Upon Completion Of This Form, All Doctoral Candidates And Their Supervisors Become M: Fill & Download for Free

I was told that I had “zero possibility” of getting into a top 100 PhD programToday I am working towards my Ph.D. with the #1 professor in my field. Don’t lose hope. If you really want to do something, you will find a way ….From as far back as I can remember I have always enjoyed teaching and that was my long term goal. After finishing my BTech from the Bengal Engineering and Science University (formerly known as Bengal Engineering College), Shibpur, I joined IIT Kanpur for MTech in 2007 with a simple plan: I wanted to do PhD from a reputed university so that I can then get to teach in some engineering college. But 6 months down the line, my plan went haywire.. my CPI at the end of semester 1 was 7.5; in MTech a CPI of 8.0 is considered average and my rank at one point was 14th or 16th out of 20. During a casual discussion with my supervisor I was told that with a CPI less than 8.0 there was “zero possibility” of getting into a top 100 PhD program.No margin for errorWell, I think my relatively low CPI was mostly due to two things. First, I got exposed to a lot of activities all at once. At one particular time I was the student placement co-ordinator, student guide in the counselling service and was also taking French and guitar classes. I think this happens to quite a lot of students who come from colleges where there are not too many “non-academic” activities.Secondly, the grading system at IITK is particularly unfair for post-graduate students. We were exposed to a completely new system of exams and we take only 8 courses during the entire program. With even-point grading system (A=10, B=8, C=6, D=4, F=2), a small slip-up gets your CPI down by 0.25. I remember, one of the mid-semester exams where we were allowed to carry with us one sheet of paper filled with any information we deemed fit. I had no idea about what to include on the sheet of paper; so I decided to add as many things as possible keeping font size as small as I could read. I managed to stuff the entire syllabus in the sheet! I went to the exam hall very confident but found that my sheet couldn’t help me solve even one question; and I got a zero in an exam for the first time in my life! Luckily it was just a mid-semester exam. I think it took me time to understand the nuances of open book, take home exams and the likes. By then it was too late and since we only had 2 semesters worth of course work, one couldn’t really bounce back from such setbacks. The second semester was not too great either and by the end of it I was convinced that there was absolutely no way I could get admitted to a decent PhD program.A point worth noting is that more than half of the time spent during the MTech program is on thesis work (about 12-14 months out of 22). Quality of the thesis is also more important to professors looking for PhD students. However there are no grades awarded for thesis; thus I think CPI is not as important in the context of MTech.Is there really NO way I could do what I wanted to?Maybe people around me were right. Maybe there was no way I could do what I wanted to do, i.e., have a career in academics. My supervisors and seniors managed to convince me that I would probably not get a PhD in a decent place with only masters degree from IIT and a CPI of 7.33; so I stopped preparing for the GRE and decided to enjoy my thesis as much as I could. Also 2009 was a year of recession so my duties as the placement co-ordinator kept me really busy and pre-occupied. Initially I was not too worried about landing a job, but when companies one after the other started refusing to come for placements, I started suffering from sleepless nights. This was when I started questioning my earlier decision to not accept a job offer at SAIL (Steel Authority of India Limited) after BTech and instead join IITK for MTech. Suddenly help came from an unexpected corner. During a candid discussion with my thesis supervisor I told him how much I was enjoying the thesis work, but how I was also regretting my decision to refuse a placement offer with SAIL and do MTech instead. It was then that he assured me that he would help me get a job in case on-campus placement efforts don’t work out, provided I didn’t let the intensity of my thesis work go down.I never really felt any peer pressure. Perhaps this was due to the fact that my friends had similar grades as mine. All of us by now had decided that CPI was important only if we wanted to pursue a PhD somewhere. We all agreed to have as much fun as possible during the thesis and forget the PhD goal. Joint GRE preparation session turned into simple adda at the canteen. My parents never put any pressure on me with regards to grades; in fact the last time they enquired about my marks and grades was way back in 2002 when I was in class 12th. I think it was mainly due to the fact that my parents had enough confidence in me. So there was no real problem there.Once on-campus placements started, in my first interview, the interviewer asked me something about Finite Element accuracy, I had no clue as to what he was asking. I just mumbled “physical intuition”, to which one of the interviewer remarked “That is a top answer” and my interview was over; just one question, no discussion about having the lowest grades among those selected for the interview. Later I was told that I had topped the written test for the job. I was offered the job but as the luck would have it, the company suffered several reverses and the project I was selected for got postponed by a few months. I thought a 4-6 month holiday at home was not really an option and so I started teaching in a private engineering college close to my home. It was a wonderful experience for me, I really enjoyed giving the lectures. I loved the fact that I managed to get a lot of attention from my students, I liked talking about engineering and liked being surrounded by people interested in hearing me talk. This experience also further confirmed that without any research experience, I could never be a good teacher. All I felt I was doing was translating stuff from the text book and narrating it to the class. To put it simply, I was just indulging in “high school teaching.” I realized that I didn’t really have enough knowledge to be a good teacher in a college/university. PhD was an absolute must.Why are you so ambitious? Do you want to be Kalpana Chawla?I finished my three months’ contract with the college, accepted the earlier job offer and started working in Bangalore. Things in my company were depressing to say the least. The project I was hired to work on got further delayed and I was benched indefinitely. I just had to login to work. I had access to the internet and lots of free coffee to drink. This continued for about 6 months. This was when the memories of my experiences of teaching started hitting me. There was not a single day when I didn’t think about how good it felt to have people listen to my lectures. I knew I had to somehow look at a career in full time teaching long-term and for that I needed to somehow get a PhD. I turned once again to my supervisors who told me that with my CPI they couldn’t take me even in IITK without an interview. I applied for the PhD program at IITK and got an interview call. I was fairly confident that the interview in itself was just a formality, since my M.Tech supervisors wanted to keep me. I didn’t apply to any other institute.What happened in the interview room was pure horror for me. The first sentence that I heard was from one of the professors in the panel who actually told me that it was evident from my grades that I was not really interested in studying and the only reason I want to do PhD is due to the fact that I got fired from my job.The panel just refused to look at my MTech thesis and also disregarded the fact that my supervisor wanted to recruit me, he obviously had confidence in my abilities.I came back to Bangalore feeling a mixture of emotions; I was embarrassed, angry and also wanted to prove a point to the panel that what they were thinking was wrong; I had to find a way. My friends and colleagues thought it was very stupid of me not to apply to other IITs, to this day I am called “Ek goli-ka shikari”- a hunter who goes hunting with only one bullet in his arsenal.So I started randomly applying to all PhD programs that were even remotely linked to my thesis and experience. The free internet and coffee of my company helped me a lot during this search. It was also during this time that the project I was hired for finally got approved and now my company wanted me to work. It was fair from their point of view, but I now wanted to prepare a bit for the impending interviews. With no PhD offers in hand I decided to quit my job. I had saved enough money to sustain myself for a few months.However, I experienced a lot of pressure from relatives, neighbours and the society in general. One of my uncles told me “tum ko kaunsa Kalpana Chawla banna hai- pata nahin kyon itna ambtion hai? XYZ ko dekho tumhare saath engineering kiya, ab 50k earn kar raha aur tum ghar main baithe ho” (Do you want to be Kalpana Chawla, what is the reason for so much ambition, look at your friend who was your classmate in engineering, he now earns 50K a month and you are jobless).Those were really tough days, but my parents never doubted my abilities and that helped a lot.A Rank of 257 in GATE was more diagnostic of my worth than an M.Tech. CPI of 7.33Finally, after waiting for a couple of months, I got a few interview calls (a couple from top 100 universities list of Times Higher Education). I was very apprehensive about interviews; my previous interview for a PhD opening was horrible to say the least. Even though my CPI was low, I believed that IITK had prepared me well for PhD in two ways. First, it instilled a certain level of confidence and faith in my ability. Second, thesis work is taken seriously by professors at IITK. It is great preparation for PhD, no amount of course work can ever replicate that in my opinion.I had a telephone interview with a professor at Katholieke University of Leuven, Belgium – one of the top universities in the world in the field of composites [World University Rankings 2011-12: Europe] I was pleasantly surprised when there were no questions at all about grades, my to-be supervisor asked me about how I got into IITK? When I told him that there were about 25,000 students appeared in GATE and I was ranked 257, he found the numbers absolutely stunning. In fact he reconfirmed whether I meant 25,000 or 2500. The project I was hired for was a good match with my thesis work and I duly got the offer. I am now doing PhD work at Katholieke University of Leuven, Belgium. My research group is well known in the field of composites. In fact, according to Microsoft Academic Search database, both my supervisor (Stepan Lomov #12) and co-supervisor (Ignace Verpoest #1) make it to the top 12 of the most prolific researchers in the field of composite materials. [Page on microsoft.com]One day I asked my supervisor why he was not bothered about my MTech grades before giving me admission to PhD program. He said that if I was good enough to execute my master thesis so well, I was also good enough for the PhD. He said he looked at my grades keeping in mind how tough it is to get into IIT and that competition must be really hard within the class as well.I recently finished my first year of PhD with the world’s best professors in my field. On the yearly review my professor remarked that in terms of where a PhD student should be at the end of year one, I was way above average. I felt really happy with his remark. I have finally proven that I am indeed capable of doing PhD quality work irrespective