Influenza Vaccine Administration Form: Fill & Download for Free

Guide to the Answer:A. History of VaccinationB. Major Arguments Against VaccinationThe history of vaccination is long - very long. I think in order to understand our current resistance to vaccination you need to understand the history a little. Throughout the story you will see a pattern -“We don’t like what we don’t understand, in fact it scares us, and this monster is mysterious at least!”Historians noted that people began observing the protective effect of acquiring some diseases, such as smallpox as early as 430 BC.[1] Records from the 10th century indicate Chinese physicians were inoculating through a process called “variolation” - deliberate infection with disease by blowing scabs up a healthy person’s nose. Variolation worked, too - cutting mortality from around 30% down to 1–2%.[2]Why would it take so many centuries? There were several problems. First, the early inoculation attempts worked — sort of. Often the person would get a lesser form of the disease. Sometimes they wouldn't. Sometimes they’d contract another disease. Because the physicians had no clue about other blood-borne diseases, sterile technique, secondary infections and the like, they often caused unexpected problems that were rather difficult to understand.Above everything else — no one really understood why people got sick in the first place, much less why this method of making a person sick — just less sick — worked. Germ theory of disease was proposed in 1546, and improved in 1762 — but largely ignored in favor the more plausible miasma (bad air) theory, which went back to antiquity (note to scientists — beware of “settled science”!) So the physicians by and large believed that smallpox was caused by “bad air”, and for whatever reason, exposing people to the lesions and giving them the disease this way protected them against the disease contracted through the “bad air” — particularly if a worse case of “bad air” came along.The physicians were pragmatic — they observed it worked, so they wanted to do it, but let’s be real here, the treatment is a bit gross. A lot gross. The physicians were cutting open scabs from the following types of lesions:People were terrified of this disease, and rightfully so. It killed between 30% to 100% of the people who got it, depending on the strain. Many people who survived were scarred for life. They might go blind, or become completely crippled from the disease attacking their bones and joints.Physicians were asking people to let them take fluid or powder from those pustules, and blow it up their nose or inject it right into them. Think about how frightening that must have been! They didn't even want to be near someone with the disease, or near someone who had been near a person with it because they all knew it was contagious. This was a terrible invasion of privacy.So people did what people always do — they invented a million reasons the physician should NOT do this terrifying thing to them.In 1721 a tremendous smallpox epidemic broke out in Boston. The Rev. Cotton Mather initiated a highly controversial inoculation program. Yes, that Cotton Mather, of the Salem Witch Trials — he wasn’t all bad.mezzotint portrait of Cotton Mather (Feb. 12, 1663 - Feb. 13, 1728), American Puritan clergyman.Peter Pelham, artist - http://www.columbia.edu/itc/law/witt/images/lect3/Cotton Mather was inspired by a slave named Onesimus, who told him about his inoculation in Africa, and by a letter published to the Royal Society of London in 1721 by Emanuale Timoni describing the procedure and its efficacy. He was backed by exactly one physician — Zabdiel Boylston. He faced opposition that was religious and scientific.Why do you fight God’s will? (doesn’t this sound familiar)There’s not enough evidence to use that method (not a bad science argument).Cotton Mather and Zabdiel Boylston decided to argue against the religious people with a fairly succinct message — this is no different than any other invasive medical procedure.And the scientific argument? Well — that meant collecting data. So they began inoculating people — not as many as they could have if they had had the support of the town’s physicians as a whole, but they managed to inoculate 287, and only 2% died, compared to nearly 15% of those in the city at large.[3] That largely put the matter to rest in the mind of the scientific community, and the practice was adopted to the great health benefit of the Boston community. (See graph below)The Fight Over Inoculation During the 1721 Boston Smallpox Epidemic - Science in the NewsNow, keep in mind, people still had no idea why this worked. Only that it did.Twenty years later, in 1774, a farmer in England named Benjamin Jetsay contracted cowpox. All the dairy farmers and milkmaids knew if you got cowpox, you could safely nurse people with smallpox and you wouldn't get the disease. Cowpox was much milder than any form of smallpox, so this was very good. Jetsay had heard about inoculating people with smallpox, and even though he wasn't a doctor, he decided to deliberately inoculate his wife and sons with cowpox.[4]It worked.It was another twenty years before Edward Jenner caught wind of this wonderful phenomenon, and decided to stake his career as a physician on it. In 1796, Jenner gave his first trial, inoculating a child with material he gathered from a milkmaid’s pustule. He continued his inoculations, and two years later published “An Inquiry into the Causes and Effects of the Variolae Vacciniae.”