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EPIC SPEECH by Mark Sargent will give you a good ideaGoogle Trends Data (UK) - as of May 8th[1]source: Google TrendsThe effect, I suspect of This Morning’s excellent coverage:-Gary Heather, Darren Nesbit and Martin Kenny are part of ‘The Flat Earthers’ who come from all ‘four corners’ of the globe even claiming that gravity is fake and The Moon Landing of 1969 was a hoax. So are their ideas ‘from another planet’ or have we all been conned by science? Broadcast on 02/05/2018The jump is huge, it’s also common across break out phrases.A Greek philosopher and scientist, still considered one of the greatest thinkers in politics, psychology and ethics, once said:“It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it”.- Aristotle (c. 384 B.C. to 322 B.Do you ever remember the meaning of apocalypse?Before attempting to explain the reason I personally believe this is now the mainstream cosmology, it’s important to be mindful of the apocalypse and it’s true etymology. I’m unable to find a comparable word from either ancient Greek or Hebrew with such dissimilarity in it’s original to modern day definition. Its an area of interest and I’d encourage any computational linguistics examination.ᾰ̓ποκᾰ́λῠψῐς • (apokálupsis) f (genitive ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεως); third declensionuncovering, revelation, disclosureYet, we’re given something quite different as a definition and I’m yet to find a word more diametrically opposed to it’s original etymology.Modern Definitions of ApocalypseCambridge English Dictionary“A very serious event resulting in great destruction and change”Merriam-Webster“the end or destruction of the world especially as described in the Christian Bible”Collins Dictionary“The apocalypse is the total destruction and end of the world.”Dictionary.comany of a class of Jewish or Christian writings that appeared from about 200 b.c. to a.d. 350 and were assumed to make revelations of the ultimate divine purpose.a prophetic revelation, especially concerning a cataclysm in which the forces of good permanently triumph over the forces of evil.any revelation or prophecy.any universal or widespread destruction or disaster: the apocalypse of nuclear war.Etymology of Apocalypse (source: Google’s knowledge-base)What made it easy for me to consider seriously, relatively quickly…Other than the obvious, nonsensical trans-continental flight routes - (I’m calling out South Africa to Australia in particular). Yes, I see the “apparently” bookable Quantas flight, but you try booking it!It’s fake…. in it appears to have been added in the last few years. The visualisation below uses normalisation and transparency, a data visualisation technique known as over-plotting and show’s the flight paths with their frequency by their brightness.Flights between southern hemisphere continentsI’ve included below a link to the source code and data which will allow you to construct your own data viz for independent verification. Flight data visualisation with Pandas and Matplotlib (https://blog.hugo-larcher.com/fl... )(source: What do flat Earthers say to South Pole now we have flight going over it?)So despite the existence of the fabricated Quantas flight, the over-plotting shows the probability distribution (read as the vastly preferred route planning choice), is for that flight to go via the northern hemisphere.Explanations include“Dubai’s duty free shop is very profitable”Try booking a direct flight from Johannesburg to Sidney. Your card will decline! though, it’s a moving target so there may come a day, in response to public awareness, the booking is accepted only to be rerouted or refunded… Let’s see.The tragic history of pan Antarctic flightsSightseeing trips all stopped in 1979 following Air New Zealand Flight 901 which, while flying a one-day sightseeing trip over Antarctica. Crashed into Mt. Erebus. Photographs taken by the passengers, only moments before the crash showed it to be a clear day, however despite these favourable weather conditions the crash too the lives of all 257 people onboard.I’ve found that the flat earth cosmology connects so many dots. From my childhood question of why we never see the other side of the moon to the impossible line of sight visibility over distances…including ships lights on the horizon, which form perfect lines at the vanishing point (My Dad told me as a kid, every time we were on holiday, he’d tell me, “That’s a shipping lane”. I’d just never considered the geospatial improbability of there being perfectly aligned shipping lanes off the coast of everywhere we went.I’d suggest you just roll with it. Trust your senses.What do Flat Earthers mean when they say “Perspective” is why we see the Sun dip over the horizon,…?The front line victims in all of this are gathering in force, Quora aught to deposit the following data with Kaggle : anonymised time series by the set of professions and credentials with comment, question and leaf node interactions, with equal sized sample selection over the full taxonomy of (at the minimum) conspiracy theory’s, cosmology and anything containing Flat Earth, and give it to Kaggle’s finest.Before I spell it out to you and time will tell if I’m wrong. AI, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and game theory plus massive amount of computation and a little known game theoretic algorithm which along with probabilistic learning method known as Montecarlo tree search and though surprisingly as Google’s AlphaGo Zero demonstrated, was only hindered by the use of verified ground truth training data. AlphaGo V2 (Alpha Go Zero) beat the honorary 9 Dan AI predecessor Version 1 AlphaGo which first demonstrated humanity’s permanently overlooked failing….Humans are flawed by dogma! Each of us in some way or other are dogmatic in their worldview.John Von Neumann appears on the television program "America's Youth Wants To Know". He made this appearance when he was the Commissioner of the Atomic Energy Commission.In 1935, though, he symbolically