Interior DesignAs wages improve, people look for inspiration to spruce up their homes.You don’t necessarily need to be an interior designer to blog within this niche, you can also just be an avid lover of design.It pays to blog in this popular niche too, as blogs like The Harper House net over $6,000 per month.45. HRCalling all HR professionals!Employers and employees often have spur-of-the-moment questions that need quick answers.Having a reliable HR blog they can reference during these moments would be super helpful and also lessen the workload of that company’s HR department.Gather the most frequently asked questions and situations you encounter to create detailed guides. Include links to other resources for readers to peruse.HR Bartender also uses their blog to advertise their services, speaking engagements, and books.46. Computer ScienceThis subject is one of the hardest to conquer for most university students.Huge class sizes limit a professor’s accessibility, so many students search for online resources to aid them in understanding.Computer science professional or just a student who whizzed through the course?You can create videos explaining difficult concepts and solving sample problems to better equip students for successful course completion.Take it one step further and diversify your content with industry news and developments like this blog.47. Network MarketingMLM’s often get a bad rep, but they do represent genuine business opportunities.Success isn’t guaranteed and many uplines still teach ineffective methods for running a sustainable business long-term.You can use your direct sales experience to advise fellow network marketers on the best ways to sell, recruit, and build a successful business.If you continuously provide amazing value, you can create a paid coaching program and even attract prospects to your own MLM business.Ray Higdon is a famed MLM leader who has used his blog and vast success to market his services and business opportunity, scaling it to 7 figures yearly.48. SEOSEO is going to become even more important as time passes.Let your SEO expertise shine by creating an educational blog within the SEO niche.Learning effective SEO takes time and your blog will easily get a huge amount of views if your content and delivery makes it a go-to resource for marketers and business owners.The most reputable SEO blog I follow is Backlinko and its founder Brian Dean has used video and super high-quality content to build it into a 7 figure business.49. Career ChoiceIf you’ve landed your dream career, chances are you’ve navigated through many hoops and hurdles to reach this point.Specialty professions that require rigorous certification programs and exams are another beast entirely and you can bet that aspiring professionals are eager for as much help as they can get.Young Architect built a blog chock full of helpful information while also making money off of his value-packed paid bootcamp and training programs.Divulge your secrets in a tell-all career blog where you break down your best tips and resources from personal experience.50. Online Business OpportunitiesMaking money online is no longer a pipe dream.It’s become even more feasible for moms, students, and full-time professionals to create income using the Internet.What better place to find out ways to earn money online… than searching online?Gather all of your research together to create a comprehensive directory of money-making opportunities and side hustles from research and personal experience.Follow the lead of those like Nick Loper to make money from your efforts, combining podcast promotion and affiliate links.51. BloggingBlogging about blogging?Yep! This is actually a niche-- and a trending one at that.People are curious about how to start a blog and potentially make money off of it-- which is obviously the ultimate goal right?If you’ve had success building a loyal following and monetizing your blog, you can jump into the demand and start a blog about making money blogging!You’ll share your preferred tools, resources, tips for driving site visits, and landing sponsorship and affiliate deals.Take a look at a blog successfully generating $100,000 per month within this niche.52. EntrepreneurshipStarting a business seems like the logical next step for those unhappy with their careers and income.However, the U.S. Small Business Administration reports that 50% of businesses with employees last longer than five years.For entrepreneurs to get through this hump, they need a great deal of motivation, support, and positivity.Entrepreneurs like yourself can offer unparalleled first-hand advice with an entrepreneurship blog to pay it forward and increase the chances of others achieving success themselves.Yaro imparts knowledge about everything from mindset to pricing services-- a venture that earns him $40,000 per month.Activities53. Cross FitThe number of CrossFit gyms increased drastically from only 13 in 2005 to over 7,000 gyms today.What this means is that there is a higher demand for content like this as people are constantly seeking knowledge about it.The best part?There really aren’t many blogs dedicated to CrossFit on the Internet (Crossfit appears to be one of the leading blogs).Creating a blog in this niche fills an informational void while also potentially driving profit.54. CyclingWhether you bike professionally or enjoy a cycling session at your local gym, a cycling blog can be a creative way to further your passion.Pros like Juliet Elliott use their cycling blogs not just for self-promotion but also for sharing their personal experiences with training, gear, and competing.55. RunningRunning is a popular exercise for maintaining great health and also a huge competitive sport all around the globe.Experienced runners can create a blog in the running niche to offer up advice on endurance, nutrition, training, and preparation for competition.The desire to be of service can definitely pay off as evidenced by Daniel Hamel’s success with his blog Marathon Nation US which nets over 7 figures per year.56. GardeningGot a green thumb?Those with a knack for growing flowers, fruits, or veggies can let their knowledge bloom with a gardening blog.Whether you specialize in growing tomatoes or arranging beautiful bouquets, your knowledge can assist someone who may have just started.You can find tons of tips for plant care, fun crafts, and design over at You Grow Girl.57. PilatesThose looking to tone up, maintain weight, and even recover from an injury often turn to pilates as the most viable option.Pilates combines endurance, flexibility, and strength movements for the ultimate core-strengthening workout.Pairing an educational pilates blog with another online platform can prove lucrative.Just ask Cassey Ho who makes over $4 million per year from her pilates blog and YouTube channel.58. PokerThe game of poker takes some serious skill to truly compete.If you’ve dabbled in the game for a while and have tons of advice-- share it with a poker blog!Those who aspire to compete professionally or even just avid players could benefit from learning new tips and tricks to up their game.This is exactly the aim over at Upswing Poker, which not only offers training but also news within the industry and surrounding pros.59. FishingIs going fishing your favorite past-time?Perhaps you’ve got a few tricks up your sleeve to get the biggest catches?A fishing blog is a great way to expand your passion and share it with others!Single Barbed discusses all of the fine details of fishing from recommended tools to news about upcoming competitions.60. Arts and CraftsThis niche is fairly broad so you can really let your creativity shine here.People often look for fun craft ideas to entertain their children or create homemade decor.Activities involving arts and crafts are also super popular for events, school functions, and parties.A Beautiful Mess mixes up tons of different crafts from plant arrangements to scrapbooking.Using social media platforms like Pinterest can help drive traffic to your blog and generate leads for selling your own creations.61. GolfGolf is both a famed sport and a casual hobby enjoyed by millions of people worldwide.You might be able to get the basics down…but fine tuning those skills will be difficult without the right guidance.A golf blog can be an amazing resource for last-minute assistance and continuous advice.Even top-ranked golfers see the value-- Stephanie Wei blogs about technique, news, and competition updates.62. MusicMusic transcends language and connects people from all backgrounds.There’s something out there to please everyone’s tastes, from hip hop to classical piano.So the direction of your music blog is completely up to you.Jason Grishkoff started Indie Shuffle to support the music of indie artists, scaling his blog to over $10,000 per week after selling music promotions on the site.You can review newly released music, post updates on your favorite artists, and expand upon concert experiences.63. Horseback RidingHorses are beloved creatures that require tons of love and care.Stacy Westfall utilized her passion for horseback riding to create an educational blog for horse owners and equestrians detailing horse care, advice, and various competitions.You can monetize the experience and knowledge you hold about horses with either your own horse blog or even writing guest blog posts for equestrian magazines.64. Bird WatchingBird watching is still a favorite hobby for many.FWS estimates that more than 45 million people participate in this activity.Bird enthusiasts can document the species they’ve captured on camera while on their travels.Helpful articles on bird behavior and tips for effective bird-watching are also great pieces of content to include in your blog.Take in the sheer amount of varied content found on Surf Birds as an example.65. Martial ArtsLearning any form of martial arts is an ongoing process rife with discipline and skill.Those who practice martial arts often spend ample time outside of the studio educating themselves on different techniques and movements.A blog based around a martial arts form can be a much needed resource for a fighter’s development, giving advice on training, technique, and even health and nutrition.This blog focuses on helping out Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu and MMA fighters.Opportunities for income generation include sponsored posts for gear and affiliate links.66. DanceThis niche encompasses a wide range of dance styles from ballet to belly dancing.You can offer insight on proper dance techniques, tutorials for new moves, step-by-step choreography, and just plain advice for becoming a better dancer.Many dance teachers use their dance blogs to promote their online dance classes and coaching programs as a way to make money.Steezy has guides on how to choreograph and freestyle for dancers as well as resources for dance classes with the option for readers to try out their paid online classes.67. ActingActing takes serious dedication and hours of grueling practice.There exist many different acting methods as well as a multitude of roles that an actor takes on.Exploration is part of the process and an acting blog that captures what it means to be an actor would be beneficial for members of the acting community.You can blog about the audition process, resources for new actors, and technique tips, similar to Margie Haber.68. BodybuildingBodybuilders undergo intensive training and follow strict nutritional guidelines to compete at the national stage.Though you can definitely start a blog in this niche if you’re a huge fan, you’ll be able to cover more content and grow a more personable audience if you have real-life experience yourself.This is because you’ll want to discuss workouts and nutrition and give recommendations for supplements, diets, and training routines--- similar to Strong Lifts.Blogs related to gym and special exercises remain popular, with some like Leaving Work Behind raking in $4,000 per month.69. SewingLove to sew?Diversify your income and creative potential with a sewing blog.You’ll be able to create tutorials for making blankets, articles of clothing, and more.It’s recommended to utilize social media platforms that focus on imagery to attract traffic to your