[5] The book was pretty much a hit — people read it — and debated it widely — but it wasn't really accepted by the scientific community immediately. Jenner had to do a lot of work to get this idea accepted. However, he was tireless, and vaccination spread through England, and ultimately to America as well.That’s not to say it didn't have people up in arms!James Gillray's The Cow-Pock—or—the Wonderful Effects of the New Inoculation!, Library of Congress, Prints & Photographs Division, LC-USZC4-3147As you can see from the image abov,e there were those who thought that cowpox inoculation might turn you into a cow. Does this really seem much different than modern-day fears?All this — and people still thought disease was transmitted by “bad air”. Although several physicians working with microscopes had described microorganisms and implicated them in the bubonic plague (black death), smallpox, measles, rabies, and others, their work by and large just wasn’t accepted by physicians or the public.This work was probably set back in no small part due to the understandable fear of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek[6], “the father of Microbiology”, who developed a unique method of grinding lenses in the 1650s that enabled him to create microscopes of spectacular resolution. Due to a lack of patent law protection, he guarded his secrets and took them to his grave, and similar caliber instruments weren't developed for almost 200 years. This set back microbiology by about the same amount.The Geographer - by Johannes Vermeer - historians believe painting is of Antonie van Leeuwenhoek[7]It wasn’t until 1854 when a physician named John Snow, working to stem a cholera outbreak, realized that the disease must be transmitted by an agent present in water [8]— and that it was coming from feces of infected individuals. He meticulously detailed the contamination of water used for drinking and cooking with waste from infected individuals in a number of cases. Only after removing a single pump he believed infected with cholera did the epidemic in London subside.After another outbreak, he argued strenuously for filtration of water. He was convinced that people’s poop was contaminating water, and in drinking water with poop from sick individuals, everyone was getting sick and dying. Unfortunately for the citizens of London, and the world elsewhere, his ideas were slow to catch on. Why?It was too disgusting to accept.[9]How slow? Well, in 1854 the Italian scientist Filippo Pacini published a full description of the virus[10] that caused cholera, and in subsequent years further described how to properly treat the disease as well as how the disease became so deadly[11]. Somewhat later, and independently of him, scientific literature not being quite so easy to share in the 19th century, Robert Koch published his work describing the same bacterium[12] (1884).Now you would think the matter of cholera settled, right? It is, after all, 2019. We've understood how to combat this disease now for over 150 years.WHO Cholera Kit inforgaphic. [13]From the infographic: “Researchers estimate there are as many as 4 million cases each year and up to 143,000 deaths annually (2017).”OK, but what does this have to do with worldwide anti-vaccination sentiment?A lot, I’m afraid. You see, the persistence of cholera is only one symptom of the anti-vaccination sentiment that’s been around since the beginning of vaccination. The first cholera vaccination was available in the 1880s.[14] People are still afraid to get vaccinated even when they know they run a high risk of contracting and dying from cholera, a disease that has mortality between 10–90%, and can kill within 2 hours[15].2 hours.Did I mention there are vaccines for this? Now you’d think people would be MORE afraid of cholera than of vaccines, but — no. In fact, they’re not even afraid enough of cholera to wash their hands or drink bottled water consistently.[16] People are weird like that.Throughout history, and worldwide, people invoke the same reasons over and over and over for why vaccination is bad, or at least just isn't right for them.[17][18][19] [20][21] [22] [23] [24]Moral/Religious FoundationInvulnerabilityCost/Benefit Ratio isn't worthwhile* (this is complex)Fear of Bad EffectsNone of these are irrational — per se — not even the moral/religious foundation argument.Moral/Religious FoundationThis argument hasn't changed much. There aren’t that many groups [25]that claim a religious exemption to vaccination, and those that do aren’t under significant expansion in numbers. You’ve got the Christian Scientists, and some members of the Dutch Reformed church. For major religions, that’s it.InvulnerabilityCalvin of Calvin and Hobbes - being selective about accepting realityPeople are very good at this — feeling invincible. Invulnerable. That’s why 15% of Americans don’t use seat belts[26] and 43% of drivers admit to texting and driving[27] (seriously, people STOP IT!). When it comes to vaccines, a fair number of people don’t believe they or their child will actually become ill, so they forgo vaccines. This is a major factor in why people routinely travel without proper vaccinations.Cost/Benefit Ratio isn’t worthwhile* (this is complex)Costs of vaccination vary widely. Many people receive free or low-cost vaccination for children — but the money cost isn't the only cost involved. There’s time spent traveling to and from the provider. This may be fairly trivial in much of the Western world, where vaccinations can be received at any grocery store pharmacy as well as community clinic or hospital, but in developing nations it can present a huge roadblock. A parent may not want to deal with a child being feverish or cranky after vaccination after a tough night on a previous course. They may perceive vaccines as not being effective enough to justify the cost or inconvenience (this is especially true with influenza vaccines). A lot goes into the decision to actually get up and go get a vaccination — and people acting in rational self-interest don’t always weigh the factors the way those invested in public health would hope they should.Fear of Bad EffectsBy far and away, the current anti-vaccine sentiment roared to a new momentum with the 1998 study led by Andrew Wakefield that seemed to link autism to the combined measles mumps & rubella (MMR) vaccine.