of my grades or what my professors at IITK told me. I am finally doing what I am genuinely interested in.Ignore the people who tell you can’t do something, because you absolutely can if you put your mind to itThe best advice I ever got and would like to share with others is that our admission in IIT is not a matter of chance; there is a reason – we are intelligent, focused, and hardworking and that needs to be kept in mind even when things don’t go as planned initially. I don’t want to sound elitist but even the student who is at the bottom of his class in IIT was at one time in the top 1% of the country. So don’t listen to people who tell you can’t do something because you can and you are good enough.During my MTech program, I had 4 interviews: one job interview through the placement office just before finishing the MTech and 3 interviews for admission to PhD program after leaving IITK. There were absolutely no questions asked regarding my CPI and grades. It was enough for the interviewer that I had been accepted into the IIT and that my thesis was relevant to their work. Keep in mind that it is generally believed that grades are sacrosanct for admission in the PhD program.On a somewhat unrelated note, another piece of advice I would like to give is to be responsible in dealing with people. For a lot of people low CPI is a cause of worry because it doesn’t help you get a good job. This can be avoided if you behave responsibly and have good relationships with professors. During my stint as a placement co-ordinator, I met different professors from my department to request them for help with placement. My plea to all of them was quite simple, there are about 30 BTech students, 5 dual degree students and 15 MTech students adding to a total of 50 students looking for jobs. If all the 25 odd faculty members help two students each then there would be a 100% rate of placement. Almost all the professors remarked that this could indeed be done but in the past all of them at some time or the other had bad experiences with students “who would join a rival company even if the salary offered was one Rupee higher” which had resulted in a loss of face for the faculty who had helped the student get the job in the first place. I understand that everybody wants more money but maintaining transparency and responsibly dealing with people would definitely lead to more participation from the faculty. Responsible behaviour from students would therefore be part of the solution towards ensuring that even students with low CPI get jobs.Govind Jaiswal: An Impossible Journey of a Rickshaw-Puller’s Son who Rose Against the Odds to Become an IAS Officer“I am very sure that all the youngsters who are living in deprivation and facing consistent difficulties can accomplish anything and everything provided they have the will and courage.” – Govind JaiswalOnce an 11-year-old boy, the son of an illiterate rickshaw puller, went to play at his considerably rich and respected friend’s house. Minutes later, he was insulted, disgraced and literally thrown out. The educated man yelled at him, “How dare you come here and mix with my son; don’t you know who you are and where you belong?” Vindictive taunts and phrases like ‘However much you study, you will still be a rickshaw-puller’ son, ‘What is your worth? You can only take your father’s business a bit further’, ‘Your father’s one rickshaw can become two or three tomorrow with your initiation’ were very common in his life to stumble upon on a daily basis.But these ‘TAUNTS and INSULTS’ steeled Govind Jaiswal’s determination and initiated a dream journey for him to become an IAS officer.A question ‘What to do so that people respect me?’ knocked his deep and the answer, he received from somebody, ‘Either you request your father to change his profession or you become big’ shook him from inside. It was impossible for him to change the profession of his father so he chose the second. An 11 year old Govind did not know what it took to become an IAS officer but he knew he will do his every bit to see himself where he wanted to. Govind started spending most of his time studying with cotton jammed in his ears to stop the extreme clatter of printing machines and generators of his neighbourhood. His father somehow managed a math tuition for him by investing all his hard work, energy and courage to make his son’s dream come true. He studied in government school and college and took advantage of students’ library. Later, on completion of graduation, he was sent to Delhi with Rs. 40,000 that his father managed by selling his only remaining piece of land. Govind ensured his father’s investment don’t go in vain and studied 18 hours a day. He often skipped one or two meals a day to save money and practiced rigorously.In 2006, one of the most emotional and proudest moments came in his life when 23 year old Govind ranked #48 among 474 successful candidates in the Civil Services Exam. Unlike most of the toppers, it was his very first attempt.In an interview to a TV channel, his sister Nirmala said, “My father had hardest time sending me money; he was exhausted and could not go beyond this year. It was becoming tough pulling rickshaw with his wounded legs. Govind was also earning Rs. 1,500 from tuitions, which is still less for living in a city like Delhi. I don’t know what would have happened if he’d not have made it this year……from 10 days before the results were to be announced, my father could not sleep a wink”“Anyone who can understand my hardships and circumstances will realize that I had no other option. Neither I could go for a lower government jobs as they are mostly fixed nor I could start a business as I had no money for it. I went for the option I was left with: worked hard on studies” Govind said after successful medical procedures, which is mandatory for IAS. His success dramatically changed his life forever.Today, Govind Jaiswal is a respected IAS officer whose success story inspires and motivates thousands of youths across India.While our country India has been suffering from the lack of accountability and corruption, Govind’s thoughts are flamed by the honesty and idealism of youth. He is thankful to his hardships and struggles and is determined not to drown his character or honesty or be influenced by anything in future. It is apparent when he says, “Today I am thankful to my circumstances and hardships through which I have evolved and curved progress. Now that I am an officer my character has been be put to the test and that is a proof for me to see what a real man I am.”Lessons from Govind Jaiswal’s Story:Don’t break down if someone tries to show where you belong to. Give them a meaningful answer not by your words but by your actions and courage. These people are ignorant about you worth and potential.Willpower is the key ingredient of any accomplishment. Be so determined that nobody could stop you from moving ahead! There are and will be a bunch of negative people on your way of destination, ready to discourage you by saying ‘No’ and this is the time when you perseverance be put on test — break or achieve what you dream of; prove or only imagine.Never take you idleness for granted under the pretext of hardships that bring life lessons and help you to find out the right way to accomplish anything you want. Remember, every great personality emerged through their hardships.Don’t take shelter in some lame excuses as it keeps you from overcoming challenges and making a thing possible. There is a very good saying, “Ninety-nine percent of the failures come from people who have the habit of making excuses.” – George Washington CarverDon’t waste your energy on worthless and insignificant events. There were many times when Govind Jaiswal felt like hitting negative people who were consistently taunting him but he never did lost his cool; instead, he used his all his energy in pursuing his dreams.Written By: Mousmi Kumar Saha Source: http://www.successstories.co.in=================================================================Dashrath Manjhi, the Man who Moved a Mountain“When I started hammering the hill, people called me a lunatic but that steeled my resolve.” Dashrath ManjhiAlmost five decade ago, a landless farmer Dashrath Manjhi from Gahlor Ghati, of Gaya (a district of Bihar) resolved to end the difficulties of his villagers by shouldering a near impossible task of slitting a 300-feet-high hill apart to create a one-km passage.His village would nestle in the lap of rocky hills for which villagers would often face gigantic troubles for crossing small distance between Atri and Wazirganj, the outskirts of Gaya town. He started hammering the hill in early 1959 in the memory of his wife, who could not be taken to the nearest health care center on time for the immediate treatment as the nearest road that connected them to the city was 50km long.He knew his voice will not create any reaction in the deaf ear of the government; therefore,Dashrath chose to accomplish this Herculean task alone. He sold his goats to purchase chisel, rope and a hammer. People would call him mad and eccentric spirited with no idea of his plans. Unfazed by his critics’ discouraging remarks, Dashrath hammered consistently for 22 long years to shorten the distance from 50km to 10km between Atri and Wazirganj. The day came when he stepped through a flat passage — about one-km long and 16-feet wide — to his dream, ‘the other side of the hill’.After this impossible accomplishment, Dashrath Manjhi became popular as the ‘mountain man’. On August 18, 2007, he breathed his last after fighting cancer at New Delhi’s All India Institute of Medical Sciences. He got state burial on the following Saturday evening.Some invaluable lessons to learn from this Legend1. He never got panicked by measuring the whole task at once; instead, he started keeping his tiny steps one by one, faced difficulties on its encountering and progressed while solving them one by one. There is no point thinking much about the task that looks seemingly unconquerable and impossible; nobody completes them in one step. What matters the most is your small steps through which you reach there. So focus on your task and accomplish them with great care.“The greater the obstacle, the more glory in overcoming it.” ― Molière2. Patience is the greatest virtue that leads us to success. Dashrath Manjhi cut through the hill for long 22 years. His patience give him the courage to overcome extreme pain, frustration, disappointments and personal loss.“Patience. A minor form of despair disguised as a virtue.” Ambrose Bierce3. Dream the impossible! Dashrath Manjhi dreamt of making a walkway through two arrogant and treacherous rocky hills. He planned accordingly, accomplished the task and walked his dream. He was a legend who taught us to dare to dream the impossible. If you keep working on, the near-impossible task will seem a lot easier tomorrow.“Whether an idea becomes a reality or not, does not depend so much on whether it is possible — but on how great the desire for it is.” ― Edmond Danken Sailer4. Attitude matters! Don’t ever blame difficulties if you crumble if front of them; it is not the difficulties but the attitude that lets you down. If Dashrath Manjhi could triumph over difficulties, it was his attitude that kept him stay focused and going.“Attitude is a little thing that makes a big difference.” ― Winston Churchill5. Stay positive! Your positive thoughts and words initiate you to reach your destiny along with your own values.