blog.Blogs like While She Naps generate income from promoting paid workshops, affiliate products, and books, to the tune of around $3,000 per month.70. PaintingShowcase your work while sharing the techniques you’ve perfected as a painter with a painting blog.If you paint, using social media will be a great tool to bring traffic to your blog.Selling your paintings directly on your website is a great way to make money with your blog.Another option is to include links to your online store both on your blog and social media accounts.As is the case with all blogs, consistent posting is super important to retain viewers.Kem Studios does something interesting.The painter writes a blog post covering something painting related while also featuring her own paintings in each post.71. SportsSports are a favorite global past-time, both to partake in and watch.Fans eat up statistics, player updates, and power rankings.If you’re an impassioned sports fan who enjoys following all aspects of your favorite sport closely, you should explore starting a sports blog.While you can definitely gain views with a general sports blog, deciding on a sub-niche will make things ten times easier.Fan Sided centers on American football and keeps tabs on trade rumors, the draft, injuries, statistics, and much more.72. Outdoor ActivitiesEncourage others to embrace the fresh mountain air-- share your love for all the outdoors has to offer with an outdoor activity blog.There are so many different topics in this niche…you’ll never run out of things to write about!So if you want to discuss backpacking, hiking, or sightseeing, spread the excitement for adventure through your blog posts.The mom behind Mountain Mom and Tots adds a family element to her story-telling, connecting with readers on a personal and genuine level.73. JournalingBullet journaling has become a massively popular way to organize thoughts, plan schedules, and maintain continuity.You take a blank journal and fill it with your own lines, words, boxes, and designs.Many have sworn to the impact this journaling method has had in their lives. Are you one of them?If so-- awesome, you can teach others how to start a bullet journal with a journaling blog.It’s really important to rely on stunning visuals to illustrate examples so newbies can reference your work for inspiration. You’ll need to utilize social media to do so.Take a look at blogs like Life by Whitney for monetization ideas.You can create and sell a journaling course or even pre-printed bullet journals designed completely by you.Interests & Entertainment74. MotorcyclesOwning a motorcycle can get pricey.While a standard bike can start around $10,000, this figure doesn’t factor in insurance, maintenance, gas, gear, and more-- pushing that number as high as $50,000 and over.So it stands to say that motorcycle owners are serious about their passion.Motorcycle hobbyists would love a go-to resource for new bike features, gear, accessories, and advice for maintenance and repairs.The blogger running Bike Exif covers all of this information and more which has garnered him hundreds of thousands of loyal fans.75. Essential OilsThose who use essential oils swear by their healing and health properties.Whether these purported benefits are true or not, that doesn’t stop 34% of Americans from consuming an assortment of these diffused oils.Since these oils are in such high demand and learning the properties and uses for each one takes time, blogs like Recipes with Essential Oils help shorten the learning curve.Several MLM companies also tout essential oils as their main product, notably companies like DoTerra or Young Living.If you’re an avid essential oils users and they’ve benefited your life, share your experience with others seeking alternative treatments or home remedies.76. PetsOver 57% of the world’s population owns a pet, with dogs and cats coming out on top as the most popular.People often seek advice on caring for their pets from the food they should eat down to their daily behaviors.Dog blogs like Puppy Leaks share tips for care, activity, nutrition, and bonding.You can blog about pretty much any pet you want in this niche, whether you prefer goldfish or guinea pigs.77. MoviesThe cinema is a cultural and creative outlet that transcends language barriers.There are always new films to be released and timeless classics to reflect on.Just like there are always going to be people who base their decision to see a movie on a review they’ve read.Start some thought-provoking discussions with a movie blog where you review and discuss films.Cinema Blend takes it one step further and also publishes the latest movie news and rumors.78. TV ShowsDid you see the new episode last night?Not everyone has time to catch up on TV so they seek out updates from online resources and search for ways to watch their shows online.If your friends turn to you for updates on the latest TV shows because no matter what, you manage to squeeze in time for your favorites-- a TV blog is a great way to explore your passion further.TV Fanatic not only shares reviews, but they even go as far as providing per-episode break-downs of popular shows.79. BroadwayTourists from all over the world flock to New York City to watch a multitude of Broadway productions, resulting in over $1 billion in ticket sales in just 2010!Theater and musical lovers constantly research and plan for the shows they want to see.With the Broadway niche, you can create reviews for different plays to serve as a guide for newbies and hobbyists alike.You can also post industry updates, rumors, and Broadway star news just like The Broadway Blog does.80. HoroscopesSuperstitious to some and like gospel to others, the fact of the matter is that people care what their horoscope says.Millennials especially occupy a major market for astrology and horoscopes and they’re consuming them online-- opening up the market for online apps and blogs that are seeing the interest of major investors.Your blog can post daily, weekly, or even monthly horoscopes for each astrological sign.Ganesha Speaks also includes astrology news in relation to politics, business, and more.81. OperaHave you attended opera shows regularly and can make suggestions to ensure others have the best experience?Consider starting an opera blog where you share the latest news, show reviews, and even sell Opera merchandise to earn money.This niche is hot to jump in for newbie bloggers especially since there aren’t many unbiased opera blogs out there that aren’t affiliated with an opera venue (although LA Opera is a good one to peruse for inspiration).82. ComedyLaughter is the best medicine-- it reduces stress, eases tension and anxiety, and can even help prevent heart disease according to Help Guide.Do you have a knack for making people laugh?You can reach even more people by creating a comedy blog!A comedy blog can also help promote your chops as a professional comedian.You can blog about jokes and stage presence while advertising your show dates and merchandise, much like The Chive.83. Video GamesThe video game niche is hot right now.Contrary to popular belief, video games are in high demand for both kids and adults.E-sport gaming has transcended into a $1 billion industry as people compete in competitions playing video games of various genres.Avid gamers consume material on their favorite video games ranging from magazines to online forums, so driving traffic to your blog shouldn’t be difficult.It may help to niche your focus down further to rank higher in the search engines.Go Nintendo only posts news, reviews, and tutorials for Nintendo branded game consoles and video games.84. MemesA meme is a funny photo or video often including text that Internet users share widely on social media platforms.They’re used to infuse humor in news, politics, and everyday life.Finding the funniest meme is a big job to undertake, and you can make it easier with the meme stockpile you’ve compiled within your meme blog.You can even create your own memes and sell them to users.Sebastian Tribbie made meme creation his career and he earns anywhere from $2,000+ doing so for big name brands.85. Board GamesYes people, board games are still around and they’re insanely popular with audiences of all ages.In 2017, over 5,000 new board games were introduced alone with many more released in subsequent years since.Board games are something of a social activity, brought out during parties or social gatherings to provide entertainment.With your board game blog, you can attract readers by unboxing and reviewing newly released board games.The real money comes from creating your own board game, which you can promote to your audience.Matt behind Shut Up and Sit Down takes it a step further and cross-posts video content and podcast episodes.86. Celebrity GossipSocial media has changed the way we consume news, even celebrity gossip!Forbes reports that most people hear the latest news through social media first, which resulted in a 57% increase to news sites referred from social media channels.This is great news for avid followers of celeb gossip, who can capitalize on this trend with a celebrity blog detailing breaking news and monitoring of America’s favorite celebs.More often than not, more controversy tends to lead to more traffic.Perez Hilton made his $50 million fortune from his celebrity blog, though his methods are criticized by many.87. CrimeCold cases, missing persons cases, serial killers-- people can’t help themselves from following some of the worst crimes known to man.The crime niche is pretty general so wherever your passions are, you can still build readership and blog about the things that interest you most.All Things Crime remains broad, creating posts on everything from mass murders to crime literature.Crime bloggers tend to make money by promoting their own e-books and crime novels, in addition to making affiliate income off of referrals to other books and resources.88. PoliticsAhh, politics.People both love and hate discussing and defending their political views-- but hey, that’s what democracy is for!Whether you lean towards the right or left, or even somewhere dead center, you can share your political views and opinions through a politics blog.Ordinary people entering this niche will have more of an advantage, considering most political blogs branch out from media conglomerates or political affiliates.Discussing how policies and laws will affect the everyday American increases relatability with your audience, who may be disillusioned and unable to relate to the musings of political pundits.Study blogs like Think Progress or others within your political realm to see what talking points, discussions,and news they cover.89. ReligionSpreading the faith is not only positive-- it can bring you positive income too.Religion is still a dominant part of people’s everyday lives, with the Pew Forum classifying nearly 71% of citizens identifying as Christian and 6% following non-Christian faiths.You can explore a wide range of topics with your blog as the religion niche is relatively open-ended.Rose at Water chooses to talk about family life and recipes while sprinkling in little tidbits of scripture and faith.And it works, resulting in a nice $8,000 monthly income.90. CarsThe car niche has always been popular, from detailing to simply admiring.Starting a blog around cars will require a focus on visuals, either showcasing cars or providing step-by-step guides to fix common issues.Car Advice could be reviews, testing, comparisons or even opening it up to guest contribution!91. Book ReviewsYes it’s hard to believe, but people still read books for enjoyment.CNBC reported that book sales in both print and electronic format totaled nearly $26 billion in 2018.Passionate readers can start a book review blog to rate,compare, and recommend new and classic novels.This is exactly what the bloggers at Book Smugglers do-- and they also invite blog contributions from fellow bookies.92. DIYAre you talented at making household decorations, tools, and crafts?People are always on the hunt for simple decorations and party favors they can save money on and make at home.Empower others with DIY (do-it-yourself) skills and an appreciation for crafts by starting a DIY blog.Saving money with homemade crafts can