[28]Andrew Wakefield, Certified FraudThat study was a disaster from the moment of publication — and honestly, it wreaked havoc in far more than just vaccine science. In that same paper, now retracted, which cost Wakefield his medical license, [29]Wakefield et al. proposed the now terribly popular “leaky gut” theory that you can find all over the place — that GI disturbances from food cause a “leaky gut” which in turn leads to “bad blood” and every ailment known to mankind. All of it is modern quackery nonsense, and all of it widely embraced by far more than just those afraid of vaccines.The study was a disaster — with a selected sample size of 12, no control, and terrible statistics, The Lancet never should have published it. Publish it they did, and the damage was done. His co-authors ultimately retracted the paper, but Wakefield went on a martyr tour, selling his “leaky gut” hypothesis. After that, as they say, the horse was out of the barn, and hysterics piled on.“Thiomersal!” became the new rallying cry. As with the MMR issue, there was little scientific evidence for that hypothesis, and a lot against it.[30][31]In fact, there is only one serious research group pursuing this theory at this time, and they self-refer to their own studies most of the time, a hallmark of quack science. Moreover, even though the use of the preservative was phased out[32] in most of Europe and the U.S. after 1999, autism rates continue to rise — making the correlation hypothesis very difficult to support.This is the oldest, and most intractable of the problems — yet seemingly the most simple. Unfortunately, it goes hand-in-hand with distrust of authority, so reinforcement by peer networks is playing a large role in the spread of anti-vaccination sentiment.Combating this movement will require a good deal of public health work[33] — but it also is a responsibility of every parent and citizen. Talk to your friends and neighbors. Encourage vaccination with positive, fact-based information. When you see them spreading misinformation, don’t be afraid to point it out — tactfully. (OK, I admit — this can be hard!). Ultimately vaccination protects both individuals and the population.It’s a wonderful time we live in, when so many awful diseases can be prevented. Now, if only we can get everyone to fully appreciate how lucky we are!Now go check to make sure your vaccines are up-to-date.And get your flu shot!Don’t forget — immunizations are for adults, too!Relaxed. Researched. Respectful. - War ElephantFootnotes[1] http://Gross, C. P., & Sepkowitz, K. A. (1998). The myth of the medical breakthrough: smallpox, vaccination, and Jenner reconsidered. International journal of infectious diseases, 3(1), 54-60.[2] Smallpox: Variolation[3] The Fight Over Inoculation During the 1721 Boston Smallpox Epidemic - Science in the News[4] http:// Nicolau Barquet and Pere Domingo. "Smallpox: The Triumph over the Most Terrible of the Ministers of Death". Annals of Internal Medicine. Retrieved 2006-10-26.[5] http://Jenner, E. (1800). An inquiry into the causes and effects of the variolae vaccinae, a disease discovered in some of the western counties of England, particularly Gloucestershire, and known by the name of the cow pox. author.[6] Antonie van Leeuwenhoek | Biography, Discoveries, & Facts[7] The Geographer by Johannes Vermeer: Geography in Fine Art[8] http://Snow, J. (1855). On the mode of communication of cholera. John Churchill.[9] http://Chapelle, Frank (2005) Wellsprings. New Brunswick, New Jersey: Rutgers University Press. ISBN 0-8135-3614-6. p. 82[10] http://Pacini, F. (1854). Osservazioni microscopiche e deduzioni patologiche sul cholera asiatico. tip. di F. Bencini.[11] Who first discovered cholera?[12] http://Koch, R. (1884). An address on cholera and its bacillus. British medical journal, 2(1236), 453.[13] World Health Organization[14] http://Barrett, A. D., & Stanberry, L. R. (2009). Vaccines for biodefense and emerging and neglected diseases. Academic Press.[15] Cholera - Symptoms and causes[16] http://KOZICKI, MARKUS, ROBERT STEFFEN, and MEINRAD SCHÄR. "‘Boil it Cook it, Peel it or Forget it’: Does this Rule Prevent Travellers ‘Diarrhoea?." International journal of epidemiology 14.1 (1985): 169-172.[17] The Four Main Reasons People Don't Vaccinate[18] http://Gordon, D., Waller, J., & Marlow, L. A. (2011). Attitudes to HPV vaccination among mothers in the British Jewish community: reasons for accepting or declining the vaccine. Vaccine, 29(43), 7350-7356.[19] http://Canning, H. S., Phillips, J., & Stephen Allsup, M. D. (2005). Health care worker beliefs about influenza vaccine and reasons for non‐vaccination–a cross‐sectional survey. Journal of clinical nursing, 14(8), 922-925.[20] http://Kee, S. Y., Lee, J. S., Cheong, H. J., Chun, B. C., Song, J. Y., Choi, W. S., ... & Kim, W. J. (2007). Influenza vaccine coverage rates and perceptions on vaccination in South Korea. Journal of Infection, 55(3), 273-281.