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What are the highlights of India's Union Budget 2016-17 presented on 29-Feb-16?

Economy: FactsFrom 7.2 to 7.6% GDP growth rate —GVA Growth Rate: from 7.1 to 7.3% ;Average Exchange rate: 65.03 ;IIP Growth: from 2.6% to 3.1%Agriculture GDP growth rate: -0.2 to 1.1Manufacturing GDP growth rate: 5.5% to 9.5%Fiscal Deficit: 4 to 3.9Fiscal Deficit target for FY’16-17 is 3.5 — thus union stick to its roadmap of Fiscal ConsolidationElectricity Generation growth: 8.4% to 4.5%CPI Inflation: 6.1 to 4.8%Revenue Deficit Target: 2.5%Committee to provide recommendation for reform FRBM ActRevenue Forgone ? it is revenue loss due to exemptions like benefits in SEZ's11% increase in Defence expense. 2.4% of the GDP. If inflation is included real hike is only 6.2%RBI which met its inflation target of 6% in Jan’16 has set its target of 5% for Mar’17.9 Pillars of the Budget:Agri Culture & Farmer Sector with emphasis on doubling farmers income in next 5 yearsRural SectorSocial Sector Including health care to cover all the under welfare and health servicesEducational Skills and Job creation to make India a knowledge based and productive societyInfrastructure and Investment to enhance quality of lifeFinancial Sector Reforms to bring transparency and stabilityGovernance & Ease of doing business to realise people their full potentialFiscal Discipline and Prudent management of government financesTax Reforms to Reduce Compliance BurdenAgriculture: 36 k crorePradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana: 60% by Centre total is 20 k crore in FYNational Diaster Relief: interest subventionPM Fasal Bima Yojana: 5500 crPulses ProcurementFocus on Drought Distress Area & on Irrigation Infra4 New Dairy Project:E-PrashudhanPashudhan SanjivaniAdvanced breeding Technology:National Genomic Centre for Indigenous Breeds90% of the honey is exportedPromotion Organic Farming:PKVY: 5 lakh hectare areaOrganic Value Chain Development Centre in NE-RegionFocus on Credit Flow/ soil fertilityOnline procurement by FCIFarmers r countries food securitydouble the income of farmer by 2020141 million hector are only 46%28.8 lakh hectare under PMKSY + other scheme = 8 mn hectareNABARD to have 20k crore (Long term Irrigation fund)Sustainable mgmt for Ground Water mgmtPonds & Tank under MGNREGAUrban waste to compost under Swacch BHaratMArket:Unified Agriculture Market (e-platform)12 states ratified APMC ActRural Economy:Panchayat & Urban local bodies to get more funds by devolution.Drought and Rural under Deendayal SHG'sCluster approach under MGNREGAPMKSYShyama PrasadRural Electrification: 100% electrification by 1st May’2018Deendayal Udadhaya Rural Electrification MissionIntegrated GridSocial Service:Aadhar will get legilative back by passing an act and Aadhar will not confer any right of citizenship or domicile.Stand Up India scheme for Women & SC/ST entrepreneur Rs. 500 crore for SC/ST entrepreneursNational SC/ST hub under MoMSMSE to provide professional traningEmployment to 4 crore people under MUDRA by 2016Focused SubsidyWomen to be provided LPG to overcome Chulah CookingPM Mudra Yojana: more fundsMore ATM, micro ATM’s, ATM in Post-office.Aadhar number Social Security InfraDBT on pilot base for FertiliserFair Price Shops to be automatedEk Bharat Shresta BharatPension:At the time of withdrawal, 60% of the funds would be taxable, (Pension Funds under EPF, Provident Fund and NPS). Only on the funds deposited after 1st april’16. Exempting few who are earning below certain amount. (amt not yet certained)Thus Boost for NPSEarlier Tax product was choosen on basis of tax but now Efficiency & returns will be the parameter.EEE model to EET ie. EETaxable modelEducation & Skill development: 3.9% of GDPNational Education Mission to focus on Quality education62 new Navodaya VidayalaHigher Education Fund (an Non-Profit Organistion) to provide loans for educationPM Kausal Vikas Yojana — 1500 skill centre across countryto train 1 crore students in 3 yearsIncentives creation of new job in organised sector:8% to EPFO contribution for 1st 3 yearsNational Career Service: to be interlink withRetail Trade is largest employment provider in Service sectorDigital Literacy Scheme for Rural India10 public and 10 private educational centre to be made world classHealth: 4% of gdpCigrratte & Wine costilierHelath Protection Scheme — 1 lakh per familyQuality medicinesDialasis Centre — National Dialysis