W 9 Form Indiana: Fill & Download for Free

If you really need it send them a W-9.

Neither.Originally the movie business was influenced by studio and genre, then it was directors and now the goal (seems to be) to produce franchises. (either from scratch or from popular source material)A great book on the rise of the director/auteur is "Easy Riders and Raging Bulls" [1}.It follows the rise of the movie business from being driven by studios to directors.Movies Business as Studio BusinessAt first, the film business was studio business. This was because of the large capital investment involved in making a film and the amount of organization involved in putting on a production required a lot of direction from the top down. You had lights, stages, and all the other technological goodies involved in making pictures. And you had a ton of people on set doing a lot of different jobs and it is was a very expensive thing to make a movie. And so the solution was to make films w/ a built in audience which could generate a (somewhat) reliable cashflow -- the studios began to make films which fell into a specific genres. And they hoped that their portfolio of films would garner as much broad appeal as possible. [2]Those genres were:WesternsGangster MoviesSkrewball ComediesMusicalsand, MelodramasSo the films made each year were those which could predictably add value as part of a portfolio of genres. This strategy allowed the capital-intensive business of filmmaking to be slightly more predictable in terms of market and cashflow.Star Power in the Studio SystemOf course there were "actors", but I don't think the films were necessarily vehicles for particular "stars" or whatever. Actors were contract players, and so couldn't move independently from studio to studio making whatever film they would want. This would imply (to me) that there was a very limited amount of freedom in what films an actor was in (partially b/c the supply of actors was high, and the demand for an actor was a function of the type of film the studio was making and whether they fit that type.) And so actor's roles' were those of genre cogs in the giant wheels of the studio system. e.g., If you looked like a gangster, you played gangster; if you looked like a cowboy, you were in westerns.; if you looked like an all-american boy or girl, you were playing the quarterback/cheerleader.Actors were contracted and type-casted. Their role was not one of artistic expression but instead a warm body to fill a particular type of role.Then,The audience changed (60s-70s/Rock and Roll/Drug Culture)The cost to make a movie dropped. (Location shooting rather than studio set shooting/Super 8 Cameras/Independent Financing)Particular stars began to garner real attention for their skill as actors and not just as faces (Warren Betty, Jack Nicholson, Dustin Hoffman, Al Pacino)And the Director moved from a role as a manager and steward of the studios' vision (as a pseudo-producer) and instead became a tastemaker and auteur. With the grant to pursue their own artistic vision and style. (Francis Ford Coppola, Martin Scorcese)The result were Directors making the films they wanted to.Blockbusters and the Director as a Vehicle for ProfitsThen a strange thing happened. These films that director's made started making serious money. (And so they were given even more freedom to pursue their vison).I think a TON of credit is due to both George Lucas and Steven Spielburg. I imagine the net investment in directors (b/c of their success) is staggering.Top 10 Grossing Films of the 70s [3]:Star Wars (1977)Jaws (1975)The Exorcist (1973)Grease (1978)The Sting (1973)National Lampoon's Animal House (1978)The Godfather (1972)Superman (1978)Close Encounters of the Third Kind (1977/80)Smokey and the Bandit (1977)Blazing Saddles (1974)Rocky (1976)The Towering Inferno (1974)The Rocky Horror Picture Show (1975)Kramer vs. Kramer (1979)I imagine that any film enthusiast can name at least half the directors here.Top 10 Grossing Films of the 80s [3]:E.T.: The Extra-Terrestrial (1982)Star Wars: Episode VI - Return of the Jedi (1983)Star Wars: Episode V - The Empire Strikes Back (1980)Batman (1989)Raiders of the Lost Ark (1981)Ghostbusters (1984)Beverly Hills Cop (1984)Back to the Future (1985)Indiana Jones and the Last Crusade (1989)Indiana Jones and the Temple of Doom (1984)Same w/ these.The rise of the Franchise:In the above we start to see something interesting happen between the 70s and 80s. The rise of the franchise. I can't speak on any specifics on why we went from being focused on directors to franchises; but, I imagine that it is the same rationality that inspired the widespread production of genre films before (in addition to the merchandising success of Lucas' Star Wars) You can easily predict your market You can make the movies for cheaper as you make them (Experience Curve anybody? [4]) AND, you aren't just selling movies. You are selling posters, t-shirts, and action figures.(Now look at the top 25 grossing films of all time. And it's pretty clear that the franchise model has been successful (economically) for the movie business. Btw, I look at pixar movies as a franchise, as the audience's relationship w/ the films' are built-in based upon the studio's exquisite reputation. You see the next pixar movie; not the next fish movie, Pete Docter directed, or Patton Oswalled-voiced movie)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_highest-grossing_films[1] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easy_Riders,_Raging_Bulls[2] http://www.fathom.com/course/10701053/session3.html[3] http://www.filmsite.org/boxoffice2.html[4] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experience_curve_effects

Right now, as you may have heard, the Midwestern United States is facing record-breaking cold temperatures. Yesterday (i.e. Wednesday, January 30, 2019), the high for the city of Bloomington, Indiana, where I currently live, was 6° Fahrenheit (-14° Celsius) and the low was -9° Fahrenheit (-23° Celsius). That is without taking wind chill into consideration. In my hometown of Kokomo, Indiana, where I grew up and where my family lives, it was even colder; the high was -2° Fahrenheit (-19° Celsius) and the low was -16° Fahrenheit (-27° Celsius).If you have never been outside in those kinds of temperatures, you do not know the meaning of the word “cold.” These are the temperatures where, when you walk outside, the cold instantly stings your face like a thousand tiny pinpricks piercing at your skin. It is so cold you can feel the heat being instantly sucked out of your nostrils as soon as you step outside and you can feel the tiny hairs deep within your nose freezing. You obviously have to wear not only a thick winter coat, but also at least one sweater underneath. In spite of all this, the bitter cold still cuts through all your layers like they are nothing.ABOVE: Photograph from The New York Times illustrating the sub-zero weather facing the MidwestWithin seconds, your nose and fingers start to go numb from the cold, even if you have gloves on. Standing outside for as short as merely five to fifteen minutes is long enough for your nose and hands to become frostbitten. After being outside for as little as thirty minutes, hypothermia can start to set in, even if you are wearing a full coat, hat, and gloves. It is so cold that the latches on certain doors can stop working and cars often have troubles starting.The irony is that Indiana is actually almost exactly the same latitude as European countries like Spain, Italy, and Greece. Naples, Italy is located at 40.8518° N, 14.2681° E. Madrid, Spain is located at 40.4168° N, 3.7038° W. Thessaloniki, Greece is located at 40.6401° N, 22.9444° E. Bloomington, Indiana, however, is located at 39.1653° N, 86.5264° W.That means that I am actually currently south of Naples, Madrid, and Thessaloniki—and by more than a full degree in all three cases!In case you are having troubles believing me, here is a crude map I was able to create to illustrate the relative longitudes. Unfortunately, some of the labels ended up overlapping and I could not figure out how to fix them, but I think it still conveys the meaning I intended for it to:Yet, in spite of this, the temperatures yesterday in Madrid, Naples, and Thessaloniki were all in the forties on the Fahrenheit scale, but temperatures here in Bloomington reached nearly ten degrees below zero.The main reason why southern Europe does not get nearly as cold as the Midwest in January is because of the Gulf Stream, which carries warm air up from the Caribbean and warms the European continent.