[21] http://Singleton, J. A., Santibanez, T. A., & Wortley, P. M. (2005). Influenza and pneumococcal vaccination of adults aged≥ 65: racial/ethnic differences. American journal of preventive medicine, 29(5), 412-420.[22] http://Constantine, N. A., & Jerman, P. (2007). Acceptance of human papillomavirus vaccination among Californian parents of daughters: a representative statewide analysis. Journal of Adolescent Health, 40(2), 108-115.[23] http://Darden, P. M., Thompson, D. M., Roberts, J. R., Hale, J. J., Pope, C., Naifeh, M., & Jacobson, R. M. (2013). Reasons for not vaccinating adolescents: National Immunization Survey of Teens, 2008–2010. Pediatrics, peds-2012.[24] http://Francis, M. R., Nohynek, H., Larson, H., Balraj, V., Mohan, V. R., Kang, G., & Nuorti, J. P. (2018). Factors associated with routine childhood vaccine uptake and reasons for non-vaccination in India: 1998–2008. Vaccine, 36(44), 6559-6566.[25] http://Grabenstein, J. D. (2013). What the world's religions teach, applied to vaccines and immune globulins. Vaccine, 31(16), 2011-2023.[26] Policy Impact: Seat Belts[27] Facts & Statistics About Texting & Driving (Updated for 2018)[28] http://Wakefield, A. J., Murch, S. H., Anthony, A., Linnell, J., Casson, D. M., Malik, M., ... & Valentine, A. (1998). RETRACTED: Ileal-lymphoid-nodular hyperplasia, non-specific colitis, and pervasive developmental disorder in children.[29] Doctor behind vaccine-autism link loses license | TIME.com[30] http://Gadad, B. S., Li, W., Yazdani, U., Grady, S., Johnson, T., Hammond, J., ... & Ferrier, C. (2015). Administration of thimerosal-containing vaccines to infant rhesus macaques does not result in autism-like behavior or neuropathology. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 112(40), 12498-12503.[31] http://Uno, Y., Uchiyama, T., Kurosawa, M., Aleksic, B., & Ozaki, N. (2015). Early exposure to the combined measles–mumps–rubella vaccine and thimerosal-containing vaccines and risk of autism spectrum disorder. Vaccine, 33(21), 2511-2516.[32] Thiomersal - Wikipedia[33] The International Roadblocks To Achieving Global Vaccination

I can show both that vaccines do in fact protect you AND that they are worth the risk. How? With free online statistics data and 5th grade math.The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System is a cooperative program for vaccine safety of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). VAERS is a post-marketing safety surveillance program, collecting information about adverse events (possible side effects) that occur after the administration of US licensed vaccines. This online database provides a nationwide mechanism by which these reports may be analyzed and made available to the public. The data are updated monthly and include reports received through the last Friday of the previous month. See the Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) web site for more information.No one thinks that vaccines are 100% safe. No drug is. This is why there is an entire system devoted to watching how vaccines function after they make it to market and check for safety concerns. The records of this system go back to 1990 and you can search it using a wide variety of different fields such as vaccine used, symptoms, whether they recovered, the severity of the reaction, known allergies and other medical conditions prior to vaccination, etc. It can even make tables, charts, and maps for you. For such a handy system, you would think more anti-vaxxers would reference it instead of making up conspiracies about how “Big Pharma is suppressing the truth and using vaccines as population control/making money by keeping people sick”.I did a search for all reports related to any type of influenza vaccine between January of 2014 and December of 2015.20,428 reported casesOut of those cases: 1,179 ( 5.77%) were seriousData from the CDC says:148.1 million (95% CI 146.6–149.7 million) people vaccinated against seasonal flu during July 2014 through May 2015 among the civilian, non-institutionalized U.S. population.Flu Vaccination Coverage, United States, 2014-15 Influenza Season (I added the bold)So, .014% of people who were vaccinated had some form of adverse reaction and only .0008% of those reactions were serious. If you want to know the details, you can easily put in a search for yourself: The Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting System (VAERS) RequestThat looks pretty safe to me, but does it work?CDC’s end-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates for the 2014-2015 season were presented to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) on June 24, 2015. CDC’s adjusted overall VE estimate against influenza A and B viruses for all ages was 23%. The adjusted VE estimate against influenza A (H3N2) viruses for all ages was 13%.Reduced protection against influenza A (H3N2) viruses for the 2014-2015 season was attributed to the fact that more than 80% of circulating influenza A (H3N2) viruses analyzed at CDC were different or “drifted” from the recommended influenza A (H3N2) vaccine virus….Laboratory analysis of circulating flu viruses indicated that most of the influenza A (H3N2) viruses were antigenically or genetically different than the influenza A (H3N2) vaccine virus. This is probably why there was reduced vaccine effectiveness against those drifted influenza A (H3N2) viruses. However, the vaccine worked well against about one-third of circulating influenza A (H3N2) viruses that were similar to the recommended vaccine virus and against influenza A (H1N1) and influenza B viruses.What You Should Know for the 2014-2015 Influenza SeasonWell no. It looks like the vaccine was a bad match for this year. So