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ticket to rewarding careers, and sometimes a handsome paycheck. But before you enter the field as a professional engineer, some serious studying, a few late nights, and a few tips to get you through your first year are in order.Tip #1: Take good notes, and keep them all after your classes are over.Engineering textbooks can be dense, but endure through the tedium. Do your reading – all of it – and keep a highlighter and page markers handy. After the class is over, keep your most useful and well-written textbooks as reference. Your notes, annotations, and highlighting will be invaluable later on. You may even want to keep a “Rules of Thumb” notebook, allowing you quick access to your most-used formulas.Tip #2: Get to know your professors.Develop a relationship with your professors so you feel comfortable approaching them and asking for help. Get to know one or two key professors particularly well, and turn to them for help with your homework, insight into the industry, and even job or program referencesTip #3: Ask questions, both in class and out.Your professors want you to learn. But if the only thing you ever ask is, “Will this be on the test?” then you are not taking advantage of their knowledge or willingness to help. Ask for additional examples to clarify difficult equations and concepts. More often than not, your fellow students will thank you for speaking up, and your professor will appreciate your active investment in the material.Tip #4: Try to solve a problem before asking for help.No one wants to do your homework for you. You’ll be more likely to get help if you’ve already begun the effort. Even if you’re totally lost, make a legitimate, prolonged effort to solve a problem before asking for help. When you do seek help, be prepared to discuss what you tried already, and bring your scratch paper showing your attempts.Tip #5: Form a study group.Working alone can get exasperating if you find yourself stuck on a problem. Working with others will not only introduce other viewpoints to approaching a problem, it will also provide encouragement and camaraderie in the face of frustration.Tip #6: Teach someone else.One of the most effective ways of ensuring you understand something is by explaining it to someone else. Before you move past a subject, make sure you not only answered the question but also can replicate and explain the process. Each new subject and concept will build on the last, so don’t move on until you’ve mastered each new idea.Tip #7: Diversify your engineering classes.Take classes in all sorts of engineering, even if they are not your concentration. Understanding not only the subject matter, but also how other types of engineers approach and solve problems, will lend insight into your own field, from biomedical to mechatronics and robotics to chemical to environmental engineering and beyond.Tip #8: Take classes outside engineering, particularly design classes.The most successful engineers are insatiable learners, so seek to broaden your skill set generally. A design class can teach you how to represent information visually and how to talk about an idea from a big picture perspective. A writing class can hone your skills for communicating your ideas to others. A business class can prepare you for organizational tasks and leadership roles later in your career.Tip #9: Hone your communications skills, including conversation, writing, and presentation.The best and most innovative ideas in the world have no hope of growing past the drawing board if you are unable to communicate them effectively. And today, most technical communication between team members and leadership happens over email, which is a form of writing. Learn to present an argument simply and without agenda, and always read your emails through once or twice before sending.Tip #10: Learn another language.Engineering knows no political or cultural borders; engineers are in demand everywhere in the world. Increase your worth by becoming proficient in another language, and don’t be afraid to think of your career on a global level. Want to build bridges in China? You should learn Mandarin.Tip #11: Build your portfolio.Participate in as many hands-on projects as possible, especially those outside the classroom. Future employers look for both coursework and relevant experience, and a well-organized and articulate portfolio will be invaluable during your job search. Your practical project experience will also reinforce the “in theory” knowledge you gain in class.Tip #12: Get a summer internship.One of the best portfolio buildings blocks is the summer internship. Internships do more than build your resume; they demonstrate to potential employers that you can commit to a long-term role and work as part of a team. As a student, it is never too early to start your electrical engineering career.Tip #13: Build your network.Do not wait until you need a job to start building professional relationships. In addition to getting to know your professors and peers, attend extracurricular lectures, workshops, and networking events, and get to know as many people working or studying in your field as possible. Take a genuine interest in the work of others, ask lots of questions, and don’t be afraid to seek guidance or advice from those of advanced experience. They were once neophyte engineers too!Tip #14: Scour the resources of professional engineering associations and companies.Professional engineering associations, such as the National Society of Professional Engineers, are an invaluable resource for jobs, advice, and networking. Identify organizations that share your values and interests, and make as many contacts as possible.Tip #15: Skip the honors class.In the engineering field, your GPA matters. If you struggle in calculus, don’t kill yourself in Honors Calc; take the easier class, learn the material thoroughly, and take the higher grade.Tip #16: Learn when to lead and when to back down.Engineers often work in teams, and every team has one or more leaders. You should feel comfortable in both leading and following the directions of others. Hone your leadership skills and learn how to effectively influence group decisions, but recognize when your contribution should be to take orders and follow direction.Tip #17: Work on the problem before the team meets.The best results occur when a group discusses ideas that have already been fleshed out by individual members. Learn to do your own work and self-motivate. Always arrive at the team meeting with ideas in mind.Tip #18: Be a perfectionist.In the words of one engineer, “In the working engineer world, a 99% correct product can cost millions of dollars in damages.” Adopt the mindset of practicing something until it is perfect, as opposed to going as quickly as possible and settling for a B. When your work is 100%, even if it is slower, it is valuable.Tip #19: Identify your inspiration.What made you decide to study engineering? Who do you look up to in your chosen field? Learn about how individuals and companies have sought and found success, and replicate their behaviors.Tip #20: Take heart and persevere.Engineering is a difficult course of study for everyone, no matter their IQ or test scores. Frustration can lead to feeling like an imposter. Every future engineer has struggled through seemingly impossible problem sets, cranky professors, and gut-wrenching exams. In the face of inevitable small failures, recognize that you are challenging yourself like never before, and push on through the difficult experiences.I hope these tips may be useful..