“Keep your thoughts positive because your thoughts become your words. Keep your words positive because your words become your behavior. Keep your behavior positive because your behavior becomes your habits. Keep your habits positive because your habits become your values. Keep your values positive because your values become your destiny.” ― Mahatma Gandhi6. Don’t lose heart if people call you mad and crazy for you unique thoughts. The same people appreciate you, promote you and example your tale for encouragement on successfully completion of your plans. When Dashrath Manjhi began working on his plan, people called him mad and discouraged him with impossibilities, but these same people appreciated him and used the way that he created.“Never let your head hang down. Never give up and sit down and grieve. Find another way. And don’t pray when it rains if you don’t pray when the sun shines.” Richard M. NixonWritten By: Mousumi Kumar Saha Source: http://www.successstories.co.in===============================================================N. SHIVA KUMAR: A NEWSPAPER-BOY-TURNED-VENDOR WILL JOIN IIM CALCUTTA BEGINNING JUNE 16, 2013BANGALORE: As the alarm goes off at 4am, N Shiva Kumar is up on his feet, stacking his bicycle with newspapers. He has to deliver them before the sun appears on the horizon. A habit since Class 6, Shiva’s life is set to change now. Come June 16, this newspaper-boy-turned-vendor will walk down the corridors of the Indian Institute of Management-Calcutta as a PGP student.It sounds like a fairy tale, but the TOI vendor who cracked CAT 2012 has indeed grabbed a seat in the premier business school. Shiva, 23, an engineering student from Banaswadi, is the son of an illiterate mother and a father who was a truck driver. He started working as a newspaper delivery boy and for his debt-ridden family of four the Rs 150 he would bring home was a huge relief.“Every morning people would come home asking my father to return the money he had borrowed. My father had a truck. But there were more liabilities than what he could earn with it. When I was in Class 3 or 4, I sold flowers that my mother strung into garlands by the roadside. It was only later that I found the job of newspaper boy,” said the 8th semester computer science student of Bangalore Institute of Technology.Shiva managed the part-time job along with school. “I was studying in an ICSE school. In Class 9, I was asked not to come to school till I paid the fees. The next day, I approached the first customer I was delivering the paper to, Krishna Veda Vyasa, and requested him to fund me. He hesitated, and said he didn’t even know me. I asked him to do a background check, and he found I was the topper there. I requested him to pay one term’s fee, but he paid for the entire year. He continued funding me ever since. I owe it all to him,” he said.He soon found an opportunity to be a vendor and started his own agency when in Class 10. “I’d learnt the tricks of the trade by then. My vendor had some 50 extra copies to sell and I took them from him. That’s how I started,” he said. The 50 copies have now grown to 500. “After school, I would take my cycle and identify new buildings and residents. I would approach them for business and ensured the papers reached before 6am. I had my own targets for a month,” he explained his marketing tactics. He still delivers the paper along with four of his delivery boys.“It was hard work. I had to get up at 4am every day, deliver the papers and head to school. I had to skip breakfast to be on time, but would still be late. In college, I opted to sit in the last bench during the first hour so I could catch up on some sleep.”IIM could not have rejected a seat for an aspirant like him. “After my family stabilizes, I want to start a charitable institution, Educate India, by which I can help the underprivileged gain some education. I could achieve this because someone helped me. In turn, I want to help at least 10 people,” he said. Shiva is taking an education loan to fund his IIM course.At IIM-C, he plans to “work extremely hard” while he specializes in finance. It’s an attitude that has already made a mark on teachers and faculty members at his new school. “We are really impressed with the boy. He will certainly serve as an example to others and we will look forward to teaching him,” said Subir Bhattacharya, chairman of IIM-C’s post graduate programmes.(With inputs from Jhimli Mukherjee Pandey in Kolkata)http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/bangalore/Newspaper-vendor-from-Bangalore-walks-into-IIM-Calcutta/articleshow/20056795.cms=============================================================Where there is a Will……Privileges Not Needed: Abhishek Bharti, Son of a Cobbler Cracks IIT Entrance ExamAbhishek Kumar Bharti, son of a poor shoemaker from Kanpur, whose family lives in a 10×10 house has cracked the entranceexamination of the most premier institute of the country IIT.The son of a cobbler, Abhishek has managed to beat the odds and make it to the IIT with a rank of 154 in the SC/ ST category in the entrance examination. His life has been an endless struggle and it’s only his zeal to carry on that saw him reach thus far.A student of the UP board, Abhishek gathered 78 per cent marks in his class XII. Though he hails from a financially weak segment of the society but his deep inclination towards studies helped in meeting his goal – Goal to graduate from IIT.He helps his father, a cobbler, mend shoes in his spare time while his mother stitches rags to support the family, but financial hardships have not stopped Abhishek Kumar Bhartiya from coming out with flying colours in the IIT entrance exam.Abhishek has three young brothers and the family of six lives in a one room accommodation with no electricity.“We have just one small room where six of us live and that too without electricity. So, he used to study under the lantern for five-six hours in the night,” says his father Rajendra Prasad. Abhishek would work with his father as a shoeshine boy and at times would find a job as a labourer to earn some extra money. Talking about his elder son, Rajendra said, “He used to study in the night and help me in my work the whole day.”His three brothers – Abhijit, Anshul and Aryan – are below 12 years of age and study in a municipal school. Their mother Sangeeta Devi repairs old clothes of poor people and earns about Rs 50 a day. “My husband gets around Rs 100 and I earn Rs 50 in a day. It is not enough for us. But we don’t want to beg. We want to live with our heads held high. My children know how to go ahead with their pride intact. Abhishek never demanded anything from us. The table of my sewing machine would turn into his study table at night. All I did was to ensure that there was enough kerosene in the lantern,” she said.Moved with the achievement made by her son, Sangeeta Devi said, “We have been living without basic facilities at our end because we cannot afford to buy luxuries. Selection of my son has come as a gift to us from the God’s side. His hard work has borne fruits.”Abhishek emerged as a fine example for others who wish to crack the entrance exam of various competitions. He not only lacked electricity at his house but it was too tough for him to study in a small room of 10-by-10 wherein his entire family lives. His father is the bread earner and many a times he used to work as a labourer for six to eight hours in a day to arrange for the two ends to meet. Abhishek used to assist his father in doing so.Mahesh Singh Chauhan, the teacher of Abhishek who provided the boy with free education was overwhelmed with the success. Chauhan had raised a batch of 35 students last year wherein he had taken poor students as a part of his team. He taught them the basics of Physics, Chemistry and Maths along with a team of young IIT passouts to strengthen them. Abhishek was one among those fortunate who cracked the JEE and emerged as a winner.http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/kanpur/Cobblers-son-cracks-IIT-JEE/articleshow/5978149.cms===============================================================Where there is a Will…..Eyes Not Needed: Pratish Dutta, Visually Challenged, Awarded Gold Medal at IIT KharagpurIndian Institute of Technology Kharagpur’s student Pratish Dutta who is visually challenged has proved that eyes are not required to see, one can see through his mind. Pratish Datta, who lost his eyesight when he was in college, was awarded Professor Jagadish Chandra Bose Memorial Gold Medal from President Pranab Mukherjee for the best academic performance among outgoing students of the M.Sc courses in the science disciplines at the IIT Kharagpur. His cumulative grade point average was 9.87 — higher than any other M.Sc. student at the IIT Kharagpur. After graduating with mathematics from St. Xavier’s College, Kolkata, he joined the institute in 2010.Born at Batanagar in north Kolkata to Prabir, a civil engineer with a government undertaking, and Ranjana, a home-maker, Pratish has depended on his mother for studies. She would read out his lessons and he would memorize them.From his childhood he was dependent on his mother for everything. “If I studied 10 hours a day, my mother used to study 15 hours for me as she is instrumental in helping me understand the subjects since I could not read,” said a jubilant Pratish who thanked his mother after receiving the award.Pratish was six months old when doctors told his parents that he had ‘retinoschesis’ , in which the layers inside the retina gradually get separated from each other, eventually leading to total blindness. By Class VIII, he had to use high-powered magnifying glasses to study.It was in his second year at St Xavier’s College that he lost his sight completely. Ranjana turned a full-time reader for her son and when he cracked IIT-JEE, she moved to Kharagpur with him. Pratish and his mother live in a rented apartment on the IIT-KGP campus. “We received a lot of help from people. His IIT teachers and classmates were very kind. At St Xavier’s , College they would print question papers on A3 sheets for him,” Ranjana said.“My parents are my inspiration. They never made me feel that there was anything wrong. I received tremendous support from my teachers and buddies. My friend and classmate Fauzal Atik took great care of me at IIT,” Pratish said.His father, who is a civil engineer, also played a pivotal role in shaping his career. “My father always told me to give my best effort and I followed his words. At last, I have succeeded,” added Pratish.“His mother would read out his lessons to him,” said Pratish’s father Prabir Datta. “All the credit goes to his mother. He even ranked second in the country in GATE this year. We feel so proud. My boy is no different… Rather, he has proved better than many,” Datta said. Keen to take up teaching and research as his career, Mr. Datta has enrolled in a Ph.D. programme on Cryptology and Network Security at IIT Kharagpur.His PhD guide Sourabh Mukhopadhyay is amazed at how a visually impaired person could score so high in a subject like Mathematics. “This has never happened in IIT, Kharagpur, or anywhere in the world,” he said.He could not solve a mathematical problem on a piece of paper because of his visual impairment.“I could not even write a simple mathematical formula, all I did was remember it. I do all the calculations mentally and then dictate it to my scribe, who puts it down on paper,” 23-year-old Datta said.“I would read out the lessons, including mathematical problems, and he would memorize them,” his mother Ranjana Datta said, adding that since Pratish was interested in mathematics, she encouraged him to take up the subject. But, this did not dampen Pratish Datta’s love for mathematics, or his zeal for pursuing a career in mathematical research. Not only was he able to do complex mathematical calculations but he scored the highest grade among all M.Sc. students this year.