also make you money.Check out this DIY blog that brings in around $2,000 every month.93. Product ReviewsThink about that time you searched online looking for the best blender that would make killer morning smoothies.What criteria mattered to you most when deciding which one to buy?If you said customer reviews, your response matches the 90% of consumers who weighed positive online reviews and the other 86% who paid more attention to negative reviews before making purchases.Online reviews continue to be important to potential customers. Facilitate this research and assist others in making the best decisions with a product review blog.Pick your preferred product niche, whether it’s blenders, massage chairs, or photography tools like this guy.Companies always seek out genuine opinions from their customers and you can potentially earn an income with sponsored posts and product referrals.94. Marijuana/CBDThough the federal front hasn’t budged, more and more states are jumping on board with marijuana legalization.Legalization has expanded business opportunities both in marijuana and CBD products across America, with the industry estimated to reach $30 billion by 2023.The consumption of these products is still very new to most people, so an all-encompassing guide on vapes, flowers, and marijuana paraphernalia would prove very helpful.Cannabis Cheri got creative and even creates marijuana-infused recipes for responsible adults to munch on.Build relationships with glass-blowers and artists to sell products for commision and build a large network and readership.Consult your state’s laws on online advertising related to marijuana/CBD before deciding to monetize.95. Social JusticeIt takes one person to foment a movement, but the power of the people to sustain it.Social justice takes up many arms, from defending the environment, racial equality, animals, and the underrepresented.For example, this blog supports eco-friendly measures and advances the tenets of Earth Day.Rally behind a cause and spread the word with a social justice blog promoting your group’s mission.Write opinion pieces, update activists on current news stories, and advance the meaning behind your message.96. Scents & FragranceConsumers’ obsession with smelling good has resulted in a $30 billion industry valuation.If you’re somewhat of a scent snob, you can earn and educate by creating a blog in this niche.Blogs like this one also compare different perfume brands and are able to earn commissions off of product referrals.Perfume and cologne are some of the most popular gifts to give and your opinions could help others make the right choices.97. SneakersCreating a blog in this niche is not only a smart decision for passionate sneaker-heads, it’s also a potentially lucrative move.Both consumers and big name brands have shown major interest in online sneaker reselling platforms, with even the likes of Foot Locker pouring in $100 million investments.You can talk all about your favorite kicks and also get involved in the huge money-making venture of shoe flipping.Successful blogs like Kicks on Fire have made hefty profits from combining both business opportunities.Food & Drink98. BakingCookies, cakes, and cupcakes galore!If you’re a whiz at baking, share your knowledge with a baking blog.People love whipping up tasty creations to satisfy a sweet tooth or finding baked good ideas for parties and other events.Making a full-time income from your baking blog is definitely doable-- just ask Sally over at Sally’s Baking Addiction.99. Restaurant ReviewsHelp people decide where to go for dinner to celebrate a major event with a restaurant review blog.People care about a restaurant’s ratings, as evidenced by the reliance on platforms like Yelp.You can explore restaurants across a certain geographic region, while traveling, or just your local area like Shannon of Urban Chic Guides, who breaks down the best places to dine in Sydney.100. WineThere’s nothing better than a fine wine.With so many varieties and brands of wine out there, even the biggest wine aficionado could use a guide of some sort.The direction you want to take a wine blog is up to your discretion.Vinography reviews wine books, rates restaurant wine stock, and updates readers on the latest wine news.101. CookingCooking is perhaps one of the most popular Internet searches so bringing traffic to your cooking blog shouldn’t be too difficult.There are almost limitless niches within cooking, you will always have something to write about!Cooking and food blogs go hand-in-hand with appealing photography making social media platforms a vital resource for attracting new followers.People love to read about food just as much as they love to eat-- Pinch of Yum earned close to $500,000 from their blog alone in 2015.102. CoffeeBlogging about coffee is a wise choice because it’s one of the most popular beverage choices worldwide, with people consuming over 160 million bags in 2018 alone.Making the perfect cup of coffee is somewhat of an art form and there are various brewing methods, machine brands, and coffee ground types to explore.You can do something similar to Bean Ground and review different coffee machines and gadgets and create follow-along guides.Spread the love for a morning cup of joe!103. TeaYou can’t go wrong with a good cup of tea.For those already so accustomed to their favorite blend, expanding their taste horizons can be a delicate thing.A tea blog with published reviews for different brands and flavors can be the perfect resource for new and curious tea drinkers.Understanding the history and culture behind tea is also important, and Tony Gebely makes sure to talk about this in his tea blog.There’s definitely money to be made in the world of tea.Andy Hayes was able to build a 7 figure tea subscription box business.104. BeerTimes claims that beer is the most popular alcoholic drink in the world, with 40% of people surveyed by a Gallup poll preferring beer over other types of alcohol.Popping open a cold one has become a part of life for most people with many traveling to other countries in pursuit of the best-tasting brews.The blogger behind Big World, Small Girl does just that-- documenting her world travels with her blog and consuming some of the best beer everUndoubtedly, the beer community is a huge deal and a beer blog can be a helpful resource for those who love the foamy stuff.Education105. Music EducationA music education blog can help expand a music teacher’s client base significantly.This piano teacher made it his mission to teach pianists to play by ear with a paid subscription.With the help of his blog, he was able to net over 8 figures per year.Music teachers would benefit from creating both video and written tutorials and cross-posting this content to other social media platforms.106. ScienceFrom the food we eat to the medical treatments that save lives-- we definitely owe a lot to the men and women of science.If you’re passionate about a specific scientific field and geek out over the latest news, a science blog may be your best bet.Educators can also use science blogs to foster student interests and promote a love for science.It’s best to niche down further if you decide to go this route since science stems into so many areas.Check out The Culture of Chemistry blog to get an idea of what I mean.107. InsurancePeople need insurance to cover so many of life’s valuables: vehicles, homes, boats, your business, and much more.But insurance policies can be confusing to understand and people may be unsure about what they really need.Spread your specialty insurance knowledge to increase consumer education.You can also use your blog to give recommendations and price comparisons between insurance companies, similar to Insurify.com.You may find quick traction with your blog as not many insurance blogs exist that aren’t affiliated with an insurance or law firm.108. LanguageLearning a language can be difficult despite the library of resources out there.But the pursuit of language learning can be extremely beneficial and even help increase your potential salary by as much as 15%.The language blogging niche offers yet another means of support for language learners.For example, the folks at Spanish Obsessed have lessons, language guides, travel, and culture.Language bloggers may also offer paid memberships, tutoring, or digital products to make an income.109. InvestingThe path to a higher net worth is typically through investment of some kind.Investing isn’t as passive as most people seem to believe as there is a slight learning curve to overcome.Deciding where to pool your money can be stressful whether it’s in real estate or stocks.Take the lead of blogs like Bigger Pockets and educate consumers on smart investment practices, wealth building, and networking.Who knows?Your investing blog could be the next success story to net $100,000 in four short months.110. HomeschoolingThe option to homeschool children is becoming increasingly popular, with the homeschool population growing between 2-8% each year based on data collected by NHERI.The herculean task of educating children can be daunting for parents without a teaching background.Parents who successfully homeschool as well as homeschool educators can create an amazing support system with a homeschool blog.This blog shares sample lesson plans, advice, activities, and connects homeschool parents together.111. CollegeSecondary education is somewhat of an expectation in the United States.NCES estimates that around 20 million students enrolled in college for the fall semester 2019.Many students and parents often find themselves unprepared with all that college entails.Know powerful study tips, smart budgeting tricks, and how to survive a frat party?A blog like this would help support and guide others through the crazy, lackluster experience that college is!Blogs like College Cures can provide inspiration for the depth and quality of your content.Starting a blog can be profitable... but lead generation is still my #1 online business recommendationStarting a money-making blog is definitely doable.But let's face it, it can take months and even YEARS to grow your blog before you start making any money at all.With local lead generation, the results are much quicker and take far less work after the initial process.You don't need to scramble around dabbling in email lists, four social media accounts, and paid advertising to generate profitable leads.You simply rely on the free and powerful influence of good ol' Google.While affiliate income from a blog is often termed 'passive income', you still need to spend time writing and updating a constant flux of blog posts.Lead gen is truly passive income once the site is built and ranked.Some of my sites haven’t been touched for several years…yet they continuously make me money month after month.This is the best business model I've found that requires a small upfront investment for a lifetime of financial freedom.Lead Generation is my #1 Online Business Choice(IMO Less Hassle Than Starting A Blog)Yes Show Me This Biz!Which niche are you going to get rich with?I only went over 111 blogging niches but trust me, there are TONS more out there.Above all else, my suggestion is to go with your passion-- and learn to make money from it afterward.What blog niches did I miss that should be added to the list?Share them with me below in the comments!