Note : Dear All, Many Karalites feel they repect Tamils. My answers here is a common Tamil man’s view. My answer here is a common opinion and I am not intended to hurt anyone. I too have good friends in Kerala About Kerala.. 1. . “God’s Own Country. Devil’s own people” 1. Most keralites think they are above Tamil people and show their EGO.. So the basic attitude fails. 2. Keralites live in chennai for employement, they form groups and dominate Tamils in Tamilnadu. 3. Many Say the then MG Ramachandran ex CM of tamilnadu who himself is a Malayalee opened the Gates for Huge employemet for Kerala unemployed youth in Tamilnadu. 4. Ironically the southern Railway Tambaram section engine drivers most of them are malayalee christians. Whereas talented Tamil Diploma/ ITI boys are jobless. There are large number of malayalee Christians live in southern suburbs, they live as a group, and try to overpower the neighboring Tamils.They quarrel with Tamils for petty issues. 5.The children of Malaylees occupy seats in Engineering/ Medical colleges wheras Tamil students dont get seats. 6. Kerala has abundant natural resource . Heavy rainfall and low cultivation area makes all rain water dumped in arabian sea. They get Agricultural commodities from TN. 100 years back British Engineer John Pennycuick has constructed the Mullai periyar dam and diverted the surpless water to Tamilnadu. He sold his grandfather’s property on England and spent money to construct the Dam. Theni district people who benifited are worship him as God. But today's Kerala people and government want to demolish the dam saying it is weeker.But actually dam is very strong.They don't want water to give tamilnadu.John Pennycuick: The man who built the Mullaiperiyar damThat is why there is a proverb called Kerala is gods own country. But devil's own people.About TAMIL NADU : 1. Tamil People respect keralites. 2. But when they get an Employment in Kerala, they will be cornered and thrown out of positions. Conclusion : Kerala has huge man power . Bur cannot come up because of “Attitude Problem”. They dont respect Tamils, But they work like slaves under Japanese, I saw in the world’s largest construction company Mitsui, Japan. These are all My experiences and common opinion. I too have good friends in Kerala. My Intention is no to hurt anyone. Kerala is the best .except the people.Tamil people don't know whome the administrative power to be given. The low income and illiterate peoples votes decide who is the CM. The DMK and ADMK don't even constructed single dam for the past 50 years. Kamarajar did 100 years plan in 09 years of his term. Many public sector undertakings like NLC , BHEL, ICF rail coach, etc. But people forgot him and elected the Dravidien partys.Result government earn crores of money on liquor business. People maintain low profileAnd most Tamil common man fails in civic sense. We spoil all the precious lakes . We donot appreciate good politicians like Kamarajar. Tamil people are behind useless cinema actors and the DMK and ADMK. They cannot bring one common good person as their leader in the past 50 years. Because Common Tamil attitude is very selfish.