“Pratish has an extraordinary mind and his way of learning is only through listening to lectures. But whatever he listens, it gets inked in his mind. We were also confused when he joined the institute, but he emerged with flying colours with his ability to rise above adversities,” head of the mathematics department Professor P.D. Srivastava said.Sheer grit and determination can do wonders. And 23-year-old Pratish Datta knows all about it. Datta has been a topper all his life. He tells that if one tries, one can do anything; lack of sight is hardly an impediment.Listen to his talk at TEDxIITKharagpurhttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6EbpqL8DhA&list=PLsRNoUx8w3rOVCghOFl92vbdyLMMjHggiYou did MSc in mathematics at IIT and are known to do complex mathematical calculations mentally. How is that possible?It goes back to my childhood. I lost vision in one eye at six months of age and had poor vision in the other. My parents felt that if I studied a lot, the pressure would damage this eye too. So my mother would read all my lessons to me and I would memorize them. Even maths sums were done mentally. I knew no other way to do it. Over time, practice made me perfect. I also manage to finish my exams in almost the same time as normal students. But a lot of higher mathematics is not just calculation but visualization too and I can handle that. Even Swiss mathematician Leonhard Euler lost his vision in the last 17 years of his life. But he continued to do research. My mind is my eye now.How did you cope with the loss of your eyesight?I was doing my second year at St Xavier’s College in Kolkata in 2008 when I lost vision in my second eye. I was shocked to suddenly see a dark world but my parents and teachers stood by me. As I loved studies, I decided to concentrate on that. All my happiness is related to studies. Even when I came to IIT, there were many questions about whether I would be able to cope. But my faculty helped me with a competent scribe, which itself takes the load off students like me. He’s a computer operator here who understands mathematics symbols and has done presentations for various seminars.The dean of student affairs also helped me find accommodation within the campus. I also have nice friends, especially Fouzoul Atik who studied with me in MSc. He would sit beside me, dictate what was written on the board, take me from one class to another, xerox pages for me…he was very happy when I got the gold medal.Was it difficult to handle the pressure in IIT with this impairment? Your mother seems to have sacrificed a lot.As I was able to see in childhood, I understood math symbols and could do well. But for many others, the fact that higher education books aren’t in Braille are a handicap. An attempt should be made to convert them so that others like me don’t suffer. As for my mother, she has stood by me like a rock. Even when I said I wanted to study in IIT, she told me bravely, ‘Go as far as you want, I will be with you.’ And she did. She left Kolkata where my father is a civil engineer and came to stay with me, an only child, here at Kharagpur.You seem to lead a normal life -you use the mobile quite well and have a Facebook profile. How do you manage these?I have memorized the keys and functions of my mobile so I can use it effortlessly. I also have a computer screen-reading software called JAWS which reads out whatever text there is on it.“My aim in life is to serve the nation by inventing tools that will help society,” he added.http://articles.timesofindia.indiatimes.com/2012-09-23/all-that-matters/34040184_1_iit-mathematics-poor-vision==================================================================“Just because a fish cannot climb a tree doesn’t mean it’s not smart.” – EinsteinKiran Jonnalagaddacleared his PU course after five attempts. And by the time hedid it, his friends had completed their engineering course. But Kiran’s story had just begun.This Bangalorean’s name now features in the team that developed the Human Protein Reference Database by John Hopkins University. The database contains entries on the 3,000 most-studied human proteins and their roles in diseases and is supposed to be the standard of developing a database internationally. Kiran has come a long way from an unsuccessful PU candidate to a successful entrepreneur.Like many who failed many times before tasting success, Kiran says it’s OK to fail. Stories of suicides by anxious students shock them. Exams are not the end of the world, they insist. “As Einstein said: ‘Just because a fish cannot climb a tree doesn’t mean it’s not smart.’ I was never good at Maths and Chemistry but I loved computers,” Kiran says.What kept him going through the five years in PU: “Fear. It was through an act of rebellion that I started working. I gained confidence and I wanted to get into a college. But I felt insulted when some people said I was too old for it. That was last straw,” he said. Kiran has worked with Chip magazine, the e-governance wing of the Karnataka government and then with the John Hopkins University.Another interesting example is renowned theater artist Vivek Madan. He dropped out of college when he was doing his first year BSc in Environment Science at St Joseph’sCollege. >”Some days, I’d revise a subject for days before the exam, but remember nothing during the exam. I’d think ‘What’s the purpose of studying?’ I realized I wasn’t stupid – it was either the subject or the way it was dealt with,” said Vivek.He added, “It wasn’t an easy decision to quit. My family did well in academics. My two grandpas are PhDs. Scoring 52% in PCMB was a horrifying experience,” he said.Yet that didn’t stop him from quitting college at 19 and plunging whole-heartedly into theater, despite of his parents’ disapproval — “I had a big fight at home when I did that,” he says. “It was supposed to have been a year-long sabbatical but I never went back to college.”He began with a series of musicals adaptations. He went on to direct his first play at the tender age of 20 and even won an award for it. “You know, I got kicked out of the dramatics team at school and college. I always wanted to go back and show the cultural secretary that award,” he grins.He then decided to tread a more conventional path and took up a job at Trump It – an events and marketing company. It was a short stint however that lasted all of ten months.So he went ahead and started his own entertainment company, Harlequin entertainment along with a partner.Karthik Naralasetty, 25, with an established business in the US, feels success in studies does not guarantee success in life. Karthik dropped out of Rutgers University, US,after a year. “I realized I had to spend a lot of my father’s hard-earned money to get a degree. I asked myself, ‘What do I want to do after getting a degree?’ I knew the answer – start a large business and manage it,” said Karthik, currently running a company called Socialblood Inc based in New York. “Funnily, though I don’t have a degree, I’ve got investors who’ve been to Harvard, Stanford, MIT and IIM,” says Karthik.He was labelled a poor student in school. Karthik said he couldn’t do much about his dislike for Mathematics. “Through school, I was bullied by teachers because of this. In Class X, my school officials openly declared that I and a few students would surely fail the examinations and be a disgrace to the school,” recalled Karthik. He said the mantra to be successful in life doesn’t lie in Class X or Class XII grades.Now much more successful than he may have ever been, Naralasetty is an Internet entrepreneur and the founder of the first of its kind site Socialblood.org. “In June 2011, I heard of a rare case in a four year-old girl who had thalassemia. She needed 30 units of blood a day every day. Not knowing anything about blood banks I realized how hard it was to find blood. My obvious response in the age of Facebook, was why can’t Facebook tell me when someone needs blood,” he says animatedly over the phone.Having started eight groups for different blood types on Facebook, his idea led to people posting requests for blood on the site. “Eventually, I formed the website that can connect you to people in your locality or the city to donate and receive blood. Within six months, 20 countries approached us to create a similar model for them,” adds this winner of the Staples Youth Social Entrepreneur Award, 2011.At least Akshar Peerbhoy, a successful businessman, followed that mantra sincethe day he was enrolled in the school. I’m probably one of the only few students to fail in Class 1. Even during exams, I’d prefer playing some games” or later on, hanging out with my friends. Most teachers gave up on me. My parents were incredibly worried, as both of them are leaders in their field,” said Akshar, who had a brief stint at Deakin University, Australia but dropped out in the second year and returned to India.It’s been a rollercoaster journey so far for Akshar, who says that focus and power of mind are keys to real success. “Today, I’m respected among colleagues and clients. Today, when I meet school friends, they’re amazed at the change in me. At the beginning of my career, I started every morning with only one goal — be better than I was the day before,” said Akshar, a successful businessman.Reid Hoffman started his professional life with the intention of becoming an academic. But then he realized: “in order to be a professional scholar, you have to dedicate a vast majority of your career to writing esoteric books/articles that only 50 people will understand.” So instead, he got into the technology industry with a job at Apple, where he helped build eWorld, Apple’s version of America Online. Next, he started a company called SocialNet. It failed.A friend of Hoffman’s, Peter Thiel, recruited him to join a startup, PayPal. It sold to eBay in 2002. Then Hoffman went on a long trip to Australia. There, he decided to create an Internet company. It’s LinkedIn. Today, it’s worth $19 billion – and Hoffman is its biggest shareholder.Source : http://alumniconnect.wordpress.com/super-stars/

An ocean of streams:-12th standard is the last stage of a student’s school life. After 12th standard, a student has to decide his path and his career. This step has to be taken after lots of planning and thinking. You just can’t afford to choose what to do after 12th standard carelessly. You must take into consideration various factors like- your interests, job scope and opportunities etc while choosing your career. I think this article will help you deal with it.There are many courses available to students after 12th standard. Courses like Engineering, MBBS are main stream, but I will also focus on slightly unknown and unique courses. Please make sure that you take your own time and think before you choose a particular course.Professional courses for Mathematics and Biology Group students!COURSES FOR MATHEMATICS GROUP STUDENTS (P,C,M SUBJECTS)1 ENGINEERING COURSESAfter finishing 12th science stream schooling, one may go for undergraduate B.E. or B.Tech. Engineering program. The course duration is 4 years. After B.E./B.Tech., one may also go for M.E./M.Tech., which is master degree course in Engineering! M.E./ M.Tech. program lasts for 2 years. Some of the prominent branches of Engineering are-Mechanical EngineeringElectrical EngineeringCivil EngineeringChemical EngineeringComputer Science EngineeringIT EngineeringIC EngineeringEC EngineeringElectronics EngineeringElectronics and Telecommunication EngineeringPetroleum EngineeringAeronautical EngineeringAerospace EngineeringAutomobile EngineeringMining EngineeringBiotechnology EngineeringGenetic EngineeringPlastics EngineeringFood Processing and TechnologyAgricultural EngineeringDairy Technology and EngineeringAgricultural Information TechnologyPower EngineeringProduction EngineeringInfrastructure EngineeringMotorsport EngineeringMetallurgy EngineeringTextile EngineeringEnvironmental EngineeringMarine EngineeringNaval