Service under PPP mode in each districtPM Ayushadhi Yojana : 3000 drug store to be openedInfrastructure: 2.12 lakh crore (excluding railways)Transport:Roadways: (55k crore + 15k crore by NHAI (by bonds) + 19k crore for PMGSY= 97k croreState Transport: To review this sector: Private Sector for New technology, credit, environmental friendly, employment generation: e-rickshaw. Bio-CNG and Ethanol.Passenger Traffic on road improvedabolition of permit-raj will be medium term goalMotor Vehicle Act to be amended to allow entrepreneurFOr Delhi roads: 90 crore Central Road Funds85% of the stalled road project back on trackWaterways:Major Ports: Sagarmala ProjectMore greenfield portsAirways: 160 airports and airstrips to me upgraded by investing Rs. 1 billion in each in tier 2 citiesRailways: 2.18 lakh croreHousing:House for All, 2022Dispute Resolution in PPPOil and Gas:Gas production from deep sea, ultra deep water to be incentivisedPower sector:Private Sector:More initiatives were expected for infrastructure particularly on implementation of Kelkar Committee recommendation to revive private investmentCredit Rating System for funding infrastructure projectsFDI:49% in insurance(with indian management & govt approval{FIPB}) and pension100% FDI in through FIPB for Food Processing Industries in India. 100% in ARC15% in stock exchange on par with domestic instt. — to enhance competitiveness 7 adopt best practice49% for FPI in listed CPSE’s except banks and areas governed by financial sector regulator — this will obviate the need of govt approval.Centre -State Investment Agreementinline with union Cooperative & Competitive Federalism and to insure effective implementation of Bilateral Investment TreatiesState opting to ink this pact with Centre will be seen as more attractive destination by foreign investorsIndia’s Model BIT Text bought in Dec’15 will be used as template for negotiations with coountries.aimed at protecting govt interest & securing their policy spaceIndia has BIT with 83 countries of which 72 are operational.PSU DIsinvestment:CPCE’s Divest individual assets to invest in new projectsThe DIPAM (related to disinvestment firm)National Investment and Infrastructure Fund for funding investments in another disappointment.Financial Sector Reforms to bring transparency and stabilityFiscal Discipline and Prudent management of government financesBanking Reforms:RBI Act, 1934 to be amended to provide for Monetary Policy Framework/Committeeto increase transparency & accountability of framing monetary policy6 member body : 3 from RBI including governor & deputy governor incharge of Monetary Pollicy Framework.Bank Board Bureau to be operational with which govt will stop involving in top management & board level appointment. Vinod Rai to head BBB.4 member BBB is independent of govt as well as RBI.BBB was proposed by P.J Nayak Committee(which was set up by RBI)Roadmap for consolidation of PSBs — lead to banks with bigger balance-sheet which is required to finance the large infrastructure.Paring stake in IDBI < 50% — mean that bank is par with private sector which could increase efficiency.100% FDI in ARC through automatic route — this is required to absorb the surge in bad loans.Listing of General Insurance Companies — will bring transparency through IPOBankruptcy:Amendment under SARFESI Act to make ARCDebt Recovery Tribunal to be strenthgthened & IT enabled for better resolution.Financial Data management CentreRe-Banking the PSBIndradhanush — Rs. 25k crore capital infusion in PSBs (though amt is short of required to overcome bad loans). The amt is same as was last year.While infusion was expected to go up since Q3Oct-Dec’FY15-16 Asset Quality Review of RBI has increased the bad loans substantially.Governance & Ease of doing business to realise people their full potentialIndustry:Presumtive Income of MSME 8% ie. MSME category increased from 1crore to 2 crore.Startups:100% deduction of profits allowed for 3 out of 5 years will boost start-ups setup in during April’16 to Mar’19. Minimum Alternative Tax will apply in each case.Ease of doing business has positive impact on start-upsIncentives for Stay In India — there will be no capital gains tax applicable if the funds so received are invested in a notified fund of funds by individuals in specific start-up10% tax on royalty income from patents developed and filed. — will encourage more innovationAadhaar will provide the link for Digital infrastructure