The majority of “Berbers” ( as you call them) were brought to N. Africa as SLAVES.Europeans were taken off English, French, Portuguese, Spanish and American ships and were brought to Africa’s “Barbary coastal states’ such as Tunisia, Algeria, Libya , Egypt and Morocco as SLAVES by Indigenous African Muslim Tribesman (“Moors”) and Arab Muslim Tribesman!Now, I realise that our resident hard core white supremacist will not this find this answer sexy, but it's what it is so suck it up!White SlaveryA Meccan merchant (right) and his Circassian slave. Entitled, ‘Vornehmner Kaufmann mit seinem cirkassischen Sklaven’ [Distinguished merchant and his circassian slave] by Christiaan Snouck Hurgronje, ca. 1888.For other uses, see White slavery (disambiguation).See also: Slavery in medieval Europe, Slavery in Africa, and Slave narrative § North African slave narrativesPart of a series onSlaveryWhite slavery, white slave trade, and white slave traffic refer to the chattel slavery of White Europeans by non-Europeans (such as indigenous North Africans (“Moors”) and the Muslim world), as well as by Europeans themselves, such as the Viking thralls or European Galley slaves. From Antiquity, European slaves were common during the reign of Ancient Rome and were prominent during the Ottoman Empire into the early modern period. In Feudalism, there were various forms of status below the Freeman that is known as Serfdom (such as the bordar, villein, vagabond and slave) which could be bought and sold as property and were subject to labor and branding by their owners or demesne. Under Muslim rule, the African slave traders that included Caucasian captives were often fueled by raids into European territories or were taken as children in the form of a blood tax by the families of citizens of conquered territories to serve the empire for a variety of functions. In the mid 1800s, the term 'white slavery' was used to describe the Christian slaves that were sold into the Barbary slave trade.Modern use of the term can also include sexual slavery, forced prostitution and human trafficking.The phrase "white slavery" was used by Charles Sumner in 1847 to describe the chattel slavery of Christians throughout the Barbary States and primarily in the Algiers, the capitol of Ottoman Algeria. It also encompassed many forms of slavery, including the European concubines often found in Turkish harems.The term was also used from the beginning of the twentieth century when most of the countries of Europe signed in Paris in 1904 an International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic aimed at combating the sale of women who were forced into prostitution in the countries of continental Europe. In the early twentieth century, the term was used against the forced prostitution and sexual slavery of girls who worked in Chicago brothels.White Slave Trade Slavic SlavesMain articles: Volga trade route and Trade route from the Varangians to the GreeksThe Rus trading slaves with the Khazars: Trade in the East Slavic Camp by Sergei Ivanov (1913)The Volga trade route was established by the Varangians (Vikings) who settled in Northwestern Russia in the early 9th century. About 10 km (6 mi) south of the Volkhov River entry into Lake Ladoga, they established a settlement called Ladoga (Old Norse: Aldeigjuborg).It connected Northern Europe and Northwestern Russia with the Caspian Sea, via the Volga River. The Rus used this route to trade with Muslim countries on the southern shores of the Caspian Sea, sometimes penetrating as far as Baghdad. The route functioned concurrently with the Dnieper trade route, better known as the trade route from the Varangians to the Greeks, and lost its importance in the 11th century.Saqaliba refers to Slavic slaves, kidnapped from the coasts of Europe or in wars, as well as white mercenaries in the medieval Muslim world, in the Middle East, North Africa, Sicily and Al-Andalus. Saqaliba served, or were forced to serve, in a multitude of ways: servants, harem concubines, eunuchs, craftsmen, soldiers, and as Caliph's guards. In Iberia, Morocco, Damascus and Sicily, their military role may be compared with that of mamluks in the Ottoman Empire. In Spain, Slavic eunuchs were so popular and widely distributed that they became synonymous with Saqāliba.Crimean KhanateMain articles: History of slavery in Asia and Crimean KhanateSee also: Crimean–Nogai raids into East Slavic landsIn the time of the Crimean Khanate, Crimeans engaged in frequent raids into the Danubian principalities, Poland-Lithuania, and Muscovy. For each captive, the khan received a fixed share (savğa) of 10 percent or 20 percent. The campaigns by Crimean forces categorize into "sefers", declared military operations led by the khans themselves, and çapuls, raids undertaken by groups of noblemen, sometimes illegally because they contravened treaties concluded by the khans with neighbouring rulers. For a long time, until the early 18th century, the khanate maintained a massive slave trade with the Ottoman Empire and the Middle East. Caffa was one of the best known and significant trading ports and slave markets.Tatar raiders enslaved between 1 and 2 million slaves from Russia and Poland-Lithuania over the period 1500–1700. Caffa (city on Crimean peninsula) was one of the best known and significant trading ports and slave markets.In 1769, a last major Tatar raid resulted in the capture of 20,000 Russian and Ruthenian slaves.Barbary Slave TradeMain articles: Barbary slave trade and Barbary corsairsThe Barbary CoastGiulio Rosati, Inspection of New Arrivals, 1858–1917, Circassian beauties.The purchase of Christian captives by Catholic monks in the Barbary states.Slave markets flourished on the Barbary Coast of North Africa, in what is modern-day Morocco, Algeria, Tunisia, and western Libya, between the 15th and middle of the 18th century.These markets prospered while the states were nominally under Ottoman suzerainty, though, in reality, they were mostly autonomous. The North African slave markets traded in European slaves which were acquired by Barbary pirates in slave raids on ships and by raids on coastal towns from Italy to Spain, Portugal, France, England, the Netherlands, and as far afield as the Turkish Abductions in Iceland. Men, women, and children were captured to such a devastating extent that vast numbers of sea coast towns were abandoned.1815 illustration of a British Captain horrified by seeing Christians worked as slaves in Algiers.According to Robert Davis, between 1 million and 1.25 million Europeans were captured by Barbary pirates and sold as slaves in North Africa and Ottoman Empire between the 15th and 19th centuries. However, to extrapolate his numbers, Davis assumes the number of European slaves captured by Barbary pirates were constant for a 250-year period, stating:There are no records of how many men, women and children were enslaved, but it is possible to calculate roughly the number of fresh captives that would have been needed to keep populations steady and replace those slaves who died, escaped, were ransomed, or converted to Islam. On this basis it is thought that around 8,500 new slaves were needed annually to replenish numbers - about 850,000 captives over the century from 1580 to 1680. By extension, for the 250 years between 1530 and 1780, the figure could easily have been as high as 1,250,000."Davis' numbers have been challenged by other historians, such as David Earle, who cautions that true picture of Europeans slaves is clouded by the fact the corsairs also seized non-Christian whites from eastern Europe and black people from west Africa.In addition, the number of slaves traded was hyperactive, with exaggerated estimates relying on peak years to calculate averages for entire centuries, or millennia. Hence, there were wide fluctuations year-to-year, particularly in the 18th and 19th centuries, given slave imports, and also given the fact that, prior to the 1840s, there are no consistent records. Middle East expert, John Wright, cautions that modern estimates are based on back-calculations from human observation.Such observations, across the late 1500s and early 1600s observers, account for around 35,000 European Christian slaves held throughout this period on the Barbary Coast, across Tripoli, Tunis, but mostly in Algiers. The majority were sailors (particularly those who were English), taken with their ships, but others were fishermen and coastal villagers. However, most of these captives were people from lands close to Africa, particularly Spain and Italy.From bases on the Barbary coast, North Africa, the Barbary pirates raided ships traveling through the Mediterranean and along the northern and western coasts of Africa, plundering their cargo and enslaving the people they captured. From at least 1500, the pirates also conducted raids along seaside towns of Italy, Spain, France, England, the Netherlands and as far away as Iceland, capturing men, women and children. On some occasions, settlements such as Baltimore, Ireland were abandoned following the raid, only being resettled many years later. Between 1609 and 1616, England alone had 466 merchant ships lost to Barbary pirates.While Barbary corsairs looted the cargo of ships they captured, their primary goal was to capture people for sale as slaves or for ransom. Those who had family or friends who might ransom them were held captive, but not obliged to work; the most famous of these was the author Miguel de Cervantes, who was held for almost five years. Others were sold into various types of servitude. Attractive women or boys could be used as sex slaves. Captives who converted to Islam were generally freed, since enslavement of Muslims was prohibited; but this meant that they could never return to their native countries.16th- and 17th-century customs statistics suggest that Istanbul's additional slave import from the Black Sea may have totaled around 2.5 million from 1450 to 1700.The markets declined after the loss of the Barbary Warsand ended in the 1830s, when the region was conquered by France.Christian Slavery in Muslim SpainMain article: Slavery in SpainAbraham Duquesne delivering Christian captives in Algiers after the Bombardment of Algiers (1683).During the Al-Andalus (also known as Muslim Spain or Islamic Iberia), the Moors controlled much of the peninsula. They imported white Christian slaves from the 8th century until the Reconquista in the late 15th century. The slaves were exported from the Christian section of Spain, as well as Eastern Europe, sparking significant reaction from many in Christian Spain and many Christians still living in Muslim Spain. Soon after, Muslims were successful, taking Christian captives of 30,000 from Spain. In the eighth century slavery lasted longer due to "frequent cross-border skirmishes, interspersed between periods of major campaigns". By the tenth century, in the eastern Mediterranean Byzantine Christian's were captured by Muslims. Many of the raids designed by Muslims were created for a fast captive of prisoners. Therefore, Muslims restricted the control in order to keep captives from fleeing. The Iberian peninsula served as a base for further exports of slaves into other Muslim regions in Northern Africa.Ottoman Slave TradeMain article: Ottoman slave tradeSlavery was a legal and a significant part of the Ottoman Empire's economy and society.The main sources of slaves were war captives and organized enslavement expeditions in Africa, Eastern Europe and Circassia in the Caucasus. It has been reported that the selling price of slaves fell after large military operations Enslavement of Europeans was banned in the early 19th century, while slaves from other groups were allowed.Even after several measures to ban slavery in the late 19th century, the practice continued largely unabated into the early 20th century. As late as 1908, female slaves were still sold in the Ottoman Empire. Sexual slavery was a central part of the Ottoman slave system throughout the history of the institution.European SlaverySee also: Slavery in Ireland, Slavery in Britain, Slavery in Spain, and Slavery in RussiaRelief from Smyrna (present-day Izmir, Turkey) depicting a Roman soldier leading captives in chainsSlavery in Ancient RomeMain article: Slavery in ancient RomeFurther information: Slavery in the Byzantine EmpireThe Slave Market, by Gustave Boulanger(1882)In the Roman Republic and later Roman Empire, slaves accounted for most of the means of industrial output in Roman commerce. Slaves were drawn from all over Europe and the Mediterranean, including Gaul, Hispania, North Africa, Syria, Germania, Britannia, the Balkans, and Greece. Generally, slaves in Italy were indigenous Italians, with a minority of foreigners (including both slaves and freedmen) born outside of Italy estimated at 5% of the total in the capital, where their number was largest, at its peak.Slaves numbering in the tens of thousands were condemned to work in the mines or quarries, where conditions were notoriously brutal. Damnati in metallum ("those condemned to the mine") were convicts who lost their freedom as citizens (libertas), forfeited their property (bona) to the state, and