ArchitectureThose were some of the well known Engineering branches. One may pursue any of the above mentioned courses after 12th Science. Biotechnology Engineering is one such course that both Mathematics and Biology group students may pursue!After Engineering, one may easily find relevant jobs both in private as well as public sectors! If B.E./ B.Tech. Degree is followed up with M.E./M.Tech. Degree, one may also venture into the teaching field and become a College Lecturer!Job profiles available after completing the course are-Chief EngineerAssistant EngineerSupervisorConsultant2 http://B.SC. COURSESAfter Engineering, B.Sc. programs are what 12th Science students choose often. When it comes to http://B.Sc. program, the course duration is 3 years. After graduation, one may go for PG course- http://M.Sc. It lasts for 2 years. Some good http://B.Sc. courses are-http://B.Sc. Agriculturehttp://B.Sc. Horticulturehttp://B.Sc. Forestryhttp://B.Sc. IThttp://B.Sc. Computer Sciencehttp://B.Sc. Chemistryhttp://B.Sc. Mathematicshttp://B.Sc. Physicshttp://B.Sc. Hotel Managementhttp://B.Sc. Nautical Sciencehttp://B.Sc. Electronicshttp://B.Sc. Electronics and Communicationhttp://B.Sc. Biotechnologyhttp://B.Sc. Aviationhttp://B.Sc. Animation and MultimediaThe beauty associated with http://B.Sc. program is that many top Universities are offering attractive scholarships for meritorious students! Also, when http://B.Sc. is followed up with http://M.Sc., one may build a good career in Research and Development field!3 B.C.A.B.C.A. stands for Bachelor of Computer Applications. Like http://B.Sc., B.C.A. too is a 3 years long course. This course focuses on Computers, software and applications, programming languages etc.After getting B.C.A. Degree, one may also go for PG course- M.C.A. It is a Master program and lasts 2 years. Talking about job opportunities, one may find jobs in both private as well as Government sectors. But private sector chips in with more job opportunities! Especially IT MNCs recruit B.C.A. Graduates in large numbers! One may also venture into the teaching profession after doing M.C.A.!Job profiles available after completing the course are-Software developerComputer EngineerProject ManagerSoftware tester4 B.ARCH.B.Arch. stands for Bachelor of Architecture. Explaining in simple terms, it is a branch that deals with planning and construction of homes, buildings, commercial structures, public utility structures etc.Duration of B.Arch. course is 5 years. Talking about job opportunities, one may get into MNCs and top players operating in the Construction as well as building sector. Also, if you are creative and passionate, you may also start up on your own, planning, designing and creating homes and small projects. Gradually, you may climb the ladder and branch out onto bigger ventures!Job profiles available after completing the course are-Chief ArchitectAssistant ArchitectResource ManagerPlanning & Design professionalConsultant5 B.PHARMACY.Many might be surprised on seeing B.Pharm. in this section! But yeah, even Mathematics group students may go for B.Pharm.!Pharmacy course is all about the pharmaceutical sector. It deals with topics such as making medicines, chemicals involved in making medicines, uses of medicines etc. This course is 4 years long.After completing B.Pharm., one may follow it up with the Master’s Degree- M.Pharm.! Talking about job opportunities, Pharmaceutical companies are the prime job providers. One may also get job in hospitals that hires chemists. Government sector jobs are also available for graduates, such as- in Government hospitals, as an Officer in the Drugs department etc.Opening one’s own shop is another option! A combination of B.Pharm. and M.Pharm. can also ensure you a job in Research sector as well as teaching sector!Job profiles available after completing the course are-PharmacistMedical representativeResearch professional6 B.B.A.B.B.A. stands for Bachelor of Business Administration. This course has nothing to do with science stream. Still, science stream students are eligible to pursue it!B.B.A. program’s duration is 3 years. On completion, one may also go for M.B.A. (Master of Business Administration), which lasts for 2 years.Job opportunity includes private sector jobs mostly. Managerial posts in MNCs will be a good place for B.B.A. grads to start off! Job profiles include-HR ManagementMaterial ManagementAdministrative roles7 COMMERCIAL PILOT TRAININGAfter 12th standard, Mathematics group students may also go for Commercial Pilot trainingand become a Commercial Pilot! For this, they have to attend a Flight Training school. Please go through this detailed guide that I’ve written regarding Commercial Pilot Training.The course duration varies from one institute to another! In general, it lasts between 2-3 years. After finishing training, one may land the job of a Ferry pilot or Commercial pilot in Private or Nationalized Airline companies! After retirement, one may also become a trainer. This, according to me is an added advantage that this field offers!8 DIPLOMA COURSE IN FIRE SAFETY AND TECHNOLOGYThis is a job oriented course that 12th science Mathematics group students may pursue. There are many private institutes offering Diploma as well as certificate programs, when it comes to this course. Duration of the course may vary from one institute to another. But usually, it is between 1-3 years. Job profiles consists of-Safety EngineerFire Safety OfficerSafety Management professionalInstructorSafety Technology Consultant9 MERCHANT NAVY RELATED COURSESLooking from career prospects’ point of view, Merchant Navy is a well rewarding sector! The remuneration is generally high. But the work involved requires hard work and determination.Talking about Merchant Navy sector, there are various job posts available, like- Marine Engineer, Sailor etc. Based on the job post, there are number of courses available too. Some of the courses are- marine technology and engineering and diploma course to become sailor.10 JOIN ARMED FORCES–commons.wikimedia.orgYes, this is a good option, but there is an age limit. You have to be 19 years old or younger to appear for NDA (National Defence Academy) exam. You must also have completed your 12th standard exams with A group. If you manage to pass NDA exam and SSB interview, you will get admission in NDA, Pune. You have to do a Bsc course there along with military training and studies. After 3 years in NDA and a year at IMA (Indian Military Academy), you will get a job in Indian Armed forces as an officer.11 DIPLOMA COURSESIf you don’t get admission in engineering, you can take admission in Diploma engineering (Mechanical/Chemical/Electrical/Civil and most other prominent Engineering disciplines). After completing your diploma, you can go for a degree. After you get your diploma, you have to attend an engineering college for only 2 years to get a degree.Apart from the traditional Diploma Engineering programs, there exists many other job oriented Diploma courses too. Some of them are short term and some others last more than a year, when it comes to duration. Some such job oriented Diploma courses that one may pursue after 12th Science stream are-Diploma in Print Media JournalismDiploma in Animation and MultimediaDiploma in Film making, Video production and EditingDiploma in BiotechnologyDiploma in Interior DesigningDiploma in Jewellery DesigningDiploma in Education TechnologyDiploma in Retail ManagementDiploma in English TeachingDiploma in Fashion DesigningDiploma in Banking and FinanceDiploma in Yoga EducationDiploma in Event ManagementOther than the above mentioned Diploma courses, there also exists the traditional technical Diploma engineering courses also. Maths group students, who have less marks may pursue Diploma instead of Degree engineering course. After completing diploma education, they may take admission in Bachelor’s Degree program using the lateral entry scheme! Some traditional technical diploma courses are-Diploma in Mechanical EngineeringDiploma in Electrical EngineeringDiploma in Civil EngineeringDiploma in Chemical EngineeringDiploma in Mining EngineeringDiploma in Computer Science EngineeringDiploma in Marine EngineeringDiploma in EC EngineeringDiploma in IC EngineeringDiploma in MetallurgyDiploma in Sound Engineering12 OTHER GOOD COURSESThere are various other good courses like Hotel Management, Fire Safety Technology, Welding Technology and Software/Hardware courses. These courses also offer good job opportunities. Make sure that you get admission in an institute that is approved by the Government. Diploma course to become Air Hostess is another hot course for 12th passed students. Students who wish to have an exciting and adventurous career can opt for this course. The job involves lots of traveling and the pay scale is promising. After retiring from the profession, one can take up secondary jobs in fields related to hospitality. Even males can take up this course since male flight attendants are also in huge demand these days, due to new private airlines opening up. Science stream students are also eligible to pursue courses from other streams also. For example, they are eligible to pursue http://B.Com., Chartered Accountancy and even relevant B.A. programs also! A list of such courses are as follows-http://B.Com. (relevant fields like statistics)Bachelor of Social WorkMass Communication and Journalism (B.A. program)Animation and Multimedia (B.A. program)Performing ArtsLanguage Courses (Foreign Languages are promising)Banking and Finance (B.A. program)B.M.S. (Management course)B.B.A.+M.B.A. (Integrated course)Diploma in Film Making and Video EditingAir Hostess/Cabin Crew training courseDiploma in Event Management13 SOME DESIGN RELATED COURSES# Bachelor Programs in Design Field- Science stream graduates who have a flair for designing and fashion can take up any of these design related branches and build a good career. A list of programs that I found interesting are-Bachelor of Design (Fashion Designing)– A well known course being taught in NIFT (National Institute of Fashion Technology), this one is a 4 year long course. The program is much sought after by students interested in designing clothes and apparels. The job prospects are good, when it comes to this particular course. After graduating, one has a wide choice of potential careers to choose from. Some of them are- designers, freelance design consultants, costume designers, illustrators etc. Also, graduates can easily land jobs in MNCs related to clothing line and designer wears.Bachelor of Design (Leather Design)– Like the previous entry, this one is also a 4 year long course. Job opportunities are abundant in this field also. Primarily, this field is associated with designing of leather products, mass manufacturing of it, management of the good, transportation etc.Bachelor of Design (Accessory Designing)– The duration of this course is 4 years long. This field is all about designing high end and innovative designed and crafted accessories, ornaments etc. Not just ornaments, this field also deals with accessories like footwear, interior design goods etc.Bachelor of Design (Textile Design)– 4 years long course. Deals with all aspects associated with the field of textile manufacturing, processing, designing and management. One of the most popular courses offered by NIFT. Graduates will be able to find jobs easily in industries associated with clothes and textile industry.Bachelor of Design (Knitwear Designing)– Knit wear is emerging as the next big thing in the design and textile world. This 4 year long course deals with the fundamentals of knitting and also incorporates knowledge about state of the art methods and equipment too!Bachelor of Design (Fashion Communication)– This is a new course, but surely high on promise and