what about the next year?CDC’s end-of-season influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) estimates for the 2015-2016 season were presented to the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices (ACIP) on June 22, 2016. CDC’s adjusted overall VE estimate against influenza A and B viruses for all ages was 47%. The overall VE against A(H1N1)pdm09 was 41% and the overall VE against influenza B was 55%. This data is consistent with VE observed during previous seasons when vaccine viruses and circulating viruses were similar. These vaccine effectiveness estimates were derived from data collected from the U.S. Flu VE Network from November 2, 2015, through April 15, 2016…Was this season's vaccine a good match for circulating viruses?Yes. Laboratory data show that most of the circulating flu viruses were like the viruses recommended for the 2015-2016 influenza vaccines.What You Should Know for the 2015-2016 Influenza SeasonA much better match. Choosing the right vaccines for the virus is difficult since you are actually making predictions. Sometimes you get it right, sometimes you don’t. Medicine isn’t perfect and you are dealing with a “live” virus population after all. Things get complex.In this case, 50% effectiveness against a disease that used to kill people by the millions with only a .014% chance of an adverse reaction and only a .0008% chance that it will be serious? It doesn’t take a lot of skill in math to see that vaccines are a pretty good choice when comparing costs with benefits. Even if you are unlucky and the vaccine is only 13% effective, it isn’t like you are taking a big risk. However, you should do the obvious thing and check for possible allergies or other potentially complicating factors beforehand. Apart from that, the benefits of vaccines very clearly outweigh the risks, especially when you consider that there are many people who cannot be vaccinated (e.g. babies and the those with impaired immune systems) and you being vaccinated helps prevent diseases getting to them through you. Contributing to herd immunity is sort of a public duty.

I would say that we are experienceing the long term side effects as we speak, “long term” meaning that we are finally, after 60+ years of exposure, recognizing those effects in our children. Medical science now has the means to detect many neurological disorders that they once simply considered mental or neurological defects. Before the technology became available various disorders were simply grouped together. Epilepsy, for instance. Anyone having a siezure disorder was simply diagnosed as epileptic, with not much in the way of cause. Now medical science knows that there are many disorders that can cause siezures. The same goes for vaccine side effects, but that is one area that no one wants to admit to. However, the numbers alone can tell a story. In 2007 the vaccine “schedule” for children and infants accelerated…and so did the incidences of Autism.~Although this is a very long list it is in no way complete:“February 5, 2019CDC released the 2019 U.S. recommended immunization schedules for children/adolescents as well as for adults on its website.January 23, 2019FDA approved use of the 0.5 mL dose of Sanofi's Fluzone Quadrivalent influenza vaccine to include children age 6 through 35 months.January 14, 2019FDA approved expanded use of Sanofi's Adacel Tdap vaccine for a second dose in people ages 10 through 64 years of age.December 21, 2018FDA licensed pediatric hexavalent vaccine (DTaP, IPV, HepB, and Hib) developed by Sanofi and Merck; not available in the U.S. until 2020 or later.November 7, 2018ACIP published updated recommendations on use of hepatitis A vaccine for pre- and post-exposure prophylaxis for international travel.October 25, 2018The American Dental Association adopted a policy to support the use and administration of HPV vaccine for the prevention of oral HPV infection.October 8, 2018FDA approved expanded age indication for Seqirus’s Afluria influenza vaccine to include children age 6 months through 59 months.October 5, 2018FDA announced approval of expanded use of Merck’s Gardasil 9 (HPV9, Human papillomavirus) vaccine to include adults 27 through 45 years old.August 24, 2018CDC published ACIP's 2018–19 influenza vaccination recommendations.June 8, 2018CDC published ACIP's recommendations for the use of quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) in the 2018–19 influenza season.June 2018The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists issued a committee opinion on maternal immunization.May 16, 2018CDC released information about a new rapid rabies test that could save lives and lead to fewer unnecessary rabies shots.April 27, 2018CDC published a comprehensive summary of previously published ACIP recommendations for prevention of tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis in the U.S.April 20, 2018CDC published ACIP recommendations for use of hepatitis B vaccine with a novel adjuvant [Heplisav-B].April 2018The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists released a committee opinion on influenza vaccination in pregnancy.February 6, 2018CDC published the 2018 U.S. recommended immunization schedule for 0 through 18 years.February 6, 2018CDC published the 2018 U.S. recommended adult immunization schedule.January 26, 2018CDC published ACIP recommendations for use of herpes zoster vaccines.January 12, 2018CDC published updated ACIP recommendations for prevention of hepatitis B virus infection.January 12, 2018CDC published ACIP recommendations on use of a third dose of MMR during a mumps outbreak.January 11, 2018FDA approved