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Canada is very popular destination for students looking to gain a degree overseas, thanks to its many respected universities and its reputation as a safe and welcoming country. With consistently high levels of education spending, it boasts almost uniformly high standards of higher education, with several institutions regularly featuring among the top 100 globally.Now let us try to understand step by step why Petroleum Engineering is preferable as compared to other available courses.Oil is the oxygen that keeps our societies functioning; it is the single greatest contributor to human growth since the discovery of fire and can be found in almost every single aspect of modern day society. It also pays very well, therefore it is no surprise that Petroleum Engineering attracts many bright engineers to study its bearings.Future Petroleum engineers are charmed by the prospects of massive wealth, hefty privileges, frequent travelling, work schedules and the luxurious lifestyle that is usually associated with people working in oil companies. In fact, joining the petroleum processing profession is often viewed by many as a brave walk into a money-cult and myriad work opportunities with big multinational oil or military companies.What is Petroleum Engineering?Petroleum Engineering is the field of study that is related to the production of either crude oil or natural gas. It is part of the subsurface discipline that focuses on maximising the amount of oil from reservoirs. Petroleum Engineering has been and continues to be one of the highest paying engineering disciplines.Petroleum Engineering SalaryThe average salary is around USD $125,000 and for those with experience it can range from $170,000 to $250,000.Petroleum Engineering Universities in CanadaIf you have been embracing a great fondness for Petroleum Engineering as a preferred career, then opting to study in Canada is a great step, particularly in the big oil and gas region around Alberta. The country has made great advances in the career, thanks to the pressing needs for skilled, qualified and competent petroleum engineers who can overcome the new challenges of petroleum processing.Most of the Canadian petroleum engineering schools are located primarily around petroleum production regions while a number of Canadian oil companies conduct in-house training for petroleum engineers. There are a variety of Canadian oil processing training programs, from certificates, diplomas to engineering degrees. A student can study Petroleum Engineering atNorthern Alberta Institute of TechnologyUniversity of ReginaDalhousie UniversityUniversity of Alberta.Note: I would look at Universities in Alberta, particularly in Edmonton, as it is located near the oil patches.

Here are my top 5 habits that can improve your life if you commit to them daily…Wake up at the same time every day. Join the 4.30am club. A wise man told me: If you wake up before the sun you own the day.Journal every day. Spend 15 minutes mapping out your day, writing a short gratitude list (something you learned, someone you talked with, some small blessing in your life) and list out your top 3 worries.Break a sweat every day. Walk, ride, swim or box. The goal is to move for more than 20 minutes. It will make you feel good and clear your head.Read every day. Carry a book with you. If you have 5 minutes, take it out. Fiction and non-fiction stimulate your creative juices and make you a better writer.Practice mindfulness every day. Take 10 deep breaths before any big task. Slow yourself down. You’ll be less reactive and more present. You’ll also make better decisions.You don’t have to develop all 5 practices above, but I would encourage you to pick one and stick with it for a while. Real behaviour change takes 66 days, according to research from a study conducted at the University of London.—If you’re reading this and you would like to learn more simple, counterintuitive tools for maximising your productivity, please reach out. I’d love to connect. And, the first conversation is always on me.BEFORE YOU GOUpvote and Share so others can find it…Comment If you have something to say and don’t forget to Follow Me.