potential. In a nutshell, it is all about merchandising (visual), exhibiting design, fashion journalism etc. Graduates can be expected to get hired by media houses, as a fashion consultant. Graduates can also become chief organizers of fashion events.Animation film Design– A 4 year long course offered by the prestigious NID (National Institute of Design). Graduates of this course can become independent animators, work under big Indian and International media production houses, advertising houses etc. The job scope is promising, when it comes to this particular field.Ceramic and Glass Design– This activity has been practiced by man since ancient times. This 4 year long course offered by NID also imparts ancient techniques as well as state of the art methods also!Furniture and Interior Design– A 4 years long course. Deals with various aspects of designing, manufacturing, processing etc of wooden and other types of furniture and interior designing goodies.Product Design– This field is all about designing useful products or innovating and improving the design of already created products. This 4 year course is all about innovative attitude and making things more useful to mankind by improving its design!14 BACHELOR OF PLANNINGI don’t know whether any private Institute in India teaches this course or not, but unfortunately, at CEPT (Center for Environmental Planning and Technology), this course has been temporarily stopped. This has been done with an aim of re-introducing this course with much more quality study material and course material. The course will be re-introduced in 2015!15 BACHELOR OF INTERIOR DESIGNThere are many institutes (especially private ones) offering this course. They offer Diploma as well as certificate courses. But try to get admission into premier institutes like CEPT and choose this course.16 TEACHING & EDUCATION COURSESSuch courses are commonly known and the teachers training course. Usually B.Ed. is the most important course, when it comes to this category of professional courses. And it can be pursued only after graduation. But there also exists some teaching related courses, which can be done right after 12th science! They are-B.El.Ed. (Bachelor of Elementary Education, 4 years long course)Diploma in Elementary EducationB.P.Ed. (Bachelor of Physical Education)Primary Teachers Training course (can follow it up with B.Ed.)17 PHARM DPharm D stands for Doctor of Pharmacy. It is a Doctoral Degree program. The course duration is 6 years (5 years long academic program and 1 year long internship program). Like B Pharmacy, Pharm D is another professional course, which both Mathematics and Biology group students may pursue.18 MANAGEMENT COURSESAfter 12th Science (Mathematics group), students are also eligible to pursue management education. BBA (already mentioned) is the most popular choice among students these days. Many undergraduate level management programs are available (both Degree and Diploma). Here are some well known degree courses-B.B.A. (Bachelor of Business Administration)B.M.S. (Bachelor of Management Studies)Integrated B.B.A. + M.B.A. program (5 years duration)B.H.M. (Bachelor of Hotel Management)Retail Management (Diploma)B.B.E. (Bachelor of Business Economics)B.B.S. (Bachelor of Business Studies)B.I.B.F. (Bachelor of International Business and Finance)19 DEGREE COURSES FROM OTHER STREAMSMathematics group students are also eligible to pursue courses from other streams after 12th! Some examples of such courses are- http://B.Com., B.A., Management courses etc. While selecting such a course, make sure that it is a relevant and useful one. Some such courses are-http://B.Com. (relevant specialization)B.A. (relevant specialization)Bachelor of Social WorkCA (Chartered Accountancy)CS (Company Secretary Course)CMA (Certified Management Accountant)Actuarial ScienceBachelor of StatisticsNow, it is time to focus on courses meant for Biology group students. Below listed are the courses that students who had Physics, Chemistry and Biology as their main subjects in 12th may pursue-COURSES FOR BIOLOGY GROUP STUDENTS (P,C,B SUBJECTS)1 MBBSThe most sought after course, in case of Biology group students. The duration of this course is five and a half years. Academic duration is four and a half years. This is followed by an internship that lasts a year. So, combining them together, the duration of MBBS program turns out to be 5.5 years!As we all know, becoming a Doctor is not too easy. First of all, getting an MBBS seat in a private or Government College is a very difficult task. Then, the course is also not too easy!Still, doing MBBS and following it up with PG course will help you build a rewarding career. Healthcare business is booming and the demand for well qualified Doctors is expected to shoot up in the future. One may get job in Government or private sectors. Also, opening one’s own Clinic is also a good option!2 BDSBDS stands for Bachelor of Dental Surgery. The course duration is 5 years. Of those 5 years, classroom studies make up 4 years. 1 year is dedicated towards internship!Getting into MBBS program is too tough. But getting a BDS seat is relatively easy! But at the same time, career prospects are a bit dim, when compared with MBBS. Still, one may complete BDS, follow it up with PG course and build a good career.3 B.PHARMACY.Pharmacy course is all about the pharmaceutical sector. It deals with topics such as making medicines, chemicals involved in making of medicines, uses of medicines etc. This course is 4 years long.After completing B.Pharm., one may follow it up with the Master’s Degree- M.Pharm.! Talking about job opportunities, Pharmaceutical companies are the prime job providers. One may also get job in hospitals that hire chemists. Government sector jobs are also available for graduates, such as- in Government hospitals, as an Officer in the Drugs department etc.Opening one’s own shop is another option! A combination of B.Pharm. and M.Pharm. can also ensure you a job in Research sector as well as teaching sector!4 B.A.M.S.B.A.M.S. stands for Bachelor of Ayurvedic Medicine and Surgery. If you want to become an Ayurveda Doctor, B.A.M.S. course is for you! The course duration is five and a half years. Four and a half years are dedicated towards classroom courses and rest 1 year towards internship.In comparison to M.B.B.S. and BDS programs, getting a seat in BAMS program is easier! And talking about career prospects, the future in this sector is all set to be bright! Take a look at the pace at which Health tourism has been developing in the recent times. Ayurveda resorts and treatment evidently have played an effective role in developing health tourism.More and more people are trying out Ayurvedic treatment, thanks to its rising popularity and lack of side effects! So, it is safe to say that job opportunities will certainly increase with time. One may land job in private as well as Government sector.5 PHARM.D.Pharm.D. is a unique course! Its name may sound similar to Pharmacy course. But it has got more to it than just the elements of Pharmacy program!Pharm.D. can be said to be a mixture of B.Pharm., M.Pharm. as well as MBBS! Yes, this course got elements from all the above mentioned courses!This obviously means that the course duration will be pretty long, thanks to the enormous amount of study material that it consists of. The course duration is 6 long years!But job opportunities and career prospects are excellent! One may work abroad after doing this course. Pharm.D. Graduates are valued more in Western Countries than they are valued in India.6 http://B.SC. NURSINGIn Healthcare sector, the demand for well trained and qualified nurses is huge! The demand is increasing with time, but the supply, the number of qualified nurses graduating each year, is not satisfying this demand! In short, qualified nurses are well valued and are rewarded well for their service!http://B.Sc. Nursing course is 3 years long. It can be followed up with an M.Sc. Degree. There is a notion that this course is meant exclusively for girls. But it is not true at all! Male candidates too may pursue it.Ample amounts of jobs are available in both Private as well as Government sectors. Private as well as Government Hospitals are keen to recruit well qualified nurses!7 B.H.M.S.B.H.M.S. stands for Bachelor of Homeopathic Medicine and Surgery. This course deals with Homeopathic medicines and procedures in detail. The course duration is five and a half years.What makes this course valuable is the fact that there are still many people who rely on Homeopathic medication and treatment. So, finding job in Private hospitals won’t be a problem for B.H.M.S. Graduates.8 BACHELOR OF PHYSIOTHERAPYPhysiotherapy professionals are well valued in Healthcare sector. They are required to help patients recover and rehabilitate from muscular injuries and physical injuries through non surgical methods.The course duration is four and a half years. 4 years are dedicated towards classroom studies and practical lessons. 6 months are dedicated towards internship.Talking about career prospects, after graduation, one may take up job of a physiotherapist in private as well as Government hospitals. One may also start one’s own venture.9 OTHER http://B.SC. COURSESSome other 3 years long http://B.Sc. courses that PCB group students may pursue are-http://B.Sc. Biochemistryhttp://B.Sc. Biologyhttp://B.Sc. Physicshttp://B.Sc. Chemistryhttp://B.Sc. Environmental Sciencehttp://B.Sc. Biotechnologyhttp://B.Sc. Nursinghttp://B.Sc. Occupational Therapyhttp://B.Sc. Physiotherapyhttp://B.Sc. Radiologyhttp://B.Sc. Bioinformaticshttp://B.Sc. Anthropologyhttp://B.Sc. Microbiologyhttp://B.Sc. Zoologyhttp://B.Sc. Forensic Sciencehttp://B.Sc. Agriculturehttp://B.Sc. Pathologyhttp://B.Sc. Speech Therapyhttp://B.F.Sc. (Fisheries Science)http://B.Sc. Horticulturehttp://B.Sc. Geneticshttp://B.Sc. Health Science and Nutritionhttp://B.Sc. Sports Sciencehttp://B.Sc. Audiologyhttp://B.Sc. Botanyhttp://B.Sc. Operation Theatre Technologyhttp://B.Sc. Anaesthesia and Operation Theatre Technologyhttp://B.Sc. Medical Laboratory TechnologyOne may also follow up the above mentioned courses with an http://M.Sc. Degree also.That’s it! Those were some good courses for which Biology group students are eligible to apply for. Next, we will see some more Diploma as well as certificate courses, which both Biology and Mathematics group students may pursue.10 DIPLOMA COURSESListed below are some job oriented Diploma courses, which Biology Group students may pursue after 12th. Their duration may vary from 6 months to 1 year. Traditional Diploma course may last even longer than the period mentioned above.Diploma in PharmacyDiploma in Medical ElectronicsDiploma in ForestryDiploma in ToxicologyDiploma in Interior DesigningDiploma in Fashion DesigningDiploma in Journalism and Mass CommunicationDiploma in Yoga EducationDiploma in Food Science and NutritionDiploma in NursingDiploma in Event ManagementDiploma in General Nursing and MidwiferyDiploma in Operation Theatre TechnologyDiploma in Medical Laboratory TechnologyDiploma in Anaesthesia Technology11 B.U.M.S.BUMS stands for Bachelor of Unani Medicine and Surgery. It is a 4½ years long professional course. After completing the course, Graduate must also do an unpaid internship lasting a duration of 1 year. Thus, it takes 5½ years to complete this course!Students who are unable to get admission in courses like MBBS, BDS and BAMS may take up this course. On completing it, they will get the tag of Doctor!12 B.A.S.L.P.BASLP stands for Bachelor of Audiology Speech Language Pathology. It is a course that focuses on Audiology, hearing disorders, auditory systems, speech language therapy, hearing implants etc. It is a 4 years long course. After completing the course, Graduates will have to do a 