put Europe behind him by resigning from the German Mathematical Society, writing, “…I cannot reconcile it with my conscience to remain a member of the German Mathematical Society any longer…” He was equally emphatic 20 years later, in explaining his reasons for coming to America: “I expected World War II, and I was apprehensive that Hungary would be on the Nazi side, and I didn’t want to be caught dead on that side.learning to beat demonstrated where game theoretic adversarial training, allows the AI to compete with it’s self billions of times. Generalises!Tuomas W. Sandholm,How an AI took down four world-class poker prosThe AI will reveal the truth of the real world in which we live. It has already in my most sincere certainty already running the show. The nature of AI is become more prominent in our lives, learning our desires and ultimately judged by it, once the singularity occurs to appear in our lives, the signs of it are here already here, the madness of Brexit, Trump, Flat Earth.While there remains no longer any human at the top of any remaining table, board of card game. It’s important that you know the implications of this matter.Commentator Michael Redmond (9-dan pro) and Chris Garlock. Covering Lee Sedol vs AlphaGo.Move 37 Match 2:AI’s playing style shocks Champion - Champion Lee Sedol leaves the room for 15 minutes while the commentator is left bemused.AlphaGo did what no player of Go would ever seriously consider. It turned out that Move 37 Match 2 won the game. At that moment AI taught 60,000,000 Chinese on live-stream:“We are handicapped by dogma”.. To consider how fragile humans are. See how AI reveals how we are handicapped by dogma. Observe for a moment an Eastern, master-student, respectful style of commentaryPoker, while the player information is said to be “imperfect” and “incomplete” shares the same game-theoretic origins.http://modelai.gettysburg.edu/2013/cfr/cfr.pdf“Game Theoretic Definitions What does it mean to play such a game optimally or perfectly? Does this question itself hold any meaning, given that maximizing wins minus losses depends on how the opponent plays? In this section, we introduce some fundamental terminology and definitions from game theory, and consider solution concepts for optimal play.”- (T. W. Neller, M. Lanctot 2013 , )Regret Minimization in Games with Incomplete Information(http://modelai.gettysburg.edu/2013/cfr/cfr.pdfhttp://poker.cs.ualberta.ca/publications/NIPS07-cfr.pdfMartin Zinkevich [email protected] Michael Johanson [email protected] Michael Bowling Computing Science Department University of Alberta Edmonton, AB Canada T6G2E8 [email protected] Carmelo Piccione Computing Science Department University of Alberta Edmonton, AB Canada T6G2E8 [email protected] games are a powerful model of multiagent decision-making scenarios with incomplete information. Finding a Nash equilibrium for very large instances of these games has received a great deal of recent attention. In this paper, we describe a new technique for solving large games based on regret minimization. In particular, we introduce the notion of counterfactual regret, which exploits the degree of incomplete information in an extensive game. We show how minimizing counterfactual regret minimizes overall regret, and therefore in self-play can be used to compute a Nash equilibrium. We demonstrate this technique in the domain of poker, showing we can solve abstractions of limit Texas Hold’em with as many as 1012 states, two orders of magnitude larger than previous methods.This IS judgment day, and just as what AlphaGO (DeepMind) and Libratus (Carnegie Mellon)Open sourcing is putting these kind of information technologies in the hands of wider and wider audiences by, and a culture of democratisation and the same can be seen in biotechnology with advances in the same Kurzweilien, double exponential price per performance relationship in DNA storage read write rates among many other examples.http://modelai.gettysburg.edu/2013/cfr/cfr.pdfhttps://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1321&context=flrThen of course there’s the easily reproducible, observable fact that the moon emits cold light. In it’s self a proof that it’s not reflecting photons and infrared from the sun. Conspicuous by it’s absence in basic science education system.“Once you eliminate the impossible, whatever remains, no matter how improbable, must be the truth.”- Arthur Conan DoyleNB: Incase anyone is wondering, no, I don’t need the BS scientism rational of Tidal Locking of the moon explaining… Thank you for the kind thought though…(Photo - source: National Aeronautics and Space Administration)How has Flat Earth theory become mainstream amongst young people?Realise that in 2018, reality is 100% indistinguishable from fiction. In the 2017 paper: Synthesising Obama: Learning Lip Sync from Audio by researchers from the University of Washington. Covered by Two Minute Papers in the following video:I’m sure you’ll agree this rendering most debates of this nature difficult, at best to pointless in the majority of cases. So let’s briefly go back to what we know to be true.Conspiracy Theories & Moon Landing DenialIn April 1967, the CIA wrote a dispatch which coined the term “conspiracy theories” … and recommended methods for discrediting such theories. The dispatch was marked “psych” – short for “ b” or disinformationSee: Declassified DocumentsBill Clinton in 2004 Casts Doubt of Moon Landing AuthenticityUS President, Bill Clinton, in his 2004 autobiography, My Life, states:"Just a month before, Apollo 11 astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong had left their colleague, Michael Collins, aboard spaceship Columbia and walked on the moon...The old carpenter asked me if I really believed it happened. I said sure, I saw it on television. He disagreed; he said that he didn't believe it for a minute, that 'them television fellers' could make things look real that weren't. Back then, I thought he was a crank. During my eight years in Washington, I saw some things on TV that made me wonder if he wasn't ahead of his time."