expanded pediatric age indication for Fluarix Quadrivalent influenza vaccine.November 9, 2017FDA licensed Heplisav-B, the new hepatitis B vaccine from Dynavax, for use in adults age 18 and older.October 20, 2017FDA licensed Shingrix, the new shingles vaccine from GlaxoSmithKline, for use in adults age 50 and older.September 15, 2017CDC published updated dosing instructions for hepatitis A prophylaxis with immune globulin.August 31, 2017FDA expanded licensure of Afluria quadrivalent (Seqirus) to include people age 5 years and older.August 25, 2017CDC published ACIP 2017–18 influenza vaccination recommendations.August 2017AAP issued policy stating that newborns should routinely receive hepatitis B vaccine within 24 hours of birth.July 6, 2017CDC published a Vaccine Information Statement for cholera.June 30, 2017CDC and FDA announced new Vaccine Adverse Event Reporting website and reporting form.May 19, 2017CDC published ACIP's updated recommendations on use of Trumenba meningococcal serogroup B vaccine.May 12, 2017CDC published ACIP recommendations for use of cholera vaccine.April 20, 2017CDC published ACIP recommendations titled "General Best Practice Guidelines for Immunization" to replace the 2011 "General Recommendations on Immunization."February 7, 2017CDC published the 2017 U.S. recommended immunization schedules for 0 through 18 years; includes new “16-year-old vaccination" column.February 7, 2017CDC published the 2017 U.S. recommended adult immunization schedule.December 16, 2016CDC published ACIP's recommendations on 2-dose HPV vaccine series for younger adolescents.November 18, 2016FDA approved extending the age range for use of FluLaval Quadrivalent to include children 6 to 35 months of age.November 4, 2016CDC published ACIP recommendations for use of meningococcal conjugate vaccines in HIV-infected persons.September 27, 2016PAHO/WHO announced measles elimination in the Americas.August 26, 2016CDC published 2016–17 influenza vaccination recommendations.August 2016AAP released new policy statement that urges states to eliminate all non-medical exemptions to vaccine requirements.July 11, 2016FDA extended the age indication for PCV13 (Prevnar 13) to include adults age 18 through 49 years.June 22, 2016ACIP voted that live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) should not be used during the 2016–2017 flu season.June 15, 2016FDA approved revisions in the package insert for YF-Vax to reflect changes to International Health Regulations and WHO/ACIP recommendations.June 10, 2016FDA approved Vaxchora for the prevention of cholera.April 14, 2016FDA approved changes to vaccine administration schedule for Trumenba vaccine.February 5, 2016National Vaccine Program Office released an National Adult Immunization Plan.February 1, 20162016 U.S. recommended immunization schedules for 0 through 18 years and "catch up" published in MMWR.January 14, 2016FDA approved Hiberix for full Hib vaccine series.December 14, 2015FDA expanded Gardasil 9 licensure to include males age 16–26 years.November 24, 2015FDA approved new injectable influenza vaccine, Fluad, for use in people age 65 years and olderOctober 23, 2015ACIP published recommendations for the use of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines in adolescents and young adults.September 4, 2015CDC published updated ACIP recommendations regarding the intervals between PCV13 and PPSV23 vaccines for use in immunocompetent adults age 65 years and olderAugust 14, 2015WHO published "Recommendations on Vaccine Hesitancy" in special issue of the journal Vaccine.June 19, 2015ACIP published recommendations for yellow fever booster doses.June 12, 2015ACIP published recommendations for use of serogroup B meningococcal vaccines in people age ten years and older at increased risk for serogroup B meningococcal disease.June 8, 2015American Medical Association adopted a new policy that supports ending non-medical vaccine exemptions, including those for healthcare professionals.April 29, 2015The Pan American Health Organization declared rubella eliminated in the Americas.March 27, 2015CDC published ACIP recommendations for use of 9-valent HPV vaccine.March 27, 2015CDC published new ACIP recommendations for typhoid vaccination.March 24, 2015FDA approved Quadracel, a new combination DTaP+IPV vaccine for use in children age 4–6 years.January 23, 2015CDC's Health Alert Network issued a health advisory about a multi-state outbreak of measles linked to Disneyland.January 23, 2015FDA approved the use of Bexsero, the second vaccine licensed in the U.S. to prevent serogroup B meningococcal disease.December 19, 2014FDA approved Rapivab to treat influenza infection.December 11, 2014FDA approved quadrivalent formulation of Fluzone Intradermal inactivated influenza vaccine.December 10, 2014FDA approved the use of Gardasil 9 (Merck) 9-valent HPV vaccine in the U.S.October 29, 2014FDA approved the use of Trumenba in the U.S. to prevent serogroup B meningococcal disease.September 19, 2014CDC published ACIP recommendations for use of PCV13 and PPSV23 vaccines in adults age 65 and older.June 20, 2014CDC published ACIP's recommendations for use of MenACWY-CRM vaccine in children age 2–23 months at increased risk for meningococcal disease.May 5, 2014WHO Director-General declared the international spread of wild poliovirus in 2014 a Public Health Emergency of International Concern.April 25, 2014CDC report showed 20-year U.S. immunization program spares millions of children from diseases.March 24, 2014FDA lowered age of licensure for Adacel vaccine administration from age 11 years to 10 years.February 28, 2014CDC published