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Broadly, a civil engineering consultant can offer three type of services:PlanningDesigningSupervisionPlanning here typically means master planning for a medium/long term duration. Typically state/central government or ULBs hire consultants to prepare master plans for 10/20/30 year period wherein they develop vision for development of a city/state/region. Based on this vision document, individual projects are identified. This is not engineering in strict sense.Designing means preliminary design/detailed design along with preparation of Bill of Quantities and Cost Estimates and drawings and tender documents when required. Often, a feasibility study is carried for studying the technical feasibility and economic viability before designing stage. Typically, client requires the consultant to prepare the Detailed Project Report which includes all the above information.Supervision means construction supervision, project management, third party quality control, material inspection etc. Here the supervision may be a 100% day-to-day supervision of the construction of project or periodic supervision like once a week etc. This depends upon the requirement of the client.Above mentioned services can be provided for a number of infrastructure projects and to both government and private clients.This may include: roads and bridges, buildings, water supply/sewerage/drainage projects, metro projects, railway projects, airports and airstrips, ports and jetties, marine structures such as fishing harbours, irrigation projects such as canals/dams/weirs etc.Typically, most of the above works include a bit of mechanical and electrical engineering as well. But majority of the works fall under civil engineering.To give you an idea, a brief scope of work, taken from a tender document for a work of design of bridges is given below for your ready reference:Title of the assignment: CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR PREPARATION OF DETAILED PROJECT REPORT FOR MAJOR BRIDGES ON ALL CATEGORIES OF ROADS(a) To carry out Preliminary and Detailed Field Surveys and collection of Data for proposed Bridge projects and approaches,(b) To carry out Sub Soil Investigations for proposed Bridge projects and approaches,(c) To examine suitability of providing Bridge and approaches,(d) To prepare General Arrangement Drawings and General lay out plans, General Description of the project, to prepare Bill of Quantities and Cost Estimate for proposed Bridge and approaches,(e) To prepare Detailed structural design of all components and to prepare Working drawings for all components for proposed Bridge and approaches for approval and to prepare BOQ based on detailed design and consultant shall prepare specification for all the items included in the BOQ as per MOST and/or R&B Dept. specifications. Additional specifications which are not included o\in MOST and/or R&B Dept. specifications shall be based on sound engineering and construction practices.Brief scope of work for Independent Engineering Consultant for a Road Project is as follows. Taken from a tender document of NHAI. This assignment is for supervision of road construction work.Title of the assignment: Independent Engineer Services for Four laning of Bhavnagar-Talaja Section of NH-8E from km. 7.090 to km. 53.585 (Design ch. From km. 6.945 to km. 54.990) (Package–I) in the state of Gujarat on Hybrid Annuity mode under NHDP Phase IV.(I) review of the Drawings and Documents;(ii) Review, inspection and monitoring of Construction Works; conducting Tests on completion of construction and issuing Completion/ Provisional Certificate;(iv) Review, inspection and monitoring of O&M;(v) review, inspection and monitoring of Divestment Requirements;(vi) determining, as required under the Agreement, the costs of any works or services and/or their reasonableness;(vii) determining, as required under the Agreement, the period or any extension thereof, for performing any duty or obligation;(viii) Assisting the Parties in resolution of Disputes; and(ix) Undertaking all other duties and functions in accordance with the Agreement.The scope of work will very with the type of the project and requirement of the project. For example, a project to be executed on Engineering, Procurement and Construction (EPC) mode will require the consultant to prepare detailed designs and drawings for the project while a project to be executed on Public Private Partnership (PPP) mode will require the consultant to prepare preliminary designs only.Similarly, during the construction phase some clients will require the consultant to carry out 100% supervision of the construction work while some client will require periodic supervision.