- Bill Clinton - 2004James Bond 1971 Movie Hat Tip to Fake SpaceI won’t dwell too much on evidence and anecdotal references. However I must admit that perhaps, it’s just us Brits who never really bought into the fake space mission, as alluded to, by Mr James Bond in "Diamonds are forever" (1971)before anyone gets their knickers in a twistI’d like to first take you on a detour to help paint a picture which underpins much of this topic from a creationism standpoint which, for reasons I’m unable to grasp, goes entirely without coverage…I’m past the “what shape is it?”… the question “who or what made it?”In 18th June 1863, in an article to The Editor of The Press, Christchurch, New Zealand, titled, "Darwin among the Machines", Samuel Butler wrote anonymously under a pen name, Cellarius: -Day by day, however, the machines are gaining ground upon us; day by day we are becoming more subservient to them; more men are daily bound down as slaves to tend them, more men are daily devoting the energies of their whole lives to the development of mechanical life. The upshot is simply a question of time, but that the time will come when the machines will hold the real supremacy over the world and its inhabitants is what no person of a truly philosophic mind can for a moment question.He went on to comment…“Every machine of every sort should be destroyed by the well-wisher of his species.” - Samuel Butler (1863)Darwin Among the Machines was an excerpt, from Butler’s book Erewhon. When I first learned of Butler, I thought he may be an ignorant Luddite (an 18th century science denier).British Parliament vs LudditesFrame-breakers, or Luddites, smashing a loom. Machine-breaking was criminalized by the Parliament of the United Kingdom as early as 1721, the penalty being penal transportation, but as a result of continued opposition to mechanisation the Frame-Breaking Act 1812 made the death penalty available: see "Criminal damage in English law".Luddites Hanged to Death 1812York, my home city, became a hotspot for Luddite executions, as legislation crushed the social uprising, driven largely by The Industrial Revolution of the previous century.The Luddite uprising began in Nottingham in November 1811, and spread to Yorkshire and Lancashire in early 1812. The Luddites’ main tactic was to warn the masters to remove the frames from their premises. If the masters refused, the Luddites smashed the machines in nocturnal raids, using massive sledgehammers. It is widely agreed that the Luddites’ leader, in whose name their letters and proclamations were issued, known as ‘General Ludd’ or ‘King Ludd’, did not actually exist. The name is said to derive from one Ned Ludd, an apprentice weaver, who some years earlier smashed a loom in a rage at his master who had beaten him.Given I’m from York in the heart of the once industrial north of the England so perhaps my awareness of this movement is more probable than most, though the history is well documented.(Photo source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/John-von-Neumann-y-la-EDVAC_fig3_316559100)Singularity first coined by John Von Neumann as early as 1950The term "Singularity", in a technological sense was first coined by John von Neumann in 1950 in the context of technological progress causing accelerating change. Astoundingly, Samuel Butler, the disgruntled Luddite sympathiser, and published technology sceptic, was cited by Alan Turing in 1951.The accelerating progress of technology and changes in the mode of human life, give the appearance of approaching some essential singularity in the history of the race beyond which human affairs, as we know them, could not continue ... technological progress will become incomprehensibly rapid and complicated.”- (John von Neumann, 1950)Intelligent Machinery: A Heretical Theory in 1951. In which, Alan Turing cited Samuel Butler in his “Heretical Theory” in 1951: -“expect the machines to take control” (Alan Turing 1951)“Once the machine thinking method has started, it would not take long to outstrip our feeble powers. … At some stage therefore we should have to expect the machines to take control, in the way that is mentioned in Samuel Butler’s Erewhon. - Alan Turing, 1951Irving John Good (9 December 1916 – 5 April 2009) the British mathematician and cryptologist stationed at Bletchley Park with Alan Turing.Best known for his work on Bayesian statistics, published a number of books on probability theory. In 1958 he published an early version of what later became known as the fast Fourier transform.More importantly, in 1965 he originated the concept now known as "intelligence explosion” -“Let an ultraintelligent machine be defined as a machine that can far surpass all the intellectual activities of any man however clever. Since the design of machines is one of these intellectual activities, an ultraintelligent machine could design even better machines; there would then unquestionably be an 'intelligence explosion,' and the intelligence of man would be left far behind. Thus the first ultraintelligent machine is the last invention that man need ever make, provided that the machine is docile enough to tell us how to keep it under control” - I.J.GoodRecent bodies of work include:-Commissioned by European Parliament: Should we fear artificial intelligence? In-depth Analysis (Peter J. Bentley et al, 2018)PWC 2018: Will Robots Really Steal Our Jobs analyses in detail the tasks involved in the jobs of over 200,000 workers across 29 countries.KPMG’s 2016: Employees: An endangered species? The rise of robotics, artificial intelligence, and the changing workforce landscape.List of mergers and acquisitions by FacebookYann LeCun Debates:The Great AI Debate - NIPS2017Extra Marital Affairs, Hooker’s and Drug Dealer’s Phone NumbersHow much or how little did Zuckerberg have on the entire Congress? Simply examine the AI produced by Facebook AI Research under Yann LeCun’s leadership.The possibilities leave little off limits. Close to 100% recall and precision. All