(Take my answer with a grain of salt)This is a very interesting and good question.From my knowledge, the short answer is since March-1944 when the RAF and USAAF incorporated long-range fighter escorts into their strategic bombing missions.Overview of the situation prior to the introduction of long-range escort fightersDuring WW2, the British RAF and the USAAF conducted massive round-the-clock strategic bombing campaign against Germany. The RAF conducted indiscriminate carpet bombing at night against German cities. The USAAF conducted precision bombing raids against strategically vital targets such as factories producing armaments, ball-bearing, and munitions for the Wehrmacht.In response to the destructive bombing raids, the Luftwaffe redeployed large number of flak units and fighter squadrons from the Eastern Front to Germany. Luftwaffe generals created a sophisticated air defense system that integrated radars, fighters flaks and searchlights that would inflict heavy losses on Allied bomber forces.Both the RAF and USAAF suffered appalling casualties. In particularly, the USAAF bomber force not only yielded absolutely dismal result but also suffered appalling losses in the strategic bombing campaign. The accuracy of the widely vaunted Norden bombsight was much exaggerated as most bombs landed far away from the intended targets. Not only that, the Luftwaffe resisted with astonishing ferocity and ingenuity, inflicting heavy losses on the USAAF. Case in point,The raid on Kiel on 14th May 1943 claimed 8, damaged 36 out of 126 bombers deployed.The raids on Kiel and Bremen on 13th June 1943 claimed 26, damaged 54 out of a total of 182 deployed.The raid on Ochersleben on 28th July 1943 claimed 16, damaged 64 out of 120 deployed.On 14th October 1943, 60 bombers were shot down, 138 were damaged to various extent out of a total of 229 bombers dispatched.A USAAF report accurately encapsulated the superb performance of the Luftwaffe:Wave after wave of fighters attacked. Usually a screen of single-engine fighters would fly in from in front, firing normal 20-mm cannon and machine-guns until very close to the formation. Closely following the single-engine fighters, large formations of twin-engine fighters appeared in waves, each firing large numbers of rockets from projectors carried under the wings.... Meanwhile, the single-engine fighters refueled and attacked from all directions. Soon they were followed by re-formed groups of twin-engine rocket carriers. After expending their rockets, these twin-engine fighters frequently came in firing cannon and machine guns. The enemy aircraft concentrated on one formation at a time, breaking it up with rocket attacks ... and then finishing off cripples with gunfire. One combat wing of the 1st Bombardment Division, which bore the brunt of the counterattack, was almost completely wiped out by these tactics.The incredible efficacy of German fighter tactics refuted American bomber champions’ erroneous and long-cherished conviction that bombers were capable of defending themselves. Specifically, they believed that heavy long-range bombers (B-17 and B-24) that were to:bristle with many defensive machine gunsfly in close proximity in a massive box formation that would provide mutual fire support against German fightersIt was believed that such a self-defending bomber formation would obviate the need for fighter escort AND get through German air defense, drop their bombs and return home unscathed.Unfortunately for them, the resourceful Germans had figure out a way to defeat the tight-box bomber formation. By employing deadly firepower and tactics, the more nimble German fighters easily decimated the lumbering American bombers.Realizing the falsity of their assumption, the Allied strategic bombing chiefs sought to overcome the fundamental operational problem:How to defend the slow bombers against fast German fighters?This was a difficult problem because the Supermarine Spitfire and P-47, while formidable and were matches for the Bf-109 and Fw-190, were not long-range. (don’t be misled by the range in the specifications in the wiki articles because in actuality, aircraft burned fuel during warmup meaning that they did not have full tanks to cover the range on paper. Also, during aerial combats, they burned more fuel than normal conditions which further reduced their range). Hence, they could only accompany the bombers for a limited duration and then had to return to bases in Britain. This was not a problem if the bombers attacked German targets close within range of the Spitfire and P-47. But it was a serious problem when the bombers flew deeper into German airspace wherein the bombers would be left to fend for themselves. German fighter pilots quickly learned, much to their delight that they could simply wait until fighter escorts turned back after which they would attack the unescorted bombers.Allied air chiefs were then confronted by an age-old operational problem: providing escort. This was the exact problem that they faced in the battle of the Atlantic against German U-boats. The reason why Allied shipping losses were so great in 1943 was due to the inadequate number of escorts, lack of ASW technologies needed to counter the U-boat AND more importantly, inadequate number of long-range patrol aircraft. Knowing that, German U-boat skippers simply waited to ambush Allied shipping in the Atlantic gap - the sea and air space in which Allied aircraft could not reach. When the USN and RN deployed escorted carriers and increased the number of escorts for convoys, German U-boats could no longer attack convoys with impunity as they used to and lost the battle of the Atlantic.Hence, the solution for the dilemma confronting Allies’s strategic bombing campaign was to develop and deploy a new fighter that was not only superior to every German fighters but also had the long range to escort the bombers. Fortunately for them, in Mid 1944, they got what they were looking for: the P-51 and the P-38.Both these fighters, equipped with drop tanks that considerably extended their range, could now accompany the lumbering bombers all the way to Berlin and back.