Rlys need past successful completion of similar work ( as defined in tender) for a govt dept. during last 3 years and a certain minimum earnings (1.5 times work value) in last 3 years, for all big works costing over 50 lakh. For smaller works, they don’t prescribe such past credentials but do see your capacity to complete the tendered work.If you have capacity or past credential , you can buy rly’s tender document of a tendered work and submit your tender and if you are L1 and have capacity to complete work. you acn be awarded the work. Rlys works are governed by General conditions of Contract (GCC) as amended from time to time which can be accessed on indian rly’s website www.indianrailways.gov.in .Each Rly advertises its tenders on its website (like http://cr.indianrailways.gov.in )(Central RlY) and can be seen there. You have to submit electronically your offer & earnest money deposit under digital signature and reply to any back reference from rlys. You have to keep your offer open for 90/120 days as given in tender and if you go back on offer before this period expires, your EMD is forfeited. After award of contract and before signing it ,you will be asked to deposit certain amount as Security deposit for successful completion of work within allotted time, else it will be forfeited. If you successfully complete contract rlys will issue ‘Completion certificate’ to you which you can use for tendering for other similar works of rlys or other deptts.

Thanks K.A.Jayan cheta for A2A.First of all, Tamizh people neither Hate Hindi Nor Hindi speaking Indians.We hate Hindi Imposition.Before moving into my answer, first read this.India as it exists in one piece today, with a huge border, and 27 states are just 71 years old under democratic government. Prior to that, you need to learn that regional language to communicate and live among the people of the locality.After Independence,Sardar Vallabhai Patel went to each state and spoke to them to accept India as an Indian Union. Promising Language freedom. That’s why we have language based demarcation for each state.For showing our love and passion towards our mother Tamizh in TN and resisting this Hindi hegemony, we are made infamous and villanised as Hindi hating and Hindi people hating Tamil language terrorists.India is a Multi-cultural, Multi-lingual and Multi Religional country. Its not a nation. (Nation is a Monolingual and Monocultural region. Country is a Multi-cultural, Multi-lingual and Multi Religional region) So how it is logical to keep one language as sole official language of multilingual country. See Singapore,Switzerland and European union having many languages as official languages.Even these 71 years they dint understand the need and feelings of people, then it will become a huge problem for Unity and Integrity of India in future.Now coming into answer for the question asked.When Regional parties asked to make all other Regional languages along with Hindi as official languages of Indian union, some of the politicians from northern part of the country rejected their idea of making all 22 languages as official languages of Indian union,In 1950, Congress govt announced Hindi and English as official languages of Indian union.(English will continue to remain as official languages for only 15 years) In 1965, Congress led central govt announced to make Hindi as sole National language of India and made Hindi compulsory in all states. It is central govt compelled everyone to learn Hindi. So TN and other states protested it. Initially the central govt are not ready to add any other regional languages as additional official languages of Indian union due to Hindi hegemony(read domination by Northern politicians) and finally Congress govt agreed and kept Hindi along with English as official languages of Union of India. DMK and other parties which protested against Hindi imposition also agreed to follow English with Hindi as official languages by considering the practical difficulties in providing all official documents in all languages.In 1968, central govt formulated 3-language formula.Please go through this link. Three-language formula - WikipediaI have copied 1st paragraph from the Wikipedia for my answer.The Three-language formula for language learning was formulated in 1968 by the Ministry of Education of the Government of India in consultation with the states. The formula as enunciated in the 1968 National Policy Resolution which provided for the study of "Hindi, English and modern Indian language (preferably one of the southern languages) in the Hindi speaking states and Hindi, English and the Regional language in the non-Hindi speaking States".Note: This formula is made to ensure the Unity and Integrity of Indian union by making the both regions learn each other family’s anyone of the languages. so there would be secure feeling and inclusiveness when they don’t see any domination