became servi poenae, slaves as a legal penalty. Their status under the law was different from that of other slaves; they could not buy their freedom, be sold, or be set free. They were expected to live and die in the mines.Imperial slaves and freedmen (the familia Caesaris) worked in mine administration and management. In the Late Republic, about half the gladiators who fought in Roman arenas were slaves, though the most skilled were often free volunteers.Successful gladiators were occasionally rewarded with freedom. However, gladiators being trained warriors and having access to weapons, were potentially the most dangerous slaves. At an earlier time, many gladiators had been soldiers taken captive in war. Spartacus, who led the great slave rebellion of 73-71 BCE, was a rebel gladiator.The slaves imported in Italy were native Europeans, and very few of them were from outside Europe. This has been confirmed by biochemical analysis of 166 skeletons from three imperial-era cemeteries in the vicinity of Rome (where the bulk of the slaves lived), which shows that only one individual came from outside of Europe (North Africa), and another two possibly did, but results are inconclusive. In the rest of the Italian peninsula, the fraction of non European slaves was much lower than that.Slavery Under Islamic RuleHistory of the Ottoman EmpireSocial structureCourt and aristocracyOttoman courtSlaveryDevshirmeMilletsMuslimsChristians ArmeniansBulgariansGreeksJewsGreat Fire of 1660Main articles: History of slavery in the Muslim world and Slavery in the Ottoman EmpireThe "pençik" or "penç-yek" tax, meaning "one fifth", was a taxation based on a verse of the Quran; whereby one fifth of the spoils of war belonged to God, to Muhammad and his family, to orphans, to those in need and to travelers. This eventually included slaves and war captives were given to soldiers and officers to help motivate their participation in wars.Main articles: Dhimmi, Dhimmitude, and JizyaChristians and Jews, known as People of the Book in Islam, were considered dhimmis in territories under Muslim rule, a status of second-class citizens that were afforded limited freedoms, legal protections, personal safety, and were allowed to "practice their religion, subject to certain conditions, and to enjoy a measure of communal autonomy". In order to keep these protections and rights, dhimmis were required to pay the Jizya and Kharaj taxes as an acknowledgement of Muslim rule. According to Abu Yusuf, Failure to pay this tax should render the dhemmi's life and property void and subject the dhemmi to forced conversion, enslavement, imprisonment or death. If anyone had agreed to pay the jizya, leaving Muslim territory for enemy land was punishable by enslavement if captured.Failure to pay the jizya was commonly punished by house arrest and some legal authorities allowed enslavement of dhimmis for non-payment of taxes.In South Asia, for example, seizure of dhimmi families upon their failure to pay annual jizya was one of the two significant sources of slaves sold in the slave markets of Delhi Sultanate and Mughal era. Main article: DevshirmeSee also: Kapi Agha, Ghilman, Mamluk, and SaqalibaThe Devshirme was a blood tax largely imposed in the Balkans and Anatoliain which the Ottoman Empire sent military to collect Christian boys between the ages of 8 to 18 that were taken from their families and raised to serve the empire.The tax was imposed by Murad I in the mid 1300s and lasted until the reign of Ahmet III in the early 1700s. From the mid to late 14th, through early 18th centuries, the devşirme–janissary system enslaved an estimated 500,000 to one million non–Muslim adolescent males.These boys would attain a great education and high social standing after their training and forced conversion to Islam.Basilike Papoulia wrote that "...the devsirme was the 'forcible removal', in the form of a tribute, of children of the Christian subjects from their ethnic, religious and cultural environment and their transportation into the Turkish-Islamic environment with the aim of employing them in the service of the Palace, the army, and the state, whereby they were on the one hand to serve the Sultan as slaves and freedmen and on the other to form the ruling class of the State."Indentured ServitudeMain articles: Indentured servitude and Irish indentured servantsIn the modern era, many whites in England, Ireland and British North America were indentured servants, a form of slavery now banned by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.Between 50 and 67 percent of white immigrants to the American colonies, from the 1630s and American Revolution, had traveled under indenture.White Slave TrafficMain article: International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave TrafficThe International Agreement for the suppression of the White Slave Traffic is a series of anti–human trafficking treaties, the first of which was first negotiated in Paris in 1904. It was one of the first multilateral treaties to address issues of slavery and human trafficking. The Slavery, Servitude, Forced Labour and Similar Institutions and Practices Convention of 1926 and the International Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Women of Full Age of 1933 are similar documents.White Slave Traffic Act of 1910Main article: Mann ActTo battle sex trafficking in the United States, in 1910 the US Congress passed the White Slave Traffic Act (better known as the Mann Act), which made it a felony to transport women across state borders for the purpose of "prostitution or debauchery, or for any other immoral purpose." As more women were being trafficked from foreign countries, the US began passing immigration acts to curtail aliens from entering the country such as the Emergency Quota Act of 1921 and the Immigration Act of 1924. Following the banning of immigrants during the 1920s, human trafficking was not considered a major issue until the 1990s.Criminal Law Amendment (White Slave Traffic) BillAn attempt was made to introduce a similar law into the UK between 1910 and 1913 as the Criminal Law Amendment Act 1912. Arthur Lee would state in the House of Commons: "the United Kingdom, and particularly England, is increasingly becoming a clearing-house and depot and dispatch centre of the white slave traffic, and the headquarters of the foreign agents engaged in the most expensive and lucrative phase of the business."South America was stated as the main destination for the trafficked girls. The Spectator commented that "the Bill has been blocked by a member [alluding to Frederick Booth ] or members who, for various reasons consider that it is not a measure which ought to be placed upon the statute book" as it would affect the liberty of the individual.See alsoTurkish AbductionsMamlukGuðríður SímonardóttirJan JanszoonÓlafur EgilssonRumeliaRumelia EyaletSeljuk Empire1926 Slavery ConventionSlavery in antiquityWhite slave propagandaWhite-Slave Traffic ActIrish slave mythReferences[edit]Jump up^ Sumner, Charles (1847). White Slavery in The Barbary States. A Lecture Before The Boston Mercantile Library Association, Feb. 17, 1847. Boston: William D. Ticknor and Company. p. 4. I propose to consider the subject of White Slavery in Algiers, or perhaps is might be more appropriately called, White Slavery in the Barbary States. As Algiers was its chief seat, it seems to have acquired a current name for the place. This I shall not disturb; though I shall speak of white slavery, or the slavery of Christians, throughout the Barbary States.Jump up^ Sumner, Charles (1847). White Slavery in The Barbary States. A Lecture Before The Boston Mercantile Library Association, Feb. 17, 1847. Boston: William D. Ticknor and Company. p. 54. Among the concubines of a prince of Morocco were two slaves of the age of fifteen, one of English, and the other of French extraction. - Lampiere's Tour, p. 147. There is an account of "One Mrs. Shaw, an Irishwoman," in words hardly polite enough to be quoted. She was swept into the harem of Muley Shmael, who "forced her to turn moor";"but soon after, having taken a dislike to her, he gave her to a soldier." - Braithwaite's Morocco, p. 191.Jump up^ Brøndsted (1965), pp. 64–65Jump up^ The Historical Encyclopedia of World Slavery: A-K ; Vol. II, L-Z, by Junius P. RodriguezJump up^ Historical survey > Slave societiesJump up^ Galina I. Yermolenko (15 July 2010). Roxolana in European Literature, History and Culture. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 111. ISBN 978-0-7546-6761-2. Retrieved 31 May 2012.Jump up^ Darjusz Kołodziejczyk, as reported by Mikhail Kizilov (2007). "Slaves, Money Lenders, and Prisoner Guards:The Jews and the Trade in Slaves and Captivesin the Crimean Khanate". The Journal of Jewish Studies. p. 2.Jump up^ Historical survey > Slave societiesJump up^ CaffaJump up^ Davis, Robert. Christian Slaves, Muslim Masters: White Slavery in the Mediterranean, the Barbary Coast and Italy, 1500-1800.[1]Jump up^ "When Europeans were slaves: Research suggests white slavery was much more common than previously believed", Research News, Ohio State University^ Jump up to:a b Carroll, Rory; correspondent, Africa (2004-03-11). "New book reopens old arguments about slave raids on Europe". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2017-12-11.Jump up^ Wright, John (2007). "Trans-Saharan Slave Trade". Routledge.Jump up^ Davis, Robert (17 Feb 2011). "British Slaves on the Barbary Coast". BBC.Jump up^ Rees Davies, "British Slaves on the Barbary Coast", BBC, 1 July 2003Jump up^ Diego de Haedo, Topografía e historia general de Argel, 3 vols., Madrid, 1927-29.Jump up^ Daniel Eisenberg, "¿Por qué volvió Cervantes de Argel?", in Ingeniosa invención: Essays on Golden Age Spanish Literature for Geoffrey L. Stagg in Honor of his Eighty-Fifth Birthday, Newark, Delaware, Juan de la Cuesta, 1999, ISBN 9780936388830, pp. 241-253, http://www.cervantesvirtual.com/obra/por-qu-volvi-cervantes-de-argel-0/, retrieved 11/20/2014.Jump up^ The Cambridge World History of Slavery: Volume 3, AD 1420–AD 1804Jump up^ Trade and traders in Muslim Spain, Fourth Series, Cambridge University Press, 1996.Jump up^ Supply of Slaves^ Jump up to:a b Spyropoulos Yannis, Slaves and freedmen in 17th- and early 18th-century Ottoman Crete, Turcica, 46, 2015, p. 181, 182.Jump up^ Ottomans against Italians and Portuguese about (white slavery).Jump up^ Eric Dursteler (2006). Venetians in Constantinople: Nation, Identity, and Coexistence in the Early Modern Mediterranean. JHU Press. p. 72. ISBN 978-0-8018-8324-8.Jump up^ Wolf Von Schierbrand (28 March 1886). "Slaves sold to the Turk; How the vile traffic is still carried on in the East. Sights our correspondent saw for twenty dollars--in the house of a grand old Turk of a dealer" (PDF). The New York Times. Retrieved 19 January 2011.Jump up^ Madeline C. Zilfi Women and slavery in the late Ottoman Empire Cambridge University Press, 2010Jump up^ Santosuosso, Antonio (2001). Storming the Heavens. Westview Press. pp. 43–44. ISBN 978-0-8133-3523-0.Jump up^ Alfred Michael Hirt, Imperial Mines and Quarries in the Roman World: Organizational Aspects 27–BC AD 235 (Oxford University Press, 2010), sect. 3.3.Jump up^ Hirt, Imperial Mines and Quarries, sect. 4.2.1.Jump up^ Alison Futrell, A Sourcebook on the Roman Games (Blackwell, 2006), p. 124.Jump up^ Prowse, Tracy L.; Schwarcz, Henry P.; Garnsey, Peter; Knyf, Martin; MacChiarelli, Roberto; Bondioli, Luca (2007). "Isotopic evidence for age-related immigration to imperial Rome". American Journal of Physical Anthropology. 132 (4): 510–519. doi:10.1002/ajpa.20541. PMID 17205550.Jump up^ Killgrove, Kristina; Montgomery, Janet (2016). "Killgrove and Montgomery. "All Roads Lead to Rome: Exploring Human Migration to the Eternal City through Biochemistry of Skeletons from Two Imperial-Era Cemeteries (1st-3rd c AD)"". PLOS ONE. 11 (2): e0147585. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0147585. PMC 4749291. PMID 26863610.Jump up^ Lewis, Bernard (1984). The Jews of Islam. Princeton University Press. p. 14–15. ISBN 978-0-691-00807-3.Jump up^ Humphrey Fisher (2001), Slavery in the History of Muslim Black Africa. NYU Press. p. 47.Jump up^ Lewis, Bernard (1992). Race and Slavery in the Middle East: An Historical Enquiry. Oxford University Press. p. 7. ISBN 978-0195053265. [...] those who remained faithful to their old religions and lived as protected persons (dhimmis) under Muslim rule could not, if free, be legally enslaved unless they had violated the terms of the dhimma, the contract governing their status, as for example by rebelling against Muslim rule or helping the enemies of the Muslim state or, according to some authorities, by withholding payment of the Kharaj or the Jizya, the taxes due from dhimmis to the Muslim state.Jump up^ Mark R. Cohen (2005), Poverty and Charity in the Jewish Community of Medieval Egypt, Princeton University Press, ISBN 978-0691092720, pp. 120–3; 130–8, Quotes: "Family members were held responsible for individual's poll tax (mahbus min al-jizya)"; "Imprisonment for failure to pay (poll tax) debt was very common"; "This imprisonment often meant house arrest... which was known as tarsim"Jump up^ I. P. Petrushevsky (1995), Islam in Iran, SUNY Press, ISBN 978-0-88706-070-0, pp 155, Quote - "The law does not contemplate slavery for debt in the case of Muslims, but it allows the enslavement of Dhimmis for non-payment of jizya and kharaj.(...) "Jump up^ Scott C. Levi (2002), "Hindu Beyond Hindu Kush: Indians in the Central Asian Slave Trade." Journal of the Royal Asiatic Society, 12, Part 3 (November 2002): p. 282Jump up^ Perry Anderson (1979). Lineages of the Absolutist State. Verso. pp. 366–. ISBN 978-0-86091-710-6.Jump up^ Pollard, Elizabeth (2015). Worlds Together Worlds Apart. W.W. Norton & Company. p. 395. ISBN 978-0-393-92207-3.Jump up^ A. E. Vacalopoulos. The Greek Nation, 1453–1669, New Brunswick, New Jersey, Rutgers University Press, 1976, p. 41; Vasiliki Papoulia, The Impact of Devshirme on Greek Society, in War and Society in East Central Europe, Editor—in—Chief, Bela K. Kiraly, 1982, Vol. II, pp. 561—562.Jump up^ David Nicolle (1995-05-15), The Janissaries, p. 12, ISBN 9781855324138Jump up^ Some Notes on the Devsirme, Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, Vol. 29, No. 1, 1966, V.L.Menage, (Cambridge University Press, 1966), 64.Jump up^ Galenson 1984: 1Jump up^ Candidate, Jo Doezema Ph.D. "Loose women or lost women? The re-emergence of the myth of white slavery in contemporary discourses of trafficking in women." Gender issues 18.1 (1999): 23-50.Jump up^ Donovan, Brian. White slave crusades: race, gender, and anti-vice activism, 1887-1917. Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2006.Jump up^ Hansard CRIMINAL LAW AMENDMENT (WHITE SLAVE TRAFFIC) BILL. HC Deb 10 June 1912 vol 39 cc571-627Jump up^ The Spectator 11 May 1912Categories:Greek slaves of the Ottoman EmpireSlaves of the Ottoman EmpireEthnic and racial stereotypesArabian slaves and freedmenSexual slaverySlavery lawSlavery by typeSearchMain pageContentsFeatured contentCurrent eventsRandom articleDonate to WikipediaWikipedia storeInteractionHelpCommunity portalRecent changesContact pageToolsWhat links hereRelated changesUpload fileSpecial pagesPermanent linkPage informationWikidata itemCite this pagePrint/exportCreate a bookDownload as PDFPrintable versionLanguagesFrançais日本語РусскийTürkç

The article you reference is like most other articles fallaciously claiming the global warming “science is settled”. It’s primarily opinion derived from otherwise inconclusive or manipulated data.It’s utterly absurd to claim that the theory of CAGW has been proven or even validated by the scientific method. It hasn’t. It is still just hypothesis based upon correlation; partially estimated, extrapolated, manipulated, and manufactured temperature data; flawed and manipulated computer models using the manipulated temperature data and “educated” guesses of climate sensitivity to CO2; and an incomplete understanding of how CO2 affects climate combined with an unproven hypothesis speculating that “greenhouse gases” warm the earth in violation of the 2nd law of thermodynamics.There is an immense amount of information contradicting the theory of CAGW, including dozens of failed computer model predictions, published evidence of mendacity by climate alarmist scientists, contradictory temperature measurements, non-correlation of CO2 and global temps, etc. Thousands of scientists have gone on record denouncing the theory as fraudulent and/or exaggerated. Many climate alarmists have even admitted they have exaggerated their claims and conslusions. Others have changed from alarmists to skeptics.And we now know that the primary driving forces behind the global warming scam are the usual suspects- money and power:For many CAGW alarmists- UN officials, globalists, leftist politicians, greedy and unscrupulous bankers and other investors, radical environmentalists, and avowed socialists/communists, the theory of CAGW is not really about climate change. Rather it is about changing the political and economic systems of the world. Specifically, it is about instituting one world government, replacing capitalism and democracy with global authoritarian socialism, and markedly reducing global population as illustrated below.“…the global warming rubric has provided an ideal platform to accomplish exactly what [former socialist Venezuelan president] Chavez has in mind…to enable the U.N. to advance large transformational visions of socialism, wealth redistribution, and ultimately, global governance.” The U.N.'s Global Warming War On Capitalism: An Important History Lesson“So-called Climate Change, aka Global Warming, is a neo-malthusian deindustrialization agenda originally developed by circles around the Rockefeller family in the early 1970’s to prevent rise of independent industrial rivals.” The Dark Story Behind Global Warming aka Climate ChangeThe UN and many of its globalist, socialist and environmentalist members and advisors, particularly oil billionaires Maurice Strong and David Rockefeller, along with Rockefeller’s Club of Rome, initially developed much of this scheme. It was formalized at the 1992 Rio Climate Conference (organized by Strong) as UN Agenda 21 or the Sustainable Development Agenda: “Effective execution of Agenda 21 will require a profound reorientation of all human society, unlike anything the world has ever experienced; a major shift in the priorities of both governments and individuals and an unprecedented redeployment of human and financial resources. This shift will demand that a concern for the environmental consequences of every human action be integrated into individual and collective decision-making at every level … Private land ownership is also a principal instrument of accumulation and concentration of wealth and therefore contributes to social injustice … The provision of decent dwellings and healthy conditions for the people can only be achieved if land is used in the interest of the society as a whole.” David J.C. Shearman – No B-S here (I hope)[Agenda 21 is now being replaced with the UN’s Agenda 2030, with the same globalist/socialist goals.]Lest you believe this is just conspiracy theory , read what many alarmists have admitted:Gus Hall, former leader of the Communist Party USA: “Human society cannot basically stop the destruction of the environment under capitalism. Socialism is the only structure that makes it possible.”UN Commission on Global Governance: "The concept of national sovereignty has been immutable, indeed a sacred principle of international relations. It is a principle which will yield only slowly and reluctantly to the new imperatives of global environmental cooperation.""This is the first time in the history of mankind that we are setting ourselves the task of intentionally, within a defined period of time, to change the economic development model that has been reigning for at least 150 years, since the Industrial Revolution." . Referring to a new international treaty environmentalists hope will be adopted at the Paris climate change conference later this year, she added: "This is probably the most difficult task we have ever given ourselves, which is to intentionally transform the economic development model for the first time in human history." - Christiana Figueres, executive secretary of U.N.'s Framework Convention on Climate ChangeFormer U.S. democrat Senator Timothy Wirth (D-CO), then representing the Clinton-Gore administration as U.S undersecretary of state for global issues, joined Maurice Strong in addressing the 1992 Climate Summit audience: “We have got to ride the global warming issue. Even if the theory of global warming is wrong, we will be doing the right thing in terms of economic and environmental policy.” (Wirth is now president of the U.N. Foundation which lobbies for $hundreds of billions of U.S. taxpayer dollars to help underdeveloped countries "fight" climate change.) The U.N.'s Global Warming War On Capitalism: An Important History LessonChristine Stewart, then Canadian Minister of the Environment, speaking before editors and reporters of the Calgary Herald in 1998, said, “No matter if the science of global warming is all phony…climate change [provides] the greatest opportunity to bring about justice and equality in the world.” https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christine_StewartDavid Brower, a founder of the Sierra Club and Friends of the Earth: “The goal now is a socialist, redistributionist society, which is nature’s proper steward and society’s only hope.”Judi Bari, Principal organizer of Earth First! - "If we don't overthrow capitalism, we don't have a chance of saving the world ecologically. I think it is possible to have an ecologically sound society under socialism. I don't think it is possible under capitalism.” Reported in the New American March 7th, 2013 and "Starting from the very reasonable, but unfortunately revolutionary concept that social practices which threaten the continuation of life on Earth must be changed, we need a theory of revolutionary ecology that will encompass social and biological issues, class struggle, and a recognition of the role of global corporate capitalism in the oppression of peoples and the destruction of nature." Starting from the very reasonable, but unfortunately revolutionary conceptHelen Caldicott, an Australian physician and a leading member of the leftist political organization Union of Concerned Scientists: “Free Enterprise really means rich people get richer. They have the freedom to exploit and psychologically rape their fellow human beings in the process…Capitalism is destroying the earth.”(By the way, according to the reference below, the Union of Concerned Scientists is a left-wing advocacy organization that spreads unscientific alarmism about environmental and energy topics. It is not a scientific organization although it is treated as one by the press and others ignorant of its true political agendas. It began as a leftist anti-Vietnam War group and now promotes the theory of catastrophic CO2 global warming, anti-nuclear energy, anti-GMO, radical environmental stances, and other left-wing agendas. Apparently anyone can join for $25 to become a “concerned scientist”. Though founded in 1969 by faculty and students at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, UCS’ mission from the beginning has never been the pursuit of knowledge through scientific discovery. It has instead pursued left-wing advocacy on technology, environmental, and energy issues—regardless of what the scientific data have shown. Union of Concerned Scientists - Left Exposed Its president is not a scientist but a lifelong political activist. He is close to Al Gore and former democrat senator and CO2 global warming alarmist, Tim Wirth, who commented about the theory of CAGW this way: "we've got to ride the global-warming issue. Even if the theory of global warming is wrong, we will be doing the right thing — in terms of economic policy and environmental policy." (Not surprisingly, after Wirth left the Senate and the Clinton administration he ended up at the United Nations as president of the UN Foundation. National Review: Climate Change Hypocrisy Also see: https://www.quora.com/Do-you-think-that-the-Trump-administration-is-actively-censoring-data-about-climate-change/answer/Charles-Holley-10/comment/104179721Club of Rome: “Now is the time to draw up a master plan for sustainable growth and world development based on global allocation of all resources and a new global economic system. Ten or twenty years from today it will probably be too late.”David Rockefeller, billionaire founding member Club of Rome and close friend of Maurice Strong: “We are on the verge of a global transformation. All we need is the right major crisis…”(Many of the above quotes from: C3: Global Warming Quotes & Climate Change Quotes: Human-Caused Global Warming Advocates/Supporters)"Current lifestyles and consumption patterns of the affluent middle class- involving high meat intake, use of fossil fuels, appliances, air-conditioning, and suburban housing- are not sustainable."