ACIP recommendations for prevention and control of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease.December 20, 2013CDC published guidance for HBV protection and postexposure management of healthcare personnel.November 15, 2013CDC published new recommendations for use of Japanese encephalitisvaccine in children.September 10, 2013National Vaccine Advisory Committee released revised "Standards for Adult Immunization Practice."August 16, 2013FDA extended FluLaval IIV (GlaxoSmithKline) age range to include children and teens age 3–17 years; licenses quadrivalent FluLaval product.August 1, 2013FDA expanded age indication for Menveo (Novartis) to include infants and toddlers age 2 through 23 months.July 19, 2013CDC issued updated recommendations for use of VariZIG immune globulin for varicella postexposure prophylaxis.June 28, 2013CDC issued recommendations for PCV and PPSV vaccination of children with immunocompromising conditions.June 20, 2013ACIP voted to recommend FluBlok influenza vaccine for people age 18 through 49 with egg allergy.June 14, 2013CDC published recommendations for preventing measles, rubella, congenital rubella syndrome, and mumps.June 7, 2013FDA approved Fluzone (Sanofi Pasteur) as the third quadrivalent influenza vaccine licensed for U.S. use.May 17, 2013Booster dose of yellow fever vaccine not needed, according to WHO. A single dose of vaccine is effective in providing long-term protection from yellow fever.January 25, 2013FDA approved use of Prevnar 13 vaccine in older children and teens (6-17 years).December 18, 2012Institute for Safe Medication Practices (ISMP) launched new Vaccine Error Reporting Program.December 12, 2012FDA approved quadrivalent formulation of Fluarix (inactivated influenza vaccine; GlaxoSmithKline).November 20, 2012FDA approved first seasonal influenza vaccine manufactured using cell culture technology (Flucelvax, Novartis).October 24, 2012ACIP voted to recommend use of HibMenCY (Menhibrix, GlaxoSmithKline), a new combination (meningococcal and Hib) vaccine, in infants at increased risk for meningococcal disease.October 24, 2012ACIP voted to recommend that pregnant women receive a dose of Tdap during each pregnancy irrespective of the patient's prior history of receiving Tdap.June 24, 2012FDA approved HibMenCY (Menhibrix, GlaxoSmithKline), a new combination (meningococcal and Hib) vaccine for infants.June 7, 2012FDA expanded licensure of PCV13 to include adults ages 50 years and older.June 5, 2012U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) Office of the Inspector General (OIG) released a report titled "Vaccines for Children (VFC) Program: Vulnerabilities in Vaccine Management."April 1, 2012United Nations Foundation launched Shot@Life campaign.December 30, 2011FDA expanded use of Prevnar 13 (PCV13, Pfizer) vaccine to include people ages 50 and older.October 25, 2011ACIP recommended all 11 to 12 year-old males get vaccinated against HPV.October 21, 2011Addition of history of intussusception as a contraindication for rotavirus vaccination.August 25, 2011National survey indicated HPV vaccine rates trail other teen vaccines.August 25, 2011Institute of Medicine issued the report titled "Review of Adverse Effects of Vaccines." Overall, the committee concludes that few health problems are caused by or clearly associated with vaccines.July 8, 2011FDA approved Boostrix (Tdap, GlaxoSmithKline) to prevent tetanus, diphtheria, and pertussis in older people.May 19, 2011CDC hailed vaccinations as one of 10 public health achievements of first decade of 21st century in Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report (MMWR).April 22, 2011FDA approved the first vaccine (Menactra, meningococcal conjugate vaccine, Sanofi Pasteur) to prevent meningococcal disease in infants and toddlers.February 15, 2011HHS releases U.S. National Vaccine Plan, covers activities, goals, and priorities for 2010-2015.December 22, 2010FDA approved Gardasil HPV vaccine to include the indication for the prevention of anal cancer.August 11, 2010WHO declared end to 2009 H1N1 influenza pandemic.July 10, 2010First smallpox vaccine for certain immune-compromised populations delivered under Project BioShield.March 19, 2010ACIP recommended use of a reduced (4-dose) vaccine schedule for PEP to prevent human rabies.February 24, 2010FDA approved licensure of Pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13), which offers broader protections against Steptococcus pneumoniae infections.February 19, 2010FDA approved licensure of Menveo (Novartis), meningococcal conjugate vaccine for people ages 11 through 55 years.January 29, 2010WHO hailed new Gates Foundation support ($10 billion) as the "Decade of Vaccines."February 24, 2010ACIP recommended universal Influenza vaccination for those 6 months of age and older.February 24, 2010FDA approved pneumococcal 13-valent conjugate vaccine (Prevnar 13), which offers broader protection against Streptococcus pneumoniae.December 23, 2009FDA approved high-dose inactivated influenza vaccine (Fluzone High-Dose) for people ages 65 years and older.November 16, 2009CDC issued Health Advisory 2009 H1N1 Pandemic Update: Pneumococcal vaccination recommended to help prevent secondary infections.October 21, 2009Merck issued announcement that the company will not resume production of monovalent measles, mumps, and rubella vaccines.October 16, 2009FDA approved new vaccine (Cervarix, GlaxoSmithKline) for the prevention of cervical cancer.October 16, 2009FDA approved new indication for gardasil to prevent genital warts in men and boys.September 15, 2009FDA approved four vaccines against the 2009 H1N1 influenza