of single language over other which develops mutual respect which unites India, further so that one language would be used for communication throughout India.This formula is followed in AP,Kerala,Karnataka and Telengana. TN is officially excluded. But, most of the northern states not followed this by learning anyone of the southern language.Instead they opt for Sanskrit,Punjabi,Urdu,Odia and some other foreign language which don’t belong to southern language family. Note: They are not officially excluded like TN.A south Indian kid(except TN) should learn their 1.mother tongue 2.Hindi and 3.Englishbut,most of the north Indian kids won’t learn anyone of the south Indian language.They will selecting 1.Hindi , 2.English and 3.Sanskrit/Any other foreign language, but not Southern language.Why only we are giving place to Hindi but Hindi states won’t give space to our languages.This is the reason for Last year protest in Bengaluru for removing Hindi letters from BMRL boards.Most of the People from northern parts of the country who migrated to south din’t learn the local language.This further increase the hatred.Respect should work both ways, right.Let all the northern states implement this formula to learn anyone of the south Indian language.So, when this 3 language formula work both ways, there would be mutual respect which unites India, further so that one language would be used for communication throughout India.In case,If they don’t want to implement this 3-language formula by saying Freedom of Individual citizen, I think its best to leave a choice up to students to select How many languages and which languages they want to learn. There should not be even single language as compulsory including Sanskrit,Hindi and English.This should be same to all not as at present. It is also their fundamental right and their freedom.In TN, Hindi is taught from 1st std to 5th std in many of the Matriculation schools and compulsory in CBSE schools. Do u know Hindi is compulsory in TN for CBSE schools but Tamil is not compulsory for children who having Tamil as mother tongue in TN. Dakshin prachar sabha is an organisation formed by Gandhi to teach and promote Hindi down south is conducting its various functions still in TN. Many schools are providing options such as Sanskrit,Hindi,Telugu,Kannada,Malayalam, French,German and Arabic as second/Third languages to study. Now tell me how many states in northern part of the country having option to study Tamil as second/Third language.I studied Hindi in my grade 1(1996) to grade 5(2001). After that, i din’t use anywhere. So i forget to write even my name. Once I graduated in 2012(11 years after study), when i was posted in kochi site, where many labors from UP,Bihar,Jharkand,Orissa and WB worked with me, i learnt Hindi to instruct them.But its not same with other fields especially the IT/Computer field.And constitutionally they excluded TN from 3-Language formula.That means a person in TN should study1.Mother tongue Tamil and2.English for Education,Job and communication.So, As per this state policy followed by TN, All official documents and commercial advertisements in TN should be in Tamil and English.But here they replaced Tamil with Hindi. There are many people studied in Tamil medium who don’t know both English and Hindi are living in TN. why all of their services and official documents are not provided in Tamizh and replaced with Hindi. Why they are treated as 2nd class citizens within their home TN. Is this, not the Hindi imposition or domination by Hindi chavunists? Then, how they will understand and function if Tamil is replaced by Hindi. That’s why we Tamizh people call it as Hindi imposition/Domination since they are imposing Hindi in TN. So, we oppose it.Tamil have got official statuses in certain departments in TN and not in certain departments.For example if you consider status of Tamil at Chennai High court,During February 2018 only,, Centre rejected TN request to make Tamil as official language in chennai High court albeit decision taken in 2012 congress rule. If PM Modi respect all Indian languages and all Indian culture, why his govt rejecting Tamil language in Madras HC.Then a person who knows only Tamil, how can he give his statement and do official works in chennai HC.Tamil cannot be Madras HC's official language: Centre rejects TN request againHindi ImpositionSome Bank challans like SBI,ICICI,Post office challans, Railway tickets,ATM instructions, Safety instructions in cylinder and trains, Flight instructions,Central govt advertisements and Tenders,Many competitive exams and many other official documents are mostly in Hindi and English not in Tamil. In TN,Whenever i go to Banks,some people ask me to fill the forms since they dont know Hindi and English.Categorise Tamils into three types from the view of literacy.Know both Tamil and English.Know only TamilUneducated. Among these 3 groups 1st have no problem with absence of Tamil.Since they know English. 