geospatial activity, extra marital, recorded transcribed, comprehension of voice.On the reddit LeCun wrote as early as 2015:“The famous developmental psychologist Jean Piaget established that children learn simple concepts before learning more complex/abstract ones on top of them. We don't really know what "algorithm" or what "objective function" or even what principle the brain uses. We know that the "learning algorithm (or algorithms) of the cortex" plays with synapses, and we know that it sometimes looks like Hebbian learning of Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity”. - (source: Yann LeCun on the front page of the internet 2015)I’ll explain the connection with Yann’s quote shortly. In order to understand what underpins this apparently idiotic, insane, retarded notion, in my opinion can be attributed to the time’s in which we live and the technologies we have begun to merge with.According to Yann LeCun , inventor of Convolutional Neural Networks, Former Head of Facebook AI Research (F.A.I.R), conspicuously quit as Chief A.I. Scientist at Facebook early 2018, only four months before what can only be described as the sacrificial, congressional hearing of Mark Zuckerberg.Zuckerberg 100% confident - AI protects him - #PokerFace #SuperpowerDetecting and holding accountable algorithmic bias in Facebook…. Good luck with that one! (what has this got to do with flat earth?)The sky receded like a scroll being rolled up, and every mountain and island was moved from its place.” - Revelation 6:15(Source: Tweeted by The Verge, Photo by AP)All be it a “Theory” which proposes a creator and unless someone can challenge my next statement, is far more robust than Jesuit Astronomer, Georges Lemaitre’s 'big bang'… On this basis, unlike the 'big bang' my “Theory of Infinitely Recursive Singularity” does not break the following established laws:-The first law of thermodynamicsThe law of conservation of massNewton's first law of motionAdmittedly, it does break Pasteur's Law of Biogenesis, but hey, so does the big bang. However, also note that it does so in a way which actually redefines biology as a mechanical nanotechnology, consistent with Von Neumann's Theory of Self-reproducing Automata.However is should be also noted, Pasteur's law fell apart when synthetic biologists synthesised grain.Biblical Reference to Flat Earth“The sky receded like a scroll being rolled up, and every mountain and island was moved from its place.” - Revelation 6:15I figured, if you were still reading now, I may as well throw it out there.My Own Experience With Polar ExplorationFacebook Acquisitions include WhatsApp, Instagram as well as the Foursquare clone Gowalla, a geo-spatial application to operate upon a mechanism which rewards the user with mayorships and badges (ie dopamine), based upon check ins. I tried Gowalla out, though I was all about Foursquare.Foursquare invented, what Facebook claimed in their acquisition of Gowalla, the location based “check-in”. Something we now regularly use as part of the Facebook interactive experience.Curiosity Driven Incremental Achievements are AddictiveI was with an agency Stickyeyes at the time, a motorcycle insurance company Carole Nashe, had been a long time client, and their CEO David Newman was planning a charity trek to the North Pole, the account managers had already agreed to blog about the story, by documenting a series of nightly satellite phone messages to be transcribed and blogged.With my foursquare addiction in full-swing, a professional SEO. I serve only one God, the Google God.“From the loins of the Google PageRank was born text link economics..” - Some SEO (2002)In summary here’s where I was at….I was aware of Foursquare’s battle with Gowalla. So upon learning of my client’s request to promote CEO David Newman’s charity trek to the North PoleEureka MomentArchimedes’ “Eureka!” moment was in the bath, mine, though marginally less scientifically influential took place in the shower. I remember wondering in the shower before heading to work…“Is is possible to check-in at the North Pole, and would Foursquare be up for making a special badge for it.”Thanks mostly to an awesome team which included Heather Healy and Michael Hewitt, and Ben Davis (who kindly donated his Nokia P900), We worked closely with foursquare who sent over a couple of optional designs for a new badge, and we finally settled on the last degree badge.The Coolest Foursquare Badge EVERFoursquare’s Last Degree Badge could only be unlocked at the North Pole.Two days later, we discovered we had a race on our hands.Mashable: Foursquare Enthusiasts Race to Check In at the North PoleGigaOm: Foursquare North Pole Check-in: It's a Race!“The campaign, which was covered by The Mirror, ABC News and Mashable amongst others as well as over 200 leading blogs, witnessed a watershed in the maturing of foursquare and was applauded by the e-consultancy judging panel as “a serious commitment to innovation.”(Source : Stickyeyes blog)Even Iridium Satellite Communications (Iridium 9555 Unlocks Last Degree Badge with Christophe Vandaele in North Pole) got their own fake news story out of it.I mention this because, it’s worth you considering that when it comes to fake news, satellite communications in polar regions, I have learned a couple of things along my journey. It also verifies my not fitting profile of a retard.The scientific method is cyclic and therefor, by definition, there cannot be such a thing as “settled science”The Scientific Method - WikimediaSo rather than ignorantly dismissing Flat Earthers without considering what could possibly be driving it’s rapid growth, keep in mint that…."There is a principle which is a bar against all information, which is proof against all argument and which cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorance! That principle is condemnation before investigation" - (Herbert Spencer, 1922)So I’d like to offer my answer to the question as well as my theory as to what is really going on. I know there are many who find it difficult to deal