- Maurice Strong, Canadian oil billionaire socialist, close friend of David Rockefeller, organizer of the Rio Earth Summit and the UN Foundation The Green AgendaOne of the most ardent supporters of CAGW, socialist author Naomi Klein: “…most leftists have yet to realize that climate science has handed them the most powerful argument against capitalism since William Blake’s ‘dark Satanic Mills’…The deniers did not decide that climate change is a left-wing conspiracy by uncovering some covert socialist plot. They arrived at this analysis by taking a hard look at what it would take to lower global emissions as drastically and as rapidly as climate science demands. They have concluded that this can be done only by radically reordering our economic and political systems in ways antithetical to their “free market” belief system. As British blogger and Heartland regular James Delingpole has pointed out, 'Modern environmentalism successfully advances many of the causes dear to the left: redistribution of wealth, higher taxes, greater government intervention, regulation.' Heartland’s Bast puts it even more bluntly: For the left, 'Climate change is the perfect thing…. It’s the reason why we should do everything [the left] wanted to do anyway.' Here’s my inconvenient truth: they aren’t wrong... arriving at these new systems is going to require shredding the free-market ideology that has dominated the global economy for more than three decades. What follows is a quick-and-dirty look at what a serious climate agenda would mean in the following six arenas: public infrastructure, economic planning, corporate regulation, international trade, consumption and taxation." Capitalism vs. the ClimateClub of Rome, environmental think-tank and consultants to the United Nations. "In searching for a new enemy to unite us, we came up with the idea that pollution, the threat of global warming, water shortages, famine and the like would fit the bill....All these dangers are caused by human intervention....and thus the “real enemy, then, is humanity itself...humans need a common motivation, namely a common adversary, to organize and act together in the vacuum; such a motivation must be found to bring the divided nations together to face an outside enemy, either a real one or else one invented for the purpose… Democracy is not a panacea. It cannot organize everything and it is unaware of its own limits. Sacrilegious though this may sound, democracy is no longer well suited for the tasks ahead. The complexity and the technical nature of many of today’s problems do not always allow elected representatives to make competent decisions at the right time…Democracy has failed us, a new system of global governance, based on environmental imperatives, must be implemented quickly...A radical change from the current trajectory is required, a complete reordering of global society..." From their book “The First Global Revolution”. The First Global Revolution For more COR quotes see: The Green AgendaAustralians Professor David Shearman and ecologist Joseph Wayne Smith published The Climate Change Challenge and the Failure of Democracy. Amazon’s blurb says, “This provocative book presents compelling evidence that the fundamental problem behind environmental destruction―and climate change in particular―is the operation of liberal democracy.” Originally a research tract, the abstract says the authors conclude that an authoritarian form of government is necessary, but this will be governance by experts and not by those who seek power. [Good luck with that!] David J.C. Shearman – No B-S here (I hope)"Government in the future will be based upon . . . a supreme office of the biosphere. The office will comprise specially trained philosopher/ecologists. These guardians will either rule themselves or advise an authoritarian government of policies based on their ecological training and philosophical sensitivities." David Shearman, an IPCC Assessor for 3rd and 4th climate change reports Inconvenient Quotes (For Climate Alarmists) (Al Gore, enemy, global warming, ethical) and https://www.heraldsun.com.au/blogs/andrew-bolt/warmist-yearns-for-the-freedom-of-a-dictatorship/news-story/c3f37af24d1ad137dde65fac558c95f0Quotes from an article about a recent UN study: “Meeting current or growing levels of energy need in the next few decades with low-carbon solutions (i.e., renewables) will be extremely difficult, if not impossible. The economic transition must involve efforts to lower total energy use.…international freight transport and aviation cannot continue to grow at current rates.…dairy and meat should make way for largely plant-based diets. But capitalist markets will not be capable of facilitating the required changes – governments will need to step up, and institutions (i.e., globalist elitist groups) will need to actively shape markets to fit the goals of human survival. It can’t happen without considerable reframing of economic-political thinking, however.” This is how UN scientists are preparing for the end of capitalismDr. John Holdren, Obama’s Science Czar - “A transnational “Planetary Regime” should assume control of the global economy and also dictate the most intimate details of Americans’ lives... using an armed international police force. The first step necessarily involves partial surrender of sovereignty to an international organization". (His book, “Ecoscience” co-authored with Paul Ehrlich in 1977) and “A massive campaign must be launched to restore a high-quality environment in North America and to de-develop the United States...De-development means bringing our economic system (especially patterns of consumption) into line with the realities of ecology and the global resource situation...Redistribution of wealth both within and among nations is absolutely essential, if a decent life is to be provided for every human being." Inconvenient Quotes (For Climate Alarmists) (Al Gore, enemy, global warming, ethical) and https://antioligarch.wordpress.c...Former Soviet Union President Mikhail Gorbachev recognizing the importance of using climate alarmism to advance global socialist/Marxist objectives, stated in 1996: “The threat of environmental crisis will be the international disaster key to unlock the New World Order.” The U.N.'s Global Warming War On Capitalism: An Important History LessonEvo Morales, the socialist president of Bolivia at the 20th Conference of the Parties (COP-20) of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change: "The origin of global warming lies in capitalism… If we could end capitalism then we would have a solution.” 'The origin of global warming lies in capitalism'Former socialist President of Venezuela, Hugo Chavez, at the 2010 UN Mexico Climate Conference: “Our revolution seeks to help all people…Socialism,... that’s the way to save the planet; capitalism is the road to hell…Let’s fight against capitalism..." The U.N.'s Global Warming War On Capitalism: An Important History Lesson (He received a standing ovation from the huge crowd of attendees!)The latest United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) report led Eric Holthaus, a Grist (environmental magazine based in Seattle) writer, to tweet enthusiastically in 2018, “The world’s top scientists just gave rigorous backing to systematically dismantle capitalism as a key requirement to maintaining civilization and a habitable planet.” U.N. Climate Report Merely a Blueprint for Destroying the World Economy“A massive campaign must be launched to de-develop the United States.” - Paul Ehrlich, Stanford Professor of Population Studies and author of “The Population Bomb” (1968) and co-author of “Ecoscience” (1977) with John Holdren http://green-agenda.com/index.htmlRichard Benedick - former US Deputy Assistant of State, headed the policy divisions of the U.S. State Department: “A global warming treaty [Kyoto] must be implemented even if there is no scientific evidence to back the greenhouse effect.” from the 1990 book “Trashing the Planet” Inconvenient Quotes (For Climate Alarmists) (Al Gore, enemy, global warming, ethical)Former French President Jacques Chirac, supporting the Kyoto Protocol: “For the first time, humanity is instituting a genuine instrument of global governance, one that should find a place within the World Environmental Organization which France and the European Union would like to see established.” The U.N.'s Global Warming War On Capitalism: An Important History Lesson"The objective, clearly enunciated by the leaders of the UN Conference on Environment and Development (Rio Climate Conference) is to bring about a change in the present system of independent nations. The future is to be World Government with central planning by the United Nations. Fear of environmental crises - whether real or not - is expected to lead to – compliance” -Dixy Lee Ray, PhD Biology Stanford, former Democrat governor of State of Washington, U.S. https://www.azquotes.com/author/12122-Dixie_Lee_RaySaikat Chakrabarti, US Congresswoman and avowed socialist Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez's former chief of staff-“The interesting thing about the Green New Deal is it wasn’t originally a climate thing at all. Do you guys think of it as a climate thing? Because we really think of it as a how-do-you-change-the-entire-economy thing.” https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/magazine/wp/2019/07/10/feature/how-saikat-chakrabarti-became-aocs-chief-of-change/?utm_term=.b996d5303802For additional similar quotes, see: John Walker's answer to Could someone please provide a printable copy of the "global warming agenda” by “the globalists” who are said to push it?Frequently alarmists will try to discredit the above quotes by claiming they are taken out of context. But whenever available, I have included the entire context and/or the reference from which quotes were obtained. One can look and see for themselves that the quotes express exactly what is indicated. No amount of spin will change that.For a deeper understanding of the political ideology driving the CAGW scam, it is imperative to look briefly at history. WWII devastated the infrastructure and economies of Europe and Japan. The US developed the Marshall Plan (the Foreign Assistance Act of 1948) with help from the left-of-center think tank, the Brookings Institute as requested by then Senate Foreign Relations Committee chairman, Arthur Vandenberg. Although a Republican, Vandenberg rejected nationalism and embraced “internationalism”. He strongly supported FDR’s founding of the United Nations.Internationalism is an important component of socialist political theory, based on the principle that working-class people of all countries must unite across national boundaries and actively oppose nationalism and war in order to overthrow capitalism…Internationalism (politics) - Wikipedia The ideal for many internationalists is to create socialist globalization and a one-world government.Ironically, the Marshall Plan was initially developed as a foreign aid plan to the devastated European nations in part to deter the advance of Soviet communism. The US sent the current equivalent of $100 billion to these nations, which was meant to cease once they had recovered. But in 1951, the Marshall Plan was replaced by the Mutual Security Act of 1951, which was replaced by the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961, which continued $billions in economic aid to portions of Europe along with parts of Asia and South/Central America.Of course, economic aid continues today and has expanded to numerous other countries even though the Cold War ended decades