3rd have always dependent on others to fill the form. Now problem is for 2nd group if there is an absence of Tamil. So we are fighting against absence of Tamil to facilitate the 2nd group and improve the education facilities for 3rd group. Presence of Hindi is not a problem for any Tamizhan. only absence of Tamil is our problem. Getting taxes from us and advertise the central govt schemes in a language unknown to us is Tamizh’s problem. Even we explaining this for about 68 years still central govt not correct their mistakes. That’s why we feel Hindi is thrusted upon us. Karnataka,West bengal, Punjabis,Maharashtraians are started to feel Hindi is Imposed on them. Go and see Stop Hindi Imposition page on Facebook. As an PG student Iam not able to read the Central govt schemes advertised in hindi in TN, whats are the feelings of the people who know to read only Tamil.what is message conveyed by Union govt here. To understand our schemes you have to learn Hindi. Isn’t it? What is the purpose of advt. To reach more people and make them understand the values and benefits of scheme right? Even after this if u say there is no Hindi imposition i cant say anything further. For ex: see the pictures pasted below-1).Train ticket for train running inside TN2) In 2014 Tamil+English and in 2015 English+Hindi3.Advt of Railways at bottom right corner of paperNote: It happened with all other southern languages like Kannada,Malayalam,Telugu. So it is a systematic avoiding of non-Hindi languages.A Hindi mother tongue person who is not fluent in English can get any services in any part of the country but not other language people can get their services in their mother tongue?Do the Indian union govt dominated by politicians from Hindi states thinking all other language people as second class citizens?After Independence,Sardar Vallabhai Patel went to each state and spoke to them to accept India as an Indian Union by Promising Language freedom.Where is the language freedom that Patel promised?Why Banks,Post offices and all other central govt controlled organisations are not giving their services in state official language in respective states?We,Tamizh people treat our Tamizh language as our mother. When some one throw our mother out of our home, what we will do. we will hate that person, right?Newton’s third law-For an each and every action,there should be equal and opposite reactionDue to their anger and frustration on not getting our services in our mother tongue Tamizh and replaced Tamizh with Hindi, that’s why few Tamizh people applying black tar on Hindi letters in TN due to the Inequality and central govt showing partiality and disrespect to Tamizh language and Tamizh people.For showing our love and passion towards our mother Tamizh in TN and resisting this Hindi hegemony, we are made infamous and villanised as Hindi hating and Hindi people hating Tamil language terrorists.This is the case of our hatred for central govt. When central govt repeating this partiality again, this hatred against govt will turn into hatred against Hindi language. Due to few idiots who racially discriminates us as Kala madrasis and make fun of our culture, traditions,customs and most importantly language, then this hatred turns against them.But not against all North Indians. We are matured enough to identify the good and bad ones.They are welcomed to promote Hindi language in TN as part of their constitutional right, but it can’t be allowed at the cost of our state official language and our mother tongue Tamizh.Solution to this problem from my point of view.India is a Multi-cultural, Multi-lingual and Multi Religional country. Its not a nation. (Nation is a Monolingualand Monocultural region. Country is a Multi-cultural, Multi-lingual and Multi Religional region) So how it is logical to keep one language as sole official language of multilingual country. See Singapore,Switzerland and European union having many languages as official languages.Even these 70 years they dint understand the need and feelings of people, then it will become a huge problem for Unity and Integrity of India in future.When Indian union govt implement 3-language formula in all states without any failure and declare all 22 languages as official languages/National languages of Indian union and publish all official documents in 1.Respective state official language,2.Hindi and 3.English,As far as my knowledge and thought, if Indian govt execute these two schemes successfully,then everyone feel inclusiveness for the deserved respect and equality given to their mother tongues, they will be happy, unite and integrate with other Indians.But if Indian govt fail to do achieve anyone of these two schemes, then it may lead to division of country, one day.Thanks for maintaining decency and decorum in discussions. It is happy to discuss with you.