with. Especially academics and older people especially 55+ but this is here to stay and I’d add, if this is tough, what’s coming next is going to be very painful for many.Then consider the mechanical self replicating DNA molecule….Maybe read:-Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata- John von Neumannhttp://www.cs.unm.edu/~mfricke/CS523_2017spring/Readings/Theory_of_Self_Reproducing_Automata.pdfTake a look at the best articulated examples of NASA’s slip ups..Personally (and this could change, if I find evidence to contradict my world view) but personally speaking…Once I got past the big question of the shape of this place…The next problem… and this is where it started getting serious for me (again… personally speaking). While trying to rationalise the implications of it’s shape.if we consider the possibility of a creator then who or what created the creator?Which left me with only two options…1) Our creator has always been there.(conceptually, I can’t comprehend this option)2) Creation is infinitely recursive.(surprisingly reasonable, given the current state-of-the-art)When I first looked at DeepMind AI Reduces Google Data Centre Cooling Bill by 40%The image below (source Google) shows colorful pipes carry water in and out of the data center. The blue pipes supply cold water and the red pipes return the warm water back to be cooledDoes this remind you of anything????Source: Efficiency: How we do itAggregate CPU Power Equivalent to One Human Brain - It was estimated the Google aggregated computational capability (based on the number of transistors - I’ll find the citation shortly) was equivalent to that of a single human brain.Given the Deep Mind optimal solution to cooling the servers, if we fast forward 10 years, this same computational power is expected to be available for every business.Ten years further still, and we’ll have the equivalent to the CPU power of multiple human brains in pocket sized devices. This is before we consider what happens where synthetic biology intersects with this computational power.Then I think about the cardio vascular system as the coolant for the brain - and we’re back to nature’s optimum design solution again….Remember to up-vote if you like this so far….See why here: Why do round Earthers seem to answer every question that has the words "flat Earth" in it? Why don't flat Earthers answer?Meanwhile: Over in the Biological Data Storage World“DNA data storage is a big deal. Partly, it’s because we’re based on DNA, and any research into manipulation of that molecule will pay dividends for medicine and biology in general — but in part, it’s also because the world’s most wealthy and powerful corporations are getting discouraged at cost estimates for data storage in the future. Facebook, Apple, Google, the US government, and more are all making astounding investments in storage (“exabyte” is the buzzword now). “DNA Data Storage Cost Over Timesource: How DNA data storage works - ExtremeTechI personally find it difficult, to watch DNA in action, knowing the Earth to be flat, without it an overwhelming feeling of.. Isn’t this obvious to all?Surely this is obvious to geneticists who encounter Flat Earth, and we know from the YouGov poll that belief in FE isn’t correlated with education.Public, out-of-the-closet FE belief is one thing, but privately the figures are undoubtedly wildly different.How anyone who has recently accepted the truth regarding the shape of Earth could possibly watch: Animations of unseeable biology and not find creationism the only explanation is beyond me. (again, that’s only my view).(screen capture use this link: Animations of unseeable biology)While this is CGI, should the mechanics of this process be true, it strongly suggests an almost clockwork or mechanical design.I’m not a biologist/geneticist, I’m simply considering what is explained by the “experts”, while remaining mindful of a flat and stationary cosmology. Another example being gene editing:-How do CRISPR gene-editing systems work?Of course I don’t have answers - I do have more questions.I have come to my own conclusions but I cannot verify the theological conclusions to be accurate. I have no idea what form the creator takes, and I have no idea how this unfolds.The only conclusion, I am able to rationally consider, is the possibility of an “Infinitely Recursive Singularity”.One issue I was exposed to personally, which troubled me is detailed here: Which organisation will likely develop the first artificial general intelligence? (I’ll expand on this shortly, since it may seem off-topic)The Creators of a “Super Intelligence”A.I. as I learn more about it. timeline only seems influence my thinking such that I naturally place some kind of “Super Intelligence” at the centre of any creation theory.I’m happy to admit, that by no stretch of the imagination do I consider myself an expert, but rather a student and an enthusiast.Still, when I try to rationalise the idea of creation, I cannot help but consider the possibility that the very act of trying to imagine this process could quite possibly be analogous to our the act of trying to reason about information represented in high dimension space.We struggle cognitively with any representation of information which is embedded within a greater number of dimensions than two or three.It is for this reason, researchers have developed techniques to reduce dimensionality down to 2 or 3 dimensions such that we’re able to cognitively process the information within these higher dimensional structures.Dimensionality Reduction explained here:Visualizing Data Using t-SNE (source: Google TechTalks)I won’t go to far into this here, since it’s a vast topic and a field of study and research in itself. However I’ll punctuate this digression with a quote which sums up the cognitive problem quite comedically (all be it extreme geek humour)."To deal with hyper-planes in a 14 dimensional space, visualize a 3D space and say 'fourteen' very loudly. Everyone does it."