b/w companies and public. It will help to reach masses quicker ad effectively.Amendment of Companies act for easier and swifter registration of companies.Issues:No tax reduction for Software product companiesConfusion over “Goods” and Service” Tax on online downloads and TDS on sale of s/w productsConfusion over definition of Digital Goods and Digital Services from taxation point of view.Foreign companies selling business to consumer products without any tax in India is another big challenge for India’s new-age firm.Push for Make In India:Boost for start-upResidency Status to Foreign Investors subject to certain riders.Currently they get 5 year business visa.1.8 k crore for scheme fro Investment Promotion and Amended Technology Upgradation Fund.Customs and Excise Duty structure Modified to incentives Domestic Value AdditionIncentivise employer to to recruit unemployed thus (from informal sector to organised sector) by paying 8.33% to EPFO for all new employees enrolling in EPFO for 1st 3 years of their employmentonly to those with salary upto Rs. 15 k/monthGST will also boost MIIRestoration of the the benefits of service tax exemption which was removed last year in several cases will help in bringing down the Building infrastructure costBanks merger is required to able them to fund large infrastructure projectsTax Reforms to Reduce Compliance BurdenDirect Tax:Tax incentives for Gold Monetisation scheme and Soverign Gold Bond Scheme(issued by RBI)interest and capital gains earned now to be exempted from Tax.On Individual earning >1 crore surcharge 15%; and ie. Ambani would have to pay 35.54% and TATA group only 33.22%.Tax rebate of 5000 under section 87A — If earning <5 lakh (increased from 2000 earlier)Rent Allowance tax deduction increased to 60000 from current 24k (under 80GG)Additional Tax deduction of 50 k available annually on account interest paid on housing loans. on house purchase of <=50 lakh and loan amt <=35 lakh. (this is in addition to 2 lakh already available)Corporate:Corporate Tax of 29% for small firms with 5 crore turnoverCorporate tax of 25% for New Manufacturing firms (promotes industrial activity)Exemption to be phased out slowly include: Accelerated Depreciation & Benefits on SEZs. Phasing out exemption will reduce litigationsCorporate Tax to be reduced slowly to 25% as benefits of exemption would be available to govt gradually.Implementation of Place of Effective Management (POEM) postponed and GAAR implementation scheduled for implementation, doing away with Retrospective taxes and measure to reduce litigation. These will make Indian companies globally competitive.Effective Tax Rate is 23% as against Statutory rate of 32-33% due to the exemptions. resulting revenue worth over Rs. 62000 crore being foregone.Direct Tax Dispute Resolution Scheme: it is only one time. to resolve cases emanating from Retrospective amendment of tax laws made in 2012.Aims at resolving cases pending under any court or tribunal, arbitration or meditation under BIPA. It will provide stable and predictable taxation regime.Under the existing law, companies are liable to pay Everything including Principal Tax + Interest + Penalty however Scheme propose to only pay Principal Tax. (interest & penalty can be waived off).Capital MArket:Dividened Distribution Tax: Individual or HIndu undivided family — 10% tax If earning on dividend > 10 lakh.Securities Transaction Tax: STT on Option Contract increased from 0.017 to 0.5%. STT on investment unchanged.Tax on Speculative trading increased.Indirect Tax:Service Tax not inc (same as 14.5% however few new cess Krishi Kalyan Cess of 0.5% on all taxable services. Will be levied June onwardsExcise duty on tobbacco product increased from 10 to 15%Clean Environmental Cess on coal, lignite and peat increased by Rs 200 per tonneCurbing Domestic Black Money:Voluntary Disclosure of Income Scheme: It provide 30% + 7.5% surcharge + 7.5% penalty = 45%Attractive proposition as virtually no interest payment involved.Penalty & surcharge on the current value of the asset declared. Window from 1 june to sep 30.Every amnesty scheme results in transfer of resources from the honest rich to the dishonest rich.Govt has huge power under Income Tax act, 1961 to tackle unaccounted income.FM says it is not amenesty scheme and only Remedies the flaw in VDIS,1997 as in 1997 penalty tax was not included

How do you handle a customer who lies and refuses to pay their final bill?