ago. Many of these nations were allowed to raise tariffs against American products while the US usually did not reciprocate. While aid to wealthy western nations has essentially ceased (except for the $billions in military protection the US continues to provide), many of these nations have maintained tariffs on American imports. Thus, since WWII, America has already been redistributing much of its wealth to scores of nations around the world. Again, ironically, many conservatives supported foreign aid to prevent the spread of communism, while much of the drive for this continued wealth redistribution from leftists and globalists was based upon the desire to “fundamentally transform” American exceptionalism and nationalism into internationalism by the redistribution of American wealth and power (anyone recall that phrase, “fundamentally transform”, from Obama’s speeches?).So this is the historical link between the UN goal of internationalism and its goal for the redistribution of American wealth/power to other nations via its fraudulent CAGW campaign. But instead of $billions, it is now $trillions. (It is also simple to comprehend one of the primary reasons the left/socialists/globalist elites loathe Trump and his reciprocal tariffs meant to diminish the flow of jobs and wealth to foreign nations! He is the first president to attempt this since 1948, and the left is trying desperately to make him fail and remove him from office by any means in order to keep him from pursuing his goal of keeping America a sovereign, highly successful capitalist nation and world leader. To them the ends justify their Machiavellian means.)So the CAGW agenda has been led primarily by the UN, particularly the IPCC, and leftist politicians, radical leftist environmentalists, and other socialists. But over the years, wealthy bankers, greedy politicians and other investors have realized that the “green agenda” is a potential gold mine. Certainly Al Gore has cashed in on it. When running for president in 1999, he reported a net worth of $1.7 million. Since then, he has been involved in multiple lucrative climate-related business ventures and served on the boards of numerous high-profile companies like Google and Apple, often because of his public image as a savior of the planet from CAGW. As of 2013, his fortune was estimated at $200 million, a good chunk of which was derived from climate change-related business.Gore was one of the early promoters of the Chicago Climate Exchange (along with Enron!) He, President Obama, and others lobbied feverishly to have CO2 “Cap-and-Trade” legislation passed by Congress, which would have mandated all industries that produced CO2 to either limit their production of CO2 or purchase carbon credit “off-sets” from companies that started with excess credits or which lowered their production enough to sell their excess supply of CO2 credits, all via transactions through the Chicago Climate (commodities) Exchange! In essence, CO2 emissions could initially remain the same, or even increase, for companies willing to pay the additional cost. However, over time, CO2 emission levels were to be sequentially lowered, which would have driven the price of carbon credits (and the Exchange’s stock price) higher and higher. At its founding, it was estimated that the size of the Exchange’s carbon trading market could reach $500 billion. That estimate ballooned over the years to $10 trillion! R.I.P.: Al Gore’s Chicago Climate Exchange Has Died | National ReviewOf course, huge commissions would have been made in the buying and selling process, just like any other commodities trading. And lots of big investors (including Gore and other CAGW promoters) wanted to get in on the action. Goldman-Sachs was the largest shareholder owning 18% of the Exchange. Al Gore, with three former Goldman Sachs bankers, together made up the fifth largest. According to figures released by the Federal Election Commission, Goldman Sachs was also heavily invested in the Obama presidency. Goldman's PAC and individual Goldman contributors made up the campaign's second-largest donation, nearly $1 million.But without the needed legislation (which was never passed by republican congressional majorities), the Exchange could not generate the huge profits envisioned by its wealthy investors. In 2010 it was bought by Intercontinental Exchange (a publicly-traded commodities exchange company). Included in the sale was the European Climate Exchange (still quite profitable because of all of the global warming legislation passed across the EU) for over $600 million. Obviously the original investors made a chunk of change from the sale.“Unlike most real markets, the carbon market was created by banks and governments so that new investment opportunities could seamlessly dovetail with specific government policies. It’s a fantasy casino based on a doctrine of pure science fiction…Placed in its proper historical context, we can see that the man-made global warming movement was a classic merger of radical Collectivist ideas and huge financial opportunities… Never has the world seen a more stunning collusion between government (include the UN here) and big business” - The Great Collapse of the Chicago Climate Exchange - 21st Century Wire“A $16.3 trillion public investment [i.e., increased federal taxes] is necessary to make those [climate change] goals a reality, which falls in line with Rep. Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez (D-NY), who said any viable climate change plan needed to come with a $10 trillion price tag – at least– in order to ‘have a shot’.” Bernie Sanders Unveils Massive $16 Trillion Green New Deal PlanIn the end, the public (consumers and taxpayers) pay the $trillions that the CAGW scam is costing, with $billions of that money going into the pockets of “green” investors and businesses, all pushing the CAGW theory.Bernie Sanders Is Open To A ‘Meat Tax’ To Combat Climate Change(Guess who’s voting for Bernie):“Al Gore is standing to rake in $millions from a World Resources Institute meat consumption reduction report, one that will certainly help boost profits for the meat substitute manufacturers – in which Gore just happens to be a big stakeholder! Gore, partner and advisor to Kleiner Perkins, Beyond Meat’s big investor, stands to haul in $millions, should governments move to restrict real meat consumption” (Or institute an onerous meat tax!) Climate Hustler, Partner At ‘Beyond Meat’ Largest Investor, Al Gore Moves To Profit Big From Anti-Meat DriveBut Gore is small potatoes compared to others hoping to rake in $trillions, who are also fervently pushing the CAGW agenda, albeit behind the scenes of course:“A key player in the linking of world financial institutions with the Green Agenda is outgoing Bank of England head Mark Carney. In December 2015, the [globalist] Bank for International Settlements’ Financial Stability Board (FSB), chaired then by Carney, created the Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosure (TCFD), to advise ‘investors, lenders and insurance about climate related risks.’ That was certainly a bizarre focus for world central bankers.“In 2016 the TCFD along with the City of London Corporation [the financial center of England] and the UK Government initiated the Green Finance Initiative, aiming to channel trillions of dollars to ‘green’ investments. The central bankers of the FSB nominated 31 people to form the TCFD. Chaired by billionaire Michael Bloomberg [2020 candidate for the US democratic presidential primary], it includes key people from JP MorganChase; from BlackRock–one of the world’s biggest asset managers with almost $7 trillion; Barclays Bank; HSBC, the London-Hong Kong bank repeatedly fined for laundering drug and other black funds; Swiss Re, the world’s second largest reinsurance; China’s ICBC bank; Tata Steel, ENI oil, Dow Chemical, mining giant BHP Billington and David Blood of Al Gore’s Generation Investment LLC. In effect it seems the foxes are writing the rules for the new Green Hen House.“Bank of England’s Carney was also a key actor in efforts to make the City of London into the financial center of global Green Finance. The outgoing UK Chancellor of the Exchequer, Philip Hammond, in July 2019 released a White Paper, ‘Green Finance Strategy: Transforming Finance for a Greener Future.’ The paper states, ‘One of the most influential initiatives to emerge is the Financial Stability Board’s private sector Task Force on Climate-related Financial Disclosures (TCFD), supported by Mark Carney and chaired by Michael Bloomberg. This has been endorsed by institutions representing $118 trillion of assets globally.’ There seems to be a plan here. The plan is the financialization of the entire world economy using fear of an end of world scenario to reach arbitrary aims such as ‘net-zero greenhouse gas emissions.’“The links between the world’s largest financial groups, central banks and global corporations to the current push for a radical climate strategy to abandon the fossil fuel economy in favor of a vague, unexplained Green economy, it seems, is less about genuine concern to make our planet a clean and healthy environment to live. Rather it is an agenda, intimately tied to the UN Agenda 2030 for ‘sustainable’ economy, and to developing literally trillions of dollars in new wealth for the global banks and financial giants who constitute the real powers that be.“In February 2019 following a speech to the EU Commission in Brussels by Greta Thunberg, then-EU Commission President Jean-Claude Juncker, after gallantly kissing Greta’s hand, appeared to be moved to real action. He told Greta and the press that the EU should spend hundreds of billions of euros combating climate change during the next 10 years. Juncker proposed that between 2021 to 2027, ‘every fourth euro spent within the EU budget go toward action to mitigate climate change.’ What the sly Juncker did not say was that the decision had nothing to do with the young Swedish activist’s plea. It had been made in conjunction with the World Bank a full year before in September 26, 2018 at the One Planet Summit, along with the World Bank, Bloomberg Foundations, the World Economic Forum and others. Juncker had cleverly used the media attention given the young Swede to promote his climate agenda.“On October 17, 2018, days following the EU agreement at the One Planet Summit, Juncker’s EU signed a Memorandum of Understanding with Breakthrough Energy-Europe in which member corporations of Breakthrough Energy-Europe will have preferential access to any funding.“The members of Breakthrough Energy include Virgin Air’s Richard Branson, Bill Gates, Alibaba’s Jack Ma, Facebook’s Mark Zuckerberg, HRH Prince Al-waleed bin Talal, Bridgewater Associates’ Ray Dalio; Julian Robertson of hedge fund giant, Tiger Management; David Rubenstein, founder Carlyle Group; George Soros, Chairman Soros Fund Management LLC; Masayoshi Son, founder Softbank, Japan.“Make no mistake. When the most influential multinational corporations, the world’s largest institutional investors including BlackRock and Goldman Sachs, the UN, the World Bank, the Bank of England and other central banks of the BIS line up behind the financing of a so-called green Agenda, call it Green New Deal or what, it is time to look behind the surface of public climate activist campaigns to the actual agenda. The picture that emerges is the attempted financial reorganization of the world economy using climate, something the sun and its energy have orders of magnitude more to do with than mankind ever could—to try to convince us ordinary folk to make untold sacrifice to ‘save our planet.’” [while making themselves richer than God!] https://www.globalresearch.ca/climate-money-trail/5690209Yes, there are many climate scientists who are very outspoken about CAGW, such as James Hansen and Michael Mann. But the real power behind the “green agenda” lies in the UN, politicians, wealthy elitists, investors and bankers, radical environmentalists, globalists and socialists. It’s a reprehensible and sinister money-making plot and scam on the entire world’s population. But feel free to obey and hand over your financial assets and constantly increasing tax payments to these greedy charlatans and mendacious politicians.