(Image source: Engineers of Victory)The Luftwaffe lost air superiorityAllied air commanders knew that air superiority could only be achieved when the Luftwaffe fighter force was crippled. The strategic solution was simple: by attacking strategically valuable assets, the Allies would compel the Luftwaffe to respond by dispatching fighters to intercept. Allied escort fighters would engage and in the process down as many German fighters as possible.With the P-38s and P-51s escorting B-17s and B-24s, German fighters could no longer attack the bombers with near impunity as they used to. The agile P-51 was a formidable adversary for the Fw-190 and Bf-109; and the well-trained Allied fighter pilots proved worthy opponents for many German fighter pilots who became easy aces against less well-trained Soviet pilots on the Eastern Front.It worked. German fighter pilots fought valiantly and skillfully against their Allied counterparts. But the intense and incessant aerial combats gradually decimated Luftwaffe fighter force by claiming many veteran German fighter pilots as shown in the table below:(Image source: Engineers of Victory)The losses of veteran and capable German fighter pilots was one of the critical factors in the destruction of Luftwaffe fighter force AND the consequential loss of air superiority. Their losses were irreplaceable. The situation was compounded by late-war severe shortage of aviation fuel and experienced instructors (due to the reluctance to rotate combat pilots out of operation). Consequently, Luftwaffe fighter training schools could only produce inadequately trained fighter pilots who were no match for the better-trained Allied pilots. Although the Allies suffered heavy losses of airmen, they always had a steady flow of replacement pilots who were well-trained thanks to abundant fuel and regularly rotated veteran pilots.In the end, high attrition claimed the lives of many outstanding German fighter pilots. The Luftwaffe fighter force ceased to be an effective fighting force. Thousands of German fighter aircraft would continue rolling out of factories. But lacking pilots and fuel, they were doomed to sit idle and unable to rise to combat waves after waves of Allied bombers and their escorts.The Allies had secured air superiority. It was telling that on 6th June 1944 (D-day), nearly 12,000 Allied aircraft of all kinds were airborne. By contrast, the Luftwaffe’s 3rd Air fleet had only 170 operational fighters to cover all of Western Europe. In the face of this massive disparity, there was nothing the Luftwaffe could do except accept defeat, even if they still had had hundreds of fighter aces.Other factorsIt is short-sighted and facile to attribute Allies’s command of the air to any one factor like long-range fighters. The truth is that there were many more factors working in concerts to achieve air superiority for the Allies.The round-the-clock bombing strategy played a significant role. By bombing Germany day and night, the Allies gave the Germans no respite during which they could rest, rebuild and reorganize.By attacking industrial targets during the day (by the USAAF) and by indiscriminately bombing German cities at night (by the RAF), the Allies created more difficulties for the Germans. They were confronted with the strategic problem:Where should resources be concentrated for AA defense? Around industrial targets or around cities?Had the Germans had as much resources as the Allies had, they wouldn’t have had to think about that problem. But, they had only finite resources to allocate for AA defense. So by attacking two different targets, the Allies strained German resources.As a side note, the Allies’ strategic bombing campaign indirectly helped the Soviets in the Eastern Front. In responding to Allies air raids, the Luftwaffe was forced to redeploy many AA battalions and fighter squadrons from the Eastern Front to Germany. It was estimated that about 10,000 AA guns plus 500,000 men were redeployed for the AA defense of the Reich. That massive amount of resources + manpower could have helped the Wehrmacht maintain air superiority on the Eastern Front.As equally crucial as the losses of German fighter pilots was the heavy damage done to German aircraft industry and fuel production system. Despite the heavy losses they suffered, Allies bombers did do considerable damage to German factories producing engines, airframe. The attack on the oil field in Romania and synthetic fuel production facilities deprived the Luftwaffe of vital fuel for their machines.Reference(s)1/ Engineers of Victory: The Problem Solvers Who Turned the Tide in the Second World War - Paul Kennedy (an OK book that contains some valuable information)