I assume that you have already gone through the basic procedures of telephoning the debtor for the money and making a note of the conversation and the grounds they are giving for non payment. With companies who have call centre approach to Credit Control (which I hate: being tied to a telephone “head set” brigade) it does have one advantage as usually these operations have interconnected data bases which means that whoever takes the call can open up the account and read the notes before.This is very useful as it gives you an outline of what the person has said before and the promises that are to be made. Also as most of these are in computer format; timed and dated, they can be printed off and should the matter go to Court be “Exhibited” to the Summons and Particularls of Claim. This makes your case stronger in Court.Although people aren’t very good at doing it these days, but putting things like agreements, particularly instalment arrangements in hard copy sent to the address (and these days that includes e-mails to the correct address, as these can be printed out-even better if you have a “hand-shake” (Receipt and opening flag to show the message was downloaded from the inbox and therefore reasonable evidence to show it was read).Again these and if a reply is sent agreeing to the instalment arrangement and signed that should be exhibited to the Summons and Particulars of Claim as well.By default by making promises and failing to comply with the undertaking is lying, but you never use the term in a Summons and Particulars of Claim. There are now two way around this depending on the size of the debt and the complexity. You can:Send a person direct to the property with correct identification to meet the person face to face. The only thing they can’t do is knock on a door before 07:00 and after (officially) 21:00, although you can “get away with 21:30),In the case of 1. get the person to give you a description of the person who met them and claimed to be the debtor or confirmed the debtor lives/ed there. At least if the person has “skipped” you know who you are looking for. This is helpful if you need to go to Court and engage a Court Bailiff. Also the person who has called on the debtor although not invited in to the property will be able to give a strong description of the state of the site and whether there appear to be goods of value,If it is a shop or business they are going to whether it appears busy, phones are ringing and the staff look happy. The latter may sound odd, but a happy company staff generally means that the company is not in dire straights although they may be worried, but not enough to walk out. Also look for items of value. Don’t assume that things like photocopies and printers belong to the company; they may be leased. Also there are restrictions on what you can remove from a company if it is going to impede their business. NB YOU HAVE NOT GOT A COUNTY COURT JUDGEMENT YET !See if you can negotiate a settlement and put it in a letter form of agreement, confirming your conversation. That makes a binding sub-contract if it is on your letter head with the details of the agreement signed by both of you. If they breach that you can then move to the next procedure.Providing you did supply the goods and services to order and in good conditions and you have a delivery note/notice of satisfaction of the quality of the goods, that is half a problem over as it is further evidence that the debt is acknowledged and by their own admission they have accepted the debt. It is due and payable.If they still not complied with payment or failed to make an offer of payment you are now going to close the contract and prepare for proceedings. You should have called the client at least twice or three times and set time for the payment to be received, if it has not arrived, it is breach of undertaking, You can not start legal action.You now draft a “Notice of Intent to Commence Proceedings”, which in round terms is a letter to the debtor outlining the contacts you have made and agreements which have been broken and the original breach of contract. Yoy can attach copies of the invoice(s) to that letter, just so they can’t give you one more excuse that they haven’t received them; particularly the notice of intent. Ideally send these by secure mail (in the UK Recorded or Special Delivery), so it has to be signed for.By sending it through secure maile and it being signed for you can confirm that the person lives there and also that the documents have been served. They have been given the 7 days notice of intent, and you have provided them with all the answers and disputes that they need, so there is no excuss now. They are clearly defautlting.In the UK you draft a Summons by using form N1. (Summons)Click on the link on ths reply if you are in the UK and that will provide you a downloadable Acrobat form N1, which you can fill in on line.You put your name address in the “Claimaint” boxThe name of the Court your are going to issue through (that is at the top of the form. Leave the Claim Number, the Court will allocate that for you.Fill in the name of the Defendant. If it is a Limited Company, the correct style as at Companies House; and if has a trading name e.g XYZ Limited, trading as “The Zoo”, followed by the Registered Office. This can be found at Companies House http://www.companies-house.gov.uk It will ask you for either the company name (and you can serarch using that - beware of companies with similar names, you don’t want to sue the wrong one -:) .Put the name of the Limited Company inthe Defendant Box of form N1 Part 7.So it will read XYZ Limited T/as the Z00 On the next line put R/o and then copy address the company is registered to, That may be a solicitor, but they have to accept service on behalf of the