virus.July 1, 2009WHO and ACIP issued recommendations on the use of H1N1 influenza vaccines.June 23, 2009HHS announced advanced development contract for new way to make flu vaccine.June 11, 2009Dr Margaret Chan, Director-General WHO, declared world now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic.May 22, 2009HHS directed $1 billion toward development of vaccine for novel influenza A (H1N1).March 16, 2009ACIP voted to recommend hepatitis A vaccination for close contacts of international adoptees from countries with high and intermediate endemicity.February 12, 2009Vaccine Court ruled that MMR vaccine, when administered with thimerosal-containing vaccines, does not cause autism.January 15, 2009HHS awarded a $487 million contract to Novartis Vaccines and Diagnostics, Inc to build a facility to manufacture cell-based influenza vaccine.December 11, 2008FDA approved changes in the schedule for administering anthrax vaccine (BioThrax, manufactured by Emergent BioSolutions) and in the route of administration.December 4, 2008FDA approved expanded indication for use of Boostrix Tdap vaccine in people ages 10-64 years.October 27, 2008National Quality Forum included the hepatitis B birth dose among its consensus standards for improving health care for mothers and newborns.June 24, 2008FDA approved new DTaP-IPV vaccine (Kinrix) for use in children ages 4-6 years.June 5, 2008FDA approved the use of Sanofi Pasteur's Tenivac tetanus and diphtheria toxoids adsorbed for adults age 60 years and older. In the original licensure, the age indication was for persons ages 7-59 years.April 3, 2008FDA approved new rotavirus vaccine (Rotarix) for use in U.S. Rotarix is a liquid and given in a two-dose series to infants from 6 to 24 weeks of age.April 2, 2008CDC issued Health Advisory in response to widespread measles outbreaks in U.S.March 14, 2008CDC updated its recommendations for administering combination MMRV vaccine.February 29, 2008CDC announced it had begun distribution of a new-generation smallpox vaccine, ACAM2000 (Acambis, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts), to civilian laboratory personnel, the military, and state public health preparedness programs.February 27, 2008ACIP voted to expand influenza recommendation to include vaccination for children ages 6 months-18 years.December 7, 2007CDC published updated recommendation for meningococcal vaccination of at-risk children age 2-10 years in MMWR.October 26, 2007ACIP voted to recommend the use of FluMist, the live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV; nasal-spray formulation) to include children age 2-5 years.October 19, 2007CDC published updated recommendations for prevention of hepatitis A virus infection after exposure and before international travel in MMWR.October 18, 2007FDA approved use of Menactra, a bacterial meningitis vaccine, in children age 2-10 years.September 28, 2007FDA approved Afluria, a new inactivated influenza vaccine for use in people age 18 years and older.September 19, 2007FDA approved use of FluMist nasal-spray influenza vaccine in children age 2-5 years.August 10, 2007CDC notified MMWR readers of revised recommendations to vaccinate all persons ages 11-18 with MCV4 at earliest opportunity.July 20, 2007MMWR notified readers that revised International Health Regulations have gone into effect for the United States.July 17, 2007HHS announced a plan to provide $175 million to assist states in pandemic influenza preparedness efforts.June 27-28, 2007ACIP voted to recommend routine use of meningococcal conjugate vaccine in adolescents ages 11-18 years.June 15, 2007HHS awarded $132.5 million to Sanofi Pasteur and MedImmune over five years to retrofit existing domestic vaccine manufacturing facilities on a cost-sharing basis and to provide warm-base operations for manufacturing pandemic influenza vaccines.March 28, 2007FDA approved an accelerated dosing schedule for Twinrix (hepatitis A and B vaccine). The schedule consists of three doses given within three weeks followed by a booster dose at 12 months (0, 7, 21–30 days, 12 months).” Historic Dates and Events Related to Vaccines and Immunization~Compared to this:“This is the sixth report by the ADDM Network, which has used the same surveillance methods for more than a decade. Estimated prevalence rates of ASD (Autism Spectrum Disorder) in the U.S. reported by previous data were:one in 68 children in the 2016 report that looked at 2012 dataone in 68 children in the 2014 report that looked at 2010 dataone in 88 children in the 2012 report that looked at 2008 dataone in 110 children in the 2009 report that looked at 2006 dataone in 150 children in the 2007 report that looked at 2000 and 2002 dataThe estimated overall prevalence rates reported by ADDM at the monitoring sites have more than doubled since the report was first published in 2007," says Dr. Li-Ching Lee, PhD, ScM, a psychiatric epidemiologist with the Bloomberg School's departments of Epidemiology and Mental Health and the principal investigator for Maryland-ADDM. "Although we continue to see disparities among racial and ethnic groups, the gap is closing," Lee says.”” U.S. autism rate up 15 percent over two-year period: Researchers say racial and ethnic disparities are narrowing~So, can anyone really look at the timeframes of the increase in infant/childhood vaccinations and the increase in childhood neurological disorders and still say there is no link? Again, I believe we are experiencing the long term negative side effects of vaccines as is evidenced by the increase in the vaccination schedule coinciding with the ever increasing incidence of Autism.