1 year long Internship program. Thus, in total, it takes 5 years to complete this course.After completing the course, Graduates will be able to find a job in the following sectors- marketing of hearing implants, rehabilitation clinics (for people suffering from hearing disorders), Clinics and Hospitals, Special Schools and Educational Institutes (for children suffering from hearing disorders) and Hearing aid manufacturing industries.13 MANAGEMENT COURSESAfter 12th Science (Biology group), students are also eligible to pursue management education. Many undergraduate level management programs are available (both Degree and Diploma). Here are some well known degree courses-B.B.A. (Bachelor of Business Administration)B.M.S. (Bachelor of Management Studies)Integrated B.B.A. + M.B.A. program (5 years duration)B.H.M. (Bachelor of Hotel Management)Retail Management (Diploma)B.B.E. (Bachelor of Business Economics)B.B.S. (Bachelor of Business Studies)B.I.B.F. (Bachelor of International Business and Finance)14 TEACHING & EDUCATION COURSESSuch courses are commonly known and the teachers training course. Usually B.Ed. is the most important course, when it comes to this category of professional courses. And it can be pursued only after graduation. But there also exists some teaching related courses, which can be done right after 12th science (biology group)! They are-B.El.Ed. (Bachelor of Elementary Education, 4 years long course)Diploma in Elementary EducationB.P.Ed. (Bachelor of Physical Education)Primary Teachers Training course (can follow it up with B.Ed.)15 OTHER DEGREE COURSESBiology group students are also eligible to pursue courses from other streams after 12th! Some examples of such courses are- http://B.Com., B.A., Management courses etc. While selecting such a course, make sure that it is a relevant and useful one. Some such courses are-http://B.Com. (relevant specialization)B.A. (relevant specialization)Bachelor of Social WorkAviation courses (http://B.Sc./Air Hostess training etc)JOB ORIENTED COURSES THAT BOTH BIOLOGY AND MATHS GROUP STUDENTS MAY PURSUE-1 AIR HOSTESS TRAININGTo become an Air Hostess, one has to undergo training. There are many private institutes providing Diploma, Degree as well as Certificate Air Hostess training courses. Duration may vary depending upon the program. Generally, it lasts between 1-2 years. If it is a well paying job that you want, Aviation courses like these will be of help.2 EVENT MANAGEMENT COURSESEvent Management course is very job oriented. Certificate, Diploma as well as Degree courses are available, when it comes to Event Management. Course duration varies between 1-3 years, depending upon the program.3 HOSPITALITY DIPLOMA COURSESHospitality sector is booming. And with it, the job opportunities associated with this field are also increasing! Degree, Diploma as well a Certificate programs related to Hospitality Management are available as of now. A 4 years long B.H.M. (Bachelor of Hotel Management) course would be the best one among all of those Hospitality courses.4 LAW12th Science students are also eligible to study law from Law schools! One has to choose to pursue it as an integrated Law course lasting five years though! For example- B Sc+LLB, BBA+LLB etc. This is how integrated courses works!Law after graduationLaw directly after 12thTalking about job opportunities, one may start working for Law firms. After gaining experience, one may start private practice too!5 ANIMATION, GRAPHICS AND MULTIMEDIAIf you have the right set of skills, the field of Animation and multimedia will help you build a successful career. This is a field that requires creativity, if you want to thrive!Diploma courses lasting 1-2 years are offered by many institutes throughout India. http://B.Sc. courses related to Animation and Multimedia, lasting 3 years, are also offered by many Institutes across India. 12th passed science stream students may also go for B.A. Animation and Multimedia course! Even though this course is from another stream, science students are eligible to study it!6 FASHION TECHNOLOGY/DESIGNInstitute like NIFT (National Institute of Fashion Technology) is offering 4 year Degree course in Fashion Technology. Also, there are number of private institutes offering Diploma as well as certificate courses too. In those cases, the typical course duration is between 1-2 years. Design related courses too could be pursued by students hailing from both groups- Mathematics and Biology.7 JOURNALISM AND MASS COMMUNICATIONTrains one to become a part of the media sector. Typical course offers programs related to news reporting, journalism, photography and video shooting, anchoring, news presenting etc.Diploma as well as Degree courses are offered by many private Mass Communication institutes. Course duration varies between 1-3 years. Major media houses- print and Digital- offers ample job opportunities. B.A. in Journalism and Mass Communication is another Degree course being offered by many colleges in India. Even though it is an Arts stream subject, science students may pursue it after 12th!8 WEB DEVELOPMENT AND DESIGNINGThere are Diploma as well as certificate courses offered by private institutes. Course duration varies, depending upon the program. Usually, they last between 6 months- 2 years.Web development sector is booming. MNCs and small businesses offer good number of job opportunities. One may also start freelancing/start one’s own web designing firm.Apart from traditional Science stream courses (Mathematics and Biology Groups) and other job oriented Diploma, Certificate and Computer courses, Science stream passed students are also eligible to apply for and pursue Commerce as well as Arts stream courses! Yes, many students and parents are unaware of this fact! A Science stream student can pursue Commerce stream courses like http://B.Com., CA (Chartered Accountancy), Company Secretaryship course etc. Similarly, he/ she may also pursue Arts stream courses like B.A., Bachelor of Performing Arts etc. If you want to switch your stream and pursue courses from other streams, you are very much eligible to do so. But note that the syllabus and study material will be totally new to you in College, if you make a switch of stream.

You have the premise bassackwards.81M patriots voted to preserve democracy and our republic. 74M questionable votes were cast for the dictator wannabe who openy opined that he should get a third term as a do-over, then wondered aloud about remaining in office past a third term.Donald Trump, president for life? We need term limits nowIf Trump wins in 2020, could he possibly seek a third term in 2024?https://thehill.com/opinion/campaign/444394-donald-trump-president-for-life-we-need-term-limits-nowThat piece of shit is about as corrupt as any one person could ever possibly be. It has a list of stiffed vendors across the NYC/Tri-state area two miles long. It was close friends with a widely known alleged pedophile, Jeffrey Epstein.The morning following the 2016 heist, Nazi Swastikas appeared as graffiti on hundreds of walls, as if these fascist neo-Nazis had been given carte blanche to terrorize anyone who wasn't lily white and of Northern European descent. Minority communities were rightly feared of these mouth breathing knuckle draggers who reveled in perceived freedom and license to antagonize at will to Make America Great Again, which was actually code for Make America White Again.This farce, this big orange joke of a POTUS, IMPOTUS is more like it, is no fan of democracy. It attacked our First Amendment and free press relentlessly, as if the US was a third world banana republic. It wanted the Executive branch to be omnipotent.Trump has made many extreme claims of power, previously declaring that Article II of the Constitution, which vests executive power in the president, gives him "the right to do whatever I want."https://www.washingtonpost.com/nation/2020/04/14/trump-power-constitution-coronavirus/By bringing DJTJ in as the black market pharmaceutical rep, Eric, as the Court jester, Ice Cold Jared, and Ivodka Tramp, as the daughter-wife, trump** put his nepotism on display, as well as his desire to turn this country into a monarchy.The orange coward pushed the envelope throughout its four year reign of terror by accepting foreign help in both elections from the man it was Putin office by.“[I]t also does not exonerate him.” Mueller ReportIt violated amendments and laws with impunity.Mike Block has compiled a thorough list.trump** had the Executive branch, as well as both chambers of Congress for two full years. If not for its incompetence and complete lack of understanding of how government functions in a democracy, there's no telling how much damage it could have wreaked upon the people of America.trump** damn near burned bridges with all our traditional allies in democracy and started cozying up to rough and toothless dictators Un, as well as his supervisor Putin.trump's corruption infected Bitch McConnell and the GOP in Congress. It had considerable resources to beat down creditors long enough to drain their resources. I can only surmise that it had extensive dirt on all of its sycophants. Just to name a few of the more loyal of his treasonous rats: McConnell, Graham, Cruz, Grassley, Tuberville, Cotton, Rubio, Scott, Ernst, Paul, Kennedy, Collins S, Hyde-Smith, Blunt, Hawley, Tillis, Inhofe, Toomey, Blackburn, Lee, Johnson in the Senate; Nunes, Gaetz, Collins D, Young, Gosar, McCarthy, Issa, Loudermilk, Scalise, Gym Jordan, Gohmert, and of course MTG and Boebert in the House, Governors Ducey, DeSantis, Abbott, and miscellaneous riffraff, Giuliani, Haley, Pence, Bannon, Billbarr, and it's entire Cabinet. I'm sure I've missed a few.trump** is absolutely NOT a religious person at all. Never was, never will be, yet he had evangelical voters, better yet, eviljellykills, fighting over his jism, too.Trump and HitlerThe parallels between trump** and Hitler are too numerous to miss. A simple internet search of trump and hitler produces endless pages of results:trump and hitler at DuckDuckGoYou are being redirected to the non-JavaScript site. Click here if it doesn't happen automatically.https://duckduckgo.com/?q=trump+and+hitler&t=h_&ia=webAccording to a 1990 Vanity Fair interview, Ivana Trump once told her lawyer Michael Kennedy that her husband, real-estate mogul Donald Trump, now a leading Republican presidential candidate, kept a book of Hitler's speeches near his bed.Donald Trump's ex-wife once said Trump kept a book of Hitler's speeches by his bed"If, I had these speeches, and I am not saying that I do, I would never read them."https://www.businessinsider.com/donald-trumps-ex-wife-once-said-he-kept-a-book-of-hitlers-speeches-by-his-bed-2015-8?op=1In a 1990 interview, the [m]illionaire businessman admitted to owning Nazi leader's 'Mein Kampf'Schmidt: Trump's 'only affinity for reading anything were the Adolf Hitler speeches he kept on his nightstand'Schmidt: Trump's 'only affinity for reading anything were the Adolf Hitler speeches he kept on his nightstand'GOP strategist Steve Schmidt said Tuesday that President Trump's "only affinity for reading anything were the Adolf Hitler speeches he kept on his nightstand" during an appearance on "Morning Joe."https://thehill.com/homenews/media/394130-schmidt-trumps-only-affinity-for-reading-anything-were-the-adolf-hitlerEven trump's bankroll, his father, was a Nazi.Donald Trump’s Father was a NaziThis is the post excerpt.https://secrets.politics.blog/2016/11/29/first-blog-post/And now, more than 500K US coronavirus deaths occurred during his reign. By not advocating for strict mask usage, generous social distancing, (>12',) and sheltering in place, hundreds of thousands of miserable, painful deaths by asphyxiation could have been avoided. Millions of people now have compromised pulmonary systems and shorter life expectancies. (I wouldn't be surprised to find out if he inquired about a potential strain that singles out undocumented immigrants.) I warned people in frequent posts on Quora, Facebook, and Twitter about what to expect if you get it bad… laying in a quarantined hospital bed with tubes running in and out of you while your lungs fill up with snot until you can't breathe anymore and you die from asphyxiation. I stopped caring when it became evident that wearing a mask was a sort of pass/fail IQ test, and that red states and regions started lodging bigger case and death numbers than blue ones.