party the hold Office for,You then draft your particularly of Claim. You will note that there is a small box but that is rarely big enough. In the Particulars of Claim you list the nature of the agreement, its breaches and non delivery etc. and your claim. I provide an example below. ( I will have to copy form word as it will not accept an attachement)In The xyz County Court Claim No.christopher William Richards/ trading as The Credit Consultancy ClaimantAndXYZ Limited Trading as ABC DefendantThe Claim is in respect of non delivery of services to the Claimant.On or about the 20th October 2011, the claimant was approached by the Defendant to provide services including the supply of paper, consisting of five reams of 80gsm plain paper and 1 ream of 100gsm Hi-laid size A4On the 2nd November 2011, the Claimant received six boxes of 80gsm paper totalling 30 Reams, contrary to the order. It was acknowledged by the Claimant that there was a misunderstanding in the term box, and that it was only six boxes each containing one ream.The Defendant acknowledged the misunderstanding and recovered four boxes of 80gsm and supplying one box of Conqueror 100gsm Hi-laid paper. The four boxes were returned and replaced with the latter one ream of Conquerer, and an adjustment made. This is show on the statement supplied by the Defendant, but is not shown on the bank statement of the Claimant. The remaining four boxes were recovered and delivered back to the supplier via Robert Horne.Later the Claimant was approached again by the Defendant inviting them (the Claimant) to a conference to discuss sales training at the cost of £50 (Fifty Pounds) gross of VAT. Originally it was understood by the Claimant that this was a free seminar, but accepted later that it was the intention that it was to be paid for. To that end the payment was made directly by Visa Card.In The Chelmsford County Court Claim No:2YK57438.Christopher William Richards/ trading as The Credit ConsultancyClaimantAndXYZ Limited t/as ABC DefendantContinuedThere was an unexpected charge of £15.00 on the invoice, which the Defendant claims was to cover the late attendance at the seminar. It should be made clear to the Court that the Claimant was late for the start, but did not miss the entirety of the meeting. This was disputed, but the Defendant refused to refund the monies on the basis that their terms were 24 hours cancellation before a meeting and not the day of the seminar taking place. However due to the small value, this is not part of this claim.As a result of the difference in the statements, the Claimant ordered their card issuer VISA to recall all items including the £50, but as outlined above in clause 4 above, the £50 was repaid to the Defendant by the Claimant.A further £150 was paid to the Second Defendant, via the first Defendant although purporting to be a seperate Limited Company known as Virtual 4U Limted, in respect of a service to be provide an electronic internet web-site for the Claimant. As this was not supplied, this remittance was again recalled via VISA by the Claimant.Continued.In The Chelmsford County Court Claim No. 2YK57348Christopher William Richards/ trading as The Credit ConsultancyClaimantAndXYZ Limited Trading as ABCThe Defendant made a vexed, indeed threatening phone call to the Claimant representatives Matthew and Adam demanding the monies to be repaid them, and that a Credit Note had been issued for other items. This Credit Note was not received but shown on a statement of account issued by the Defendant, but not that of the Defendant. It was also claimed by the Defendant that the reason why the site had not been set up was that the relevant Art-work had not been provided. This Artwork was rapidly forwarded by the claimant, and advised by a representative of the firms, that it had been received by e-mail.On the same day a person purporting to be the Defendant’s Solicitor stated that they had been instructed to commence proceedings against the Claimant. The would be Solicitor refused to provide the Firm’s name nor its Solicitors Registration number nor DOCX address. Nothing further has been heard from this party.The following day I telephoned Cost Co who passed me to a Virtual 4U representative who stated that the site would take about four weeks to create and the system should be “on-line” by the first week of June. This is an unreasonable length of time for a relatively simple operation, given that the layout and text of the site including a review of the Company and the relevant Art Work had been received.Continued/In The Chelmsford County Court Claim No. 2YK57348Christopher William Richards/ trading as The Credit ConsultancyClaimantAndXYZ Limited t/as ABC DefendantOn the 24th May, having heard nothing further from the Defendants, nor details of the URL address of the would be site had still not been supplied. As at the date of this Particulars of Claim, no further contact has been received by either of the Defendants to confirm the completion of the site and having executed a search through an internet search engine, the site cannot be found. The Defendants have refused to make any further undertakings relating to completion, nor attempted to contact the Claimant.On the 24th May 2012 a registered letter was sent to the Registered address of the First Defendant: Unit 3 Far Away Hills Florence Way London SS16 6AJ giving a notice of intent to commence these proceedings, and to the Second Defendant. No reply to that notice has been received from neither the Defendants nor their alleged Legal Representative either by letter nor electronic means including telephone.Exhibits:Statement of Account C.W.Richards from which the monies were taken, but not refunded.Copy of statement from showing entries as recorded by Cost UK Limited.The