In later years, a movement (dare I say cult?) of “Compound lifts are all you need to grow your arms” has grown to take over the Interwebs.“You don’t need to do curls, rows will grow your biceps just fine.”“No triceps pushdowns are necessary. Look at this study that didn’t find a benefit. Presses are all you need.”I’m here to tell you how that group and advice like that above is very likely wrong.You should also get yourself a cup of coffee and sit back in a comfy leather chair or something. This answer takes into account pretty much everything you’ll need to grow your arms, so it’s longer than the usual Quora answer.(It’s hopefully better too.)Genericbodybuildingpic.jpgYou might now think I’m about to discredit science and the studies finding no difference between compound and isolation exercises for arm growth.You’d be mistaken.Scientific studies are the best tool we have for finding general truths in matters like these. What I however want to do is improve the way in which we understand them.There are plenty of studies that have shown adding single joint training (isolation exercises) on top of multi joint exercises (compound lifts) doesn’t further improve arm growth while keeping volume equal between groups. Here are the six studies that have used this design: [1] [2] [3] [4] [5] [6]If you only read the abstracts of these studies, the conclusions seem clear. Not a single one of them found a significant difference, so not one could conclude doing single joint work was more effective for arm hypertrophy.We need however to dig deeper. Let’s do that using the study by Gentil et al 2012 as an example.[7]It had:29 previously untrained subjects split into two groups, one of 14 and one of 15.Training for 10 weeks.Growing their flexed arm circumference and elbow flexor muscle thickness by 4–7%.Since both groups grew their arms at similar rates, in effect, the the analysis of the study is then trying to discover if there is a difference of a few percentages between groups, and if that difference exists because there is an effect to be found, or because of chance.In fact, if we look closer, we’ll see that there was a non-significant lean towards adding some single joint work:An increase in flexed arm circumference was measured at 6.58% in the single joint group vs 4.12% in the multi joint only group.An increase in elbow flexor thickness was measured at 7.05% in the single joint group vs 6.48% in the multi joint only group.Both of these measurements didn’t however reach statistical significance. Meaning it wasn’t possible to conclude they were inherent differences and didn’t happen because of chance. (We’ll get a bit further into the meaning of statistical significance further down.)The aspect of chance is important to understand. In any study done on humans, there are going to be differences between groups simply because people are different.Example: Some dude in one group may simply be Arnold reincarnate, able to grow a huge amount of muscle no matter what kind of program he follows. That result does not then happen because of anything the study controls for or because of the intervention, but because one group was “lucky” enough to include this genetic superman who improves the average of the whole group, skewing the results.Is it really a bodybuilding answer without a picture of the Austrian Oak?The term statistical power is also important to understand. It is used to describe how likely a study is to find significant results based on its design and parameters,In general, two things increase the statistical power of a study:The sample size.The effect size.In these studies on arm growth, the statistical power would increase if:There were more people in each group. This would lessen the effect of random differences between individuals.There was a larger difference between groups in hypertrophy assessments. The larger the effect, the less likely it is to be random. Even Arnold-regens have limits.The second point is why studies conducted over longer time periods are more likely to yield significant results; they should see a larger increase and difference in effect sizes.On to the topic of statistical significance:When we deem a the results of a study significant, what we’re really saying is that the probability of the results happening because of chance are less than 5%.There is however always the chance that the results were there, and would be found if the study-design itself had higher statistical power.I thus ask you: Do you think 14–15 subjects training for 10 weeks to find a difference that is at best a few percentages is likely to have high statistical power?How large would that difference have to be for it to be statistically significant?Probably pretty large, right?There’s a term for studies that are unlikely to be able to detect a significant difference. We call them statistically underpowered.Let’s look at how the results in all the 6 studies on this subject leaned non-significantly:8 estimates of muscle growth leaned in favour of the group adding some single joint work.1 estimate leaned in favour of the group only doing compounds.Furthermore, the 1 estimate that leaned against doing single-joint work was measured in a study (Gentil et al 2013) where the other (and in my opinion, more accurate) measurement leaned largely in favour, meaning its unlikely to be of much importance.Aggregating the results together, we get a difference of ~3.8% vs. ~3%.That’s a 27% difference in favour of doing some single joint training!An overview of the measurements in the different studies.27% is a big enough difference I’d rather not miss out on it, but it’s also one small enough most studies simply by the very nature of their design are never going to find, at least until we have a meta-analysis* on the subject.