*¹These similarities are too uncanny to merely be coincidences as trump** apologists are bound to point out. Let's take a look at some trump** apologists. Here are some random photos taken at trump** coronarallies, and RWNJ events.Who takes pride in associating with Confederates and Nazis? These assholes?To what extent the depths of the dirt reached, I don't know, but just as a fr'instance, Miss Lindsey went golfing with the liar in chief a couple of years ago. Previously, Graham had been a vocal critic of trump**, but came off the links that day shaking in his boots as if he had seen a ghost, and a newly minted sycophant, complete with a gooey chin.The decimation of education in the US over the past 40–50 years has been unbelievably complete and tragic. Our students, current and past are a failed lot. Simple constitutional, governmental, and political questions asked of young people, the man on the street, the common man, are frequently met with dumb stares. Civics, geography, history, and languages are not taught the way they used to be. Critical thinking skills have been scrapped in favor of learning how to take tests. Students are taught just enough to run the machinery and do the paperwork.*²Evolution and anthropogenic climate destabilization get thrown out the window in red state schools, proponents ridiculed in class, favoring young Earth, flat Earth, and intelligent design bullshit. This is proven science, ferkrissake!*³ In history, the Civil War was about “states rights,” the Holocaust never happened, and neither did the Southern Strategy and the ideology swap between the Republicans and the Democrats.*⁴ Tennessee wanted to make the Bible the official state book!Racism is still alive and kicking in America, I'm sad to say, along with its close relatives misogyny, xenophobia, and homophobia. It was fully on display from 2009–2017 when gasp! a black man had the audacity to run for and win not one, but two presidential terms! How dare he defy McConnell and become a two term POTUS! The nerve of some people!Lest ye not forget. This is mild compared to the endless vile insults that were slung at Obama, his wife, and his two preteen daughters.Clinton did make the mistake of not stumping in Wisconsin, Michigan, and Pennsylvania, but there were the issues of the go nowhere, Comey nothingburger memo dropping less than two weeks before that election, and of course, the issue of Putin's thumb on the election scale, so to speak. Still, Clinton received almost 3M more popular votes*⁵ than trump**, while 11M*⁶ more folks voted against it than for it.trump** knew last year it was going to have a hard time winning reelection. First, it was no match for the coronavirus. The only way trump** knows how to win is by lying, cheating, stealing, or all three, but against the virus, it was no match. All the insults and lies in the world were no match for the power of the pandemic. That must have frustrated the absolute fuck out of orange man.All the stupid, silly nicknames it had for all of its Democratic counterparts could not stop the Democrats. If the virus frustrated the fuck out of it, then trailing ol’ Sleepy Joe by double digits for the entire campaign must have driven it batshit cray-cray. Biden didn't have to campaign! trump** was campaigning for him! It was a joke, and a common one at that, that the Democratic strategy was to just let trump** run his mouth, and kill his base at its dog & pony C19 shitshows. As the summer and fall wore on, trump** kept running its foul mouth on and on and on and on, over and over, again and again.THE ONLY WAY THE DEMOCRATS CAN WIN IS IF THEY CHEAT! FAKE NEWS! FAKE NEWS! FAKE NEWS! FAKE NEWS! Rinse and repeat.Not only did his brain dead fanbois hear him, but the states did, too. It's no accident there was no fraud what to speak of. No state wanted to be on the receiving end of any phone call from trump** about election integrity.In a rare case of trumpian clarity, it knew it was sowing seeds of discontent into soil well fertilized by 30K lies, half-truths, mis-truths, alternative facts, prevarications, and bullshit disinformation*⁷ statements, as well as the decades of subpar education. It started inciting the January 6th insurrection long before that day.Merely whispering the word peacefully one time, and (1) time only did nothing to override the decrees it had sent out to all points of the land it governed. It sent out calls to the narcissist's followers, supporters, jock straps, Proud Boys, Boogaloos, Oath Keepers, 3%ers, bullies, trumpanzees, agents provocateurs, off duty cops, QAnos, Qberts, Qubs los, and an assortment of disillusioned, disenfranchised, and disgruntled former high school quarterbacks who couldn't cut it at the intercollegiate level. It even told the the Proud Boys on live national TV to “stand back and stand by.”*⁸ Not stand down, but stand by. As in be prepared for when the shit hit the fan.These Neanderthals lack the aforementioned critical thinking skills, or the ability to think things all the way through to their logical conclusions. They could not and still cannot see that they are the con man's marks.Who storms the Capitol Building, breaking down doors with battering rams, smashing windows, all federal crimes, BTW, and then posts self incriminating evidence on line?!trump** is still bilking his minions for hundreds of millions of dollars after it lost the election. It has $300M in loans coming due in the next four years. If it's the Russians he owes, it's got a lot of fundraising to do, or liquidating, or both.trump** has lived a life of luxury, leisure, crime, and hate. There couldn't be anyone more fitting or stronger to facilitate an overthrow of our government. Fortunately, our democracy was stronger. Dynasties, empires, and the like don'tlast forever. There is speculation about that the US is nearing the end of its run. That will have to wait another generation or three for the next attempt.You didn't think I forgot about the tax increase part, did you? Unless you're making over $400K per year, your taxes will not go up.Biden: 'No new taxes' for anyone making under $400KDemocratic presidential nominee Joe Biden said in an interview aired Sunday he will not raise taxes for Americans making less than $400,000. https://thehill.com/homenews/campaign/513319-biden-no-new-taxes-for-anyone-making-under-400kThe author who penned this question has no grip on reality.➖➖➖➖➖FOOTNOTES:** Indicates twice impeached POTUS.*¹ There were initial surges in blue coastal states while doctors, epidemiologists, and scientists were scrambling to figure out this novel virus. Coastal states on all three coasts are primary international ports of entry for both air and ocean carriers. The I-95 corridor from North of Boston to South of Washington DC is one of the most densely populated corridors in the country if not the most densely populated. People literally live on top of each other in high rise condo towers, apartment complexes, and tenement houses, or side by each in row houses and shotgun shacks with barely any room between them, and a postage stamp sized back yard with nothing separating them but a chain link fence. The California coastal areas have densely populated cities and metropolitan areas — San Diego, Los Angeles, San Jose, San Francisco, and the I-80 corridor from Oakland to Sacramento. While not quite as dense as the previously mentioned areas, Oregon has the I-5 passing through Eugene, Corvallis, Salem, and Portland, while Washington has the Seattle metropolitan area.*² Thanks to George Carlin*³ Yes, I know evolution is a “theory,” but so is gravity, and you don't see anyone floating off into space.*⁴Southern strategy - WikipediaElectoral strategy to increase political support in the Southern United States In American politics, the Southern strategy was a Republican Party electoral strategy to increase political support among white voters in the South by appealing to racism against African Americans. [1] [2] [3] As the civil rights movement and dismantling of Jim Crow laws in the 1950s and 1960s visibly deepened existing racial tensions in much of the Southern United States, Republican politicians such as presidential candidate Richard Nixon and Senator Barry Goldwater developed strategies that successfully contributed to the political realignment of many white, conservative voters in the South who had traditionally supported the Democratic Party rather than the Republican Party. It also helped to push the Republican Party much more to the right. [4] The "Southern Strategy" refers primarily to "top down" narratives of the political realignment of the South which suggest that Republican leaders consciously appealed to many white Southerners' racial grievances in order to gain their support. [5] This top-down narrative of the Southern Strategy is generally believed to be the primary force that transformed Southern politics following the civil rights era. The scholarly consensus is that racial conservatism was critical in the post- Civil Rights Act realignment of the Republican and Democratic parties. [6] [7] Several aspects of this view have been debated by some historians and political scientists. [8] [9] [10] [11] [12] The perception that the Republican Party had served as the "vehicle of white supremacy in the South", particularly during the Goldwater campaign and the presidential elections of 1968 and 1972 , made it difficult for the Republican Party to win back the support of black voters in the South in later years. [4] In 2005, Republican National Committee chairman Ken Mehlman formally apologized to the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) for exploiting racial polarization to win elections and ignoring the black vote. [13] [14] Introduction Although the phrase "Southern Strategy" is often attributed to Nixon's political strategist Kevin Phillips , he did not originate it [15] but popularized it. [16] In an interview included in a 1970 New York Times article, Phillips stated his analysis based on studies of ethnic voting: From now on, the Republicans are never going to get more than 10 to 20 percent of the Negro vote and they don't need any more than that... but Republicans would be shortsighted if they weakened enforcement of the Voting Rights Act . The more Negroes who register as Democrats in the South, the sooner the Negrophobe whites will quit the Democrats and become Republicans. That's where the votes are. Without that prodding from the blacks, the whites will backslide into their old comfortable arrangement with the local Democrats. [1] While Phillips sought to increase Republican power by polarizing ethnic voting in general, ahttps://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern_strategy*⁵ Yes, I know popular votes currently do not determine the winner of our POTUS elections. These numbers point to how UNpopular it was in 2016.*⁶ Margin including all candidates*⁷ Intentional misinformation*⁸ The Proud Boys adopted that utterance as their slogan and put it on their website.Why did 80 million Americans vote for the end of democracy and a tax increase in 2020? Are they that stupid to give up democracy just to get rid of Trump?