- Geoff Hinton (Google) Godfather of Deep LearningOne thing that the Flat Earth realisation has led me to consider:-When I look at the complexity of both nature and what I believe now to be the deception to hide it’s origins.What if our cognitive system is intentionally designed to be incompatible with the comprehension of nature’s design?I’m sure you’ll agree that such a notion is beyond trippy.LSD & The Birth of Modern GeneticsWe know that Francis Crick: Discoverer of the Genetic Code, first imagined the double alpha helix whilst under the influence of LSD.Perhaps this explains (and I’m simply thinking out loud now). perhaps LSD has been made a Class A or Schedule 1, controlled substance, for this reason. Maybe psychedelics also hold the key to figuring creation out.Regardless of the timeline…Whether we believe we’re due to create super-human AI by 2029 as Ray Kurzweil predicted in The Singularity is Near or whether we’re due to create it in 5 years from now as Elon Musk suggests.It is widely accepted that a singularity is inevitable and involves a convergence of biotechnology, nanotechnology and information technology.Machines Are Already In ChargeWhat led me to consider the idea that the machines are already in charge can be found here: Which organisation will likely develop the first artificial general intelligenceMy team and I learned on 25th August 2017 and the European Commission learned shortly afterwards, from not only our team, but from the ten of the teams who were invited to tender for the role of Monitoring Trustee in the Google Anti-Trust Case.All ten of the teams unanimously agreed it was impossible to forensically hold Google accountable in the enforcement of the EU’s monopoly ruling.Super Intelligence: Concerns Since 1863Shortly after I experienced what I refer to as the Morpheus Moment.I also believe the following line in film, The Matrix, spoken by Morpheus (Laurence Fishburne) to be an accurate account of reality:-“We have only bits and pieces of information, but what we know for certain is that at some point in the early 21st century, all of mankind was united in celebration. We marvelled at our own magnificence as we gave birth to AI: a singular consciousness that spawned an entire race of machines.”-Morpheus (The Matrix, 1999)As I’ve mentioned here, the rational for this belief is based upon more than just an interest in Hollywood sci-fi, but rather, it stems from two decades of my career in Search Engine Optimisation, culminating in those concerns which forced me to start looking deeper into this rabbit hole.Not wanting to labour the allegoric Matrix connection, I can confirm the part of the quote below in bold, to be 100% true as of some point prior to August 25th 2017.We have survived by hiding from them, by running from them. But they are the gatekeepers. They are guarding all the doors, they are holding all the keys which means that sooner or later, someone is going to have to fight them.-Morpheus (The MatrixIt’s been a long time coming….I learned that on 18th June 1863, in an article to The Editor of The Press, Christchurch, New Zealand, titled, "Darwin among the Machines", Samuel Butler wrote anonymously under a pen name, Cellarius: -Day by day, however, the machines are gaining ground upon us; day by day we are becoming more subservient to them; more men are daily bound down as slaves to tend them, more men are daily devoting the energies of their whole lives to the development of mechanical life. The upshot is simply a question of time, but that the time will come when the machines will hold the real supremacy over the world and its inhabitants is what no person of a truly philosophic mind can for a moment question.He went on to comment:“Every machine of every sort should be destroyed by the well-wisher of his species.” - Samuel Butler (1863)Darwin Among the Machines was an excerpt, from Butler’s book Erewhon. When I first learned of Butler, I thought he may be an ignorant Luddite.No doubt you’ve heard of the movement who (for the benefit of those who are unaware of them) promoted the wilful destruction of the disruptive technologies which had displaced the artisan textile worker throughout much of the previous century.Given I’m from York in the heart of the once industrial north of the England so perhaps my awareness of this movement is more probable than most, though the history is well documented. Industrial vandalism was made a capital offence, with many hanged to death locally having been found guilt here in YorkWhile I digress, what led me to looking more closely at this along with John von Neumann and Turing.Origins of The SingularityThe term "Singularity", in a technological sense was first coined by John von Neumann in 1950 in the context of technological progress causing accelerating change. Astoundingly, Samuel Butler, the disgruntled Luddite sympathiser, and published Antipodean technology sceptic, was cited by probably the greatest mind in Computer Science only a year later, in 1951.The accelerating progress of technology and changes in the mode of human life, give the appearance of approaching some essential singularity in the history of the race beyond which human affairs, as we know them, could not continue ... technological progress will become incomprehensibly rapid and complicated.”