Claimant claims:£196.87 in respect of breach of contract and non delivery of services ordered.Statutory Interest at the rate of 8% per annum from the date of issue ofthis Summons, until the settlement of the Judgement debt3. Costs.You then sign this form as Claimant, with your name in print below your signatureYou will need a copy (all signed) along with the particulars of Claim (and each page if it is more than one page) .The original for the Court (they will provide the case number when issued.A copy for you to be returned by the Court with the case number for your file.A copy for each of the Defendants. In this case there is only one Defendant as it is a Limited Company (even if he does trade as ABC), the Limited Company is his legal name.A spare copy for your file (in case the others get lost in the Court system it saves you having to start from scratch !Send all the Documents to the County Court you have chosen to issue through. You can do that by hand if the Court is local, or by Regsitered Mail (or your equivalent).Within about 7–10 days you will recevied back the Court Copy of the Summons and your particulars of Claim and the Claim Number. On the Summons (Form N1) it will give the name of the Court and Claim number; also a stamped date showing when the documents is deemed to be legally issued, another date below that to show when it is deemed by the Court to be “Served” (usually 7days later.The Defendant then has 14 days to reply to the Summons and either admit the debt, dispute the debt in part (stating that a Credit Note was requested, but they have to justify why a Credit Note was required as part of their “Defence in part”.If they fail to reply to you via the Court by day 15 (telephone the Court to see if it has been returned) and await their form to request Judgement. Very simply this is a form to state that you want the debt to be paid immediately (Forthwith) or you may want it by instalments- however always go for Forthwith as you can ammend the terms infomrally if you wish; but the Judgement Order stands for immeidate payment.The Defendant then has 7 days to make payment to you after the service of the Judgement (which you will get a copy). If they fail to pay, then you can proceed to Enforcement.Again it is is protocol that you write to the Defendant enclosing a copy of the Juidgement and request payment or to contact you to make arrangements.If the Defendant fails to reply nor make payment, you can then enforce the Judgement.That can be done (usually) a Warrant of Execuction (not as danegrous as it sounds -:) ) which is basically and Order of the Court to Bailiffs to remove goods to the value to settel your Judgement Debt including Costs (some people go for the post Judgement Interesest but it can be more time consuming thant it is worth).As you are dealing with and individual who is a sole trader (i,e, not a limited company) then the goods he has in his home as well of that of the business can be “levied” upon and sold to cover the debt.There are somethings which cannot be taken away (a pecualrity of Englsih law).Food, and coooking utensils, cuttlery. something to cook on/with i.e. cooker /stove and plates etc.A table to dine at and a chair; also a “lounge chair”.Bed for each person and of course linen and bed clothes.Basic Clothing (if you have a mink coat or valuable type of jacket, they can take those but rarely do); that would included night wear and shoes.Although it didn’t used to be the case, they will leave white goods like a Washing Machine, Tumble Drier.After that everythingelse can be levied upon and sold.There is another quirk in so far if a person in the house cans how or indicate that a certain (valuable item) is theirs, as example an expensive piece of jewellwery , that can be seized and sold. However if can be shown that a person living in the house who is not linked to the Judgement, then they can lay claim to it, and the Bailiff will not seize immediately. There needs to be evidence of ownership.Usually it will be left along if the amount concerned is small compared to the size of the Warrant/Judgement. If it is owned by the other party and they are claiming rights which actually they are NOT entitled to it, the Bailiff can issue what is known as an “interpleader summons” which requires the person to fo to Court and show they have title (ownership absolutely) that may also include a car if it is in that persons name only.However if ownership of the car is found to be that of the Judgement Debtor, it will be levied upon and sold in satisfaction of the debt.Should there still be sums remaining, then a “continuing Order” will be made for the balance of the Judgement debt to be settled. There is nothing further that the Judgement Creditor can do as tere are no assets.Indeed if the Bailiff went in to the property in the first intance and saw there was nothing of value, he would make a return to Court fo that effect, The warrnat in effect will die. That said a Warrant of Execution in the UK has a life of 12 months (365 days), so if the Judgement Creditor feels that money or goods have been received they can get the same Warrant re-issued providing it is in debt.Finally if it is found that a third party owes the debtor money through and agreement (more often it is a bank account someone has found with cash in it) or the person is known to owe the Judgement Debtor noney, what is known as a “Third Party Debt Order” can be issued and served on the party who owe the Judgement Debtor the money.In effect they are sued as well, but by what is known in English Law as “Extension of Jurisdiction” and the money seised , paid in to Court and the Judgement Creitor paid.After that in effect the Defendant is declared nkrupt.chris r - London,

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