*In short, a meta-analysis pools the results of several studies to gain higher amounts of statistical power. Think of it like asking all your exes about their opinion on you, instead of only a few select ones.Drawing any conclusions from one set of non-significant results wouldn’t be very wise, but when it’s apparent that pretty much all results lean non-significantly in the same direction, the probability of those results reflecting reality vastly increases.You might think this answer is over. Far from it.Got that cup of coffee in your hand? You can go for a refill. I won’t go anywhere, I promise.Is this the equivalent of a woman waking up with perfect make-up? Who smiles BEFORE drinking coffee?Now that we’ve concluded adding some isolation exercises on top of compound lifts is likely to be beneficial, we need to decide how we can maximise the results from performing these isolation exercises.To do that, we’re not (yet) going to discuss which exercises to do.We’re going to do something far more important.To get bigger arms (and muscles in general) what matters most for skinny beginners isn’t which exercises we do—unless of course we’re doing something asinine like a “Mens Health Dumbbell Squat-Curl-Overhead Press combo”—but 4 other factors we’re going to name so remembering them becomes easier:ExecutionIntensityProgrammingLifestyleLet’s dig deeper into what these factors are and how we can use them to our advantage:Execution:If you do a Dumbbell curl, Barbell curl or Bayesian cable curl (my fav) is of some, but little importance. What matters more though is how you execute said curl.Are you going through a large Range Of Motion?Are you controlling the descent of the exercise?Are you actively contracting the muscle and not letting momentum do the work for you?The same can be applied to any other exercise. How you perform them matters more for muscle growth than the grip you use or the kind of machine or free-weight.(We do of course also need to consider biomechanics. A supinated chin-up is going to be more beneficial for bicep growth than a pronated pull-up because the bicep becomes more involved as we supinate our forearms. Physical reality can sadly not be hacked.)There is a magic in how we perform the exercises we do, a magic far outweighing the inherent differences between similar exercises.In other words, more important than which curl you do is how you do said curl.Intensity:We know very well from science that even trained lifters, let alone beginners, naturally tend to shy away from the painful hell that is muscular failure.In a 2017 study by Barbosa-Netto and homies, trained men were instructed to select a weight for the Bench Press they could perform 10 reps with.[8]They then came to the lab, where they were instructed to lift the same weight until absolute failure, while hyped up and pushed to the brink by the lab-coat-wearing researchers (a scenario that can’t help but make me smile).Can you guess how many reps they managed then, on average?16.The difference between what these trained subjetcs thought was super-close to failure and actual failure was on average 6 (!) reps. If you’re a beginner, that might not carry much significance. Beginners grow from literally everything. But, if you’ve been training for more than a few months and are doing the majority of your training 6 reps from failure, truth is that no matter how good the rest of your routine is, you won’t see much muscle growth.Also covered by intensity is what we in the biz like to call progressive overload.(It can be helpful to think of objective and subjective intensity. Objective intensity being the weight on the bar/stimulus on the muscles and subjective intensity being how hard we’re pushing ourselves.)If you are to continue gaining strength and size, the stimulus on your muscles needs to increase over time, be that through increasing the weight, doing more total work, ROM, or improving the technical aspect of a lift—which wouldn’t increase the weight lifted, but would increase the stimulus on the muscles, which is what after all matters for muscle growth.Subjective intensity needs to be high (but not so high it destroys our execution, which is why that’s first on this list), and objective intensity needs to increase over time.Without that happening, muscle growth is going to be slow to non-existent.Programming:There is by now pretty clear evidence that the amount of mechanical tension put on individual muscle fibres is what elicits at least the vast majority of muscle growth.[9]That mechanical tension is what we commonly track through volume. Volume is the most important part of programming for muscle growth and the only one we’ll cover here. (I’ve already written an answer on training frequency, another part of programming which you can find here.)The simplest way of tracking volume is by counting the amount of “hard sets” (meaning sets performed close to muscular failure) you do per muscle group per week.[10]This is of course not a perfect system. Different rep-ranges seem to elicit (some) growth in different muscle fibres, sets of reps under 5 don’t seem to “count” as the same amount of volume, and 3 sets of Dumbbell Tricep Kickbacks may not be as effective as 3 sets of Close Grip Bench Press because one exercise kind of sucks at eliciting mechanical tension on a large amount of fibres.But it’s the best system we’ve got.So are you doing enough volume for your arms? If you’re not training your arms with 10–15 hard sets a week as a beginner or 15–20 as an intermediate, you have a clear area of improvement.Lifestyle:“Fitness is a lifestyle bro!”Beyond awkward sayings we who are into fitness are perplexingly fond of, the importance of lifestyle is very true.Are you consuming at least 1.8 grams of protein per kg of bodyweight?