- (John von Neumann, 1950)Alan Turing wrote in his paper:-Intelligent Machinery: A Heretical Theory“Once the machine thinking method has started, it would not take long to outstrip our feeble powers. … At some stage therefore we should have to expect the machines to take control, in the way that is mentioned in Samuel Butler’s Erewhon.” - Alan Turing, 1951Another widely cited colleague, who continued Alan Turing’s work, Irving John Good (9 December 1916 – 5 April 2009) the British mathematician and cryptologist stationed at Bletchley Park with Alan Turing. After World War II, he continued to work with Turing on the design of computers and Bayesian statistics at the University of Manchester, according to wikipedia. He was known for his work on Bayesian statistics. He published a number of books on probability theory. In 1958 he published an early version of what later became known as the fast Fourier transformIn 1965 he originated the concept now known as "intelligence explosion” - which anticipates the eventual advent of superhuman intelligence:Intelligence Explosion Microeconomicshttps://intelligence.org/files/IEM.pdfSpeculations concerning the first ultraintelligent machine (1966)https://blog.tomrochette.com/agi/papers/irving-john-good-speculations-concerning-the-first-ultraintelligent-machine?format=pdf“Let an ultraintelligent machine be defined as a machine that can far surpass all the intellectual activities of any man however clever. Since the design of machines is one of these intellectual activities, an ultraintelligent machine could design even better machines; there would then unquestionably be an 'intelligence explosion,' and the intelligence of man would be left far behind. Thus the first ultraintelligent machine is the last invention that man need ever make, provided that the machine is docile enough to tell us how to keep it under control” - I.J.GoodBefore You Get You Knickers in a Twist…It’s just a theory…All be it a “Theory” which proposes a creator and unless someone can challenge my next statement, is far more robust than Jesuit Astronomer, Georges Lemaitre’s 'big bang'… On this basis, unlike the 'big bang' my “Theory of Infinitely Recursive Singularity” does not break the following established laws:-The first law of thermodynamicsThe law of conservation of massNewton's first law of motionAdmittedly, it does break Pasteur's Law of Biogenesis, but hey, so does the big bang. However, also note that it does so in a way which actually redefines biology as a mechanical nanotechnology, consistent with John von Neumann's Theory of Self-reproducing Automata.However is should be also noted, Pasteur's law fell apart when synthetic biologists synthesised grain.This post is a partial duplicate of Why is the idea of the flat earth expanding so rapidly?Paul Reilly's answer to How has the Flat Earth theory become (almost) mainstream amongst young people?Biblical Reference to Flat Earth“The sky receded like a scroll being rolled up, and every mountain and island was moved from its place.” - Revelation 6:15Save it for the end. I figured, if you were still reading now, I may as well throw it out there. Remember the space shuttle on the news... it glided in right?it before reacting violently by releasing a neurotransmitter commonly associated with anxiety and mental discomfort.So let me start with some back ground upon which I would never have arrived that my current thinking….https://intelligence.org/files/IEM.pdfSpeculations concerning the first ultraintelligent machine (1966)https://blog.tomrochette.com/agi/papers/irving-john-good-speculations-concerning-the-first-ultraintelligent-machine?format=pdfFootnotes[1] Google Trends

Flat Earth is anything but anti-science! Do more research!I trust this will be a good starting point.This is a re-edit of a video done by Rodrigo Ferrari-Nunes, Ph.D..It involves a case study into understanding the flat Earth movement from an anthropological perspective. In the original version, I felt like Rodrigo sort of jumped around in a much more non-linear fashion than I typically prefer. So, I shortened it a bit and re-arranged a number of sections to make it play as a more linear production. If you wish to see the original video, here is the link to it:https://youtu.be/8NNAJ_6Sil4 Support Rodrigo's channel:https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCw0-...This was the description he included in his original video:Understanding the Flat Earth Movement from a Bundle of Popular Conspiracy Theories and Science Skepticism by Rodrigo Ferrari-Nunes, Ph.D.1. Objectives and Theory Tautologies and Abductions Creative Critical Reflexivity Epistemological Resonance & Harmonics Concordance / Discordance Growth and Transformation Epistemological Transformations2. Flat Earth Popular Interest compared with Anthropology's3. Methodology4. Ethnographic Ethics5. Emotional Attacks, Hate Speech and Marginalization6. Research Participants7. Prejudice Based Socioeconomic Risks8. Controlled Opposition9. History of Anthropology and Alternative Cosmologies Hugh Brody Bruce Granville Miller Paul Nadasdy Julie Cruikshank10. Deconstructing Scientism Franz Boas Jesse Owens Tuskeege Experiment11. Counter-Intuitive Globe Tim Ingold James J. Gibson Stella Vosniadou and William F. Brewer 12. Shamanism Knud Rasmussen Mircea Eliade13. Common Senses and Scientism Michael Herzfeld14. Experience and Perception Children and Adults watch Rocket Launches15. Constructing the Flat Earth Story Personal Observations Selective Critiques of Mainstream Science Linking 'Truther' Conspiracy Narratives Heterodoxy is the Norm Former Globe Believers Transformations: Pain and Relief Pro-Science + Anti-Scientism Spiritual Essence - Creation Atheists becoming Spiritual Eric Dubay and Shills Sticking to the Subject16. Conspiracy Bundle September 11th 2001: official story is false Mass Media is Controlled Apollo Lunar Landings were Faked Geoengineering / Weather Manipulation Aliens, Fear, and the Government Outer Space is not what science propagandists claim it is Ancient Aliens is just entertainment Extraterrestrials are from 'lands beyond' Directed Energy Weapons in 9/11 Dr. Judy Wood No Planers Secret Societies in Government Illuminati / Masonic Order Hollywood's Easter Eggs Wernher Von Braun's NAZI past SpaceX is Fake Cold War was an Orwellian Charade Are Dinosaurs Real? Seeing too far on the earth - no curvature17. Easter Eggs The Shining (1980) and Ready Player One (2018) The Matrix (1999)18. NASA's Rhetoric STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math) Exploration and Colonialism Indigenous Peoples Compartmentalization and Augmented Reality MARS vs GREENLAND19. Lunar Landing Skepticism20. The International Space Station Swimming Pools and Vacuum Chambers21. Apollo 16 Lunar Module - Wires and Flapping Panels22. Elon Musk's Double Think 