[11]Are you consuming fair amounts of healthy fats and the recommended amounts of vitamins, minerals and fibre?Are you minimising the chronic stress in your life?Are you sleeping 8+ hours (or until you wake up by yourself) every night AND doing everything you can (meaning fixed-ish bed- and wake times, no pre-bed stress, minimal blue light exposure in the evening, no caffeine during the last 8 hours pre-bed) to maximise sleep quality?These factors matter a lot more than which curl or which row you do.They can make or break your results.Seems like a lot of info to gain some size on your arms, right?Well, if you’re dissuaded by all this, remember: that’s a good thing.It means you’ve got big potential for progress.There seems to be this perversion here on Quora and among beginners at large, an overcomplicated search for the best exercise for said muscle group, the one that will finally propel their gains forward.Which exercise you do matters.Choosing exercises corresponding with a muscle’s function and individual preference/”feel” can indeed make a tangible difference.But, it’s not where the biggest changes can be made for the majority of people.If you got skinny arms you wish to grow, you don’t need the perfect exercise. You need to create a better overall environment for muscle growth.Since I don’t want to be a total dweeb, (and get collapsed for not directly answering the question) here are a couple of my favourite isolation exercises for the arms that can help you gain some size:Bayesian Curl:Here’s a good article about why it’s great.Alternating Dumbbell Curl:The white t-shirt of bicep exercises, it’s boring, yet effective and a classic for a reason.Here’s a video.Close Grip Bench Press:The leather jacket of Tricep exercises, it’s a classic, yet always badass and never boring.Overhead Cable Tricep Extension:Trains the Triceps in a stretched position which possibly is a very good idea, as it could theoretically induce stretch mediated hypertrophy of the Triceps long head.At the very least, it’s a different kind of stimulus, which since different stimuli elicits more/less growth in different parts of a muscle, it’s probably very wise to include a variety of stimuli in your program.[12]Train these (or other) exercises with quality, planning and a lifestyle optimised for muscle growth and your arms won’t be skinny for much longer.More than anything though, go out there and experiment. You might find arm exercises that hit your arms specifically better than anything I come up with here.Scientific experiments may be great, but they only give us averages, and we’re all specific individuals.And remember: Keep the other factors impacting muscle growth in mind. It’s not about finding the one correct exercise or solution; it’s about tweaking all the impacting factors in your favour.Coincidentally, while I was writing this answer, a new study comparing compound lifts vs compound + isolation exercises was published, Mannarino et al 2019.[13]Its results?Biceps grew 11% amongst those performing curls and 5% amongst those only doing compound lifts (rows).That difference was large enough to be statistically significant, meaning curls will get you girls (or at least, you know, bigger biceps.)While I wouldn’t go as far as to say doing some sets of curls will literally double your muscle gains, these results are at least another reason to not skimp on direct arm training.I’m merely standing on the shoulder of giants.Or at least stocky and freakishly strong + intelligent Irish men.Meaning I did not reach all the conclusions in this answer by myself, nor did I do the math aggregating different studies (although I did double-check it). That honour goes to Greg Nuckols and the newest issue of the research review he conducts along with Dr. Eric Helms and Dr. Mike Zourdos, MASS. If you’re a weirdo like me who finds this stuff fascinating, I can highly recommend it.Footnotes[1] Single joint exercises do not provide benefits in performance and anthropometric changes in recreational bodybuilders.[2] Influence of Adding Single-Joint Exercise to a Multijoint Resistance Training Program in Untrained Young Women.[3] https://www.pagepressjournals.org/index.php/bam/article/view/7827[4] Effects of Adding Single Joint Exercises to a Resistance Training Programme in Trained Women[5] The effects of adding single-joint exercises to a multi-joint exercise resistance training program on upper body muscle strength and size in trained men - Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism[6] Effect of adding single-joint exercises to a multi-joint exercise resistance-training program on strength and hypertrophy in untrained subjects[7] Effect of adding single-joint exercises to a multi-joint exercise resistance-training program on strength and hypertrophy in untrained subjects[8] Self-Selected Resistance Exercise Load: Implications for Research and Prescription.[9] Stimuli and sensors that initiate skeletal muscle hypertrophy following resistance exercise.[10] https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326736498_Total_Number_of_Sets_as_a_Training_Volume_Quantification_Method_for_Muscle_Hypertrophy_A_Systematic_Review[11] The myth of 1 g/lb: Optimal protein intake for bodybuilders[12] What is regional hypertrophy, and how does it happen?[13] Single-Joint Exercise Results in Higher Hypertrophy of... : The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research