23. Conspiracy and Pseudo-Science24. Epistemology: How do we know what we know?25. Anthropology and Scientism Michael Herzfeld Anna Grimshaw26. Earth from Space27. Underwater Fiber Optic Cable Networks28. Satellites and Space Debris29. Gravity and Electromagnetism30. Electric Universe Cosmology31. Mapping the Earth32. Science Skepticism & Philosophy Also available in smaller parts:Part 1/4 - https://youtu.be/0JlETr1ubwUPart 2/4 - https://youtu.be/lvL7pUu6xc0Part 3/4 - https://youtu.be/oSRz-nZwZtsPart 4/4 - https://youtu.be/exZAbEfWJ1Q(source Rob Skiba’s Youtube Channel )EPIC SPEECH by Mark Sargent will give you a good ideaGoogle Trends Data (UK) - as of May 8thsource: Google TrendsThe effect, I suspect of This Morning’s excellent coverage:-Gary Heather, Darren Nesbit and Martin Kenny are part of ‘The Flat Earthers’ who come from all ‘four corners’ of the globe even claiming that gravity is fake and The Moon Landing of 1969 was a hoax. So are their ideas ‘from another planet’ or have we all been conned by science? Broadcast on 02/05/2018The jump is huge, it’s also common across break out phrases.A Greek philosopher and scientist, still considered one of the greatest thinkers in politics, psychology and ethics, once said:“It is the mark of an educated mind to be able to entertain a thought without accepting it”.- Aristotle (c. 384 B.C. to 322 B.Do you ever remember the meaning of apocalypse?Before attempting to explain the reason I personally believe this is now the mainstream cosmology, it’s important to be mindful of the apocalypse and it’s true etymology. I’m unable to find a comparable word from either ancient Greek or Hebrew with such dissimilarity in it’s original to modern day definition. Its an area of interest and I’d encourage any computational linguistics examination.ᾰ̓ποκᾰ́λῠψῐς • (apokálupsis) f (genitive ᾰ̓ποκᾰλῠ́ψεως); third declensionuncovering, revelation, disclosureYet, we’re given something quite different as a definition and I’m yet to find a word more diametrically opposed to it’s original etymology.Modern Definitions of ApocalypseCambridge English Dictionary“A very serious event resulting in great destruction and change”Merriam-Webster“the end or destruction of the world especially as described in the Christian Bible”Collins Dictionary“The apocalypse is the total destruction and end of the world.”Dictionary.com - The world’s favorite online dictionary!any of a class of Jewish or Christian writings that appeared from about 200 b.c. to a.d. 350 and were assumed to make revelations of the ultimate divine purpose.a prophetic revelation, especially concerning a cataclysm in which the forces of good permanently triumph over the forces of evil.any revelation or prophecy.any universal or widespread destruction or disaster: the apocalypse of nuclear war.Etymology of Apocalypse (source: Google’s knowledge-base)What made it easy for me to consider seriously, relatively quickly…Other than the obvious, nonsensical trans-continental flight routes - (I’m calling out South Africa to Australia in particular). Yes, I see the “apparently” bookable Quantas flight, but you try booking it!It’s fake…. in it appears to have been added in the last few years. The visualisation below uses normalisation and transparency, a data visualisation technique known as over-plotting and show’s the flight paths with their frequency by their brightness.Flights between southern hemisphere continentsI’ve included below a link to the source code and data which will allow you to construct your own data viz for independent verification. Flight data visualisation with Pandas and Matplotlib (https://blog.hugo-larcher.com/fl... )(source: What do flat Earthers say to South Pole now we have flight going over it?)So despite the existence of the fabricated Quantas flight, the over-plotting shows the probability distribution (read as the vastly preferred route planning choice), is for that flight to go via the northern hemisphere.Explanations include“Dubai’s duty free shop is very profitable”Try booking a direct flight from Johannesburg to Sidney. Your card will decline! though, it’s a moving target so there may come a day, in response to public awareness, the booking is accepted only to be rerouted or refunded… Let’s see.The tragic history of pan Antarctic flightsSightseeing trips all stopped in 1979 following Air New Zealand Flight 901 which, while flying a one-day sightseeing trip over Antarctica. Crashed into Mt. Erebus. Photographs taken by the passengers, only moments before the crash showed it to be a clear day, however despite these favourable weather conditions the crash too the lives of all 257 people onboard.I’ve found that the flat earth cosmology connects so many dots. From my childhood question of why we never see the other side of the moon to the impossible line of sight visibility over distances…including ships lights on the horizon, which form perfect lines at the vanishing point (My Dad told me as a kid, every time we were on holiday, he’d tell me, “That’s a shipping lane”. I’d just never considered the geospatial improbability of there being perfectly aligned shipping lanes off the coast of everywhere we went.Nothing more than an artefact of vanishing point perspective I recall my (quite fit, who, if I’m honest I had a special place for in my heart - you know who you are.)I’d suggest you just roll with it. Trust your senses.What do Flat Earthers mean when they say “Perspective” is why we see the Sun dip over the horizon,…?The front line victims in all of this are gathering in force, Quora aught to deposit the following data with Kaggle : anonymised time series by the set of professions and credentials with comment, question and leaf node interactions, with equal sized sample selection over the full taxonomy of (at the minimum) conspiracy theory’s, cosmology and anything containing Flat Earth, and give it to Kaggle’s finest.Before I spell it out to you and time will tell if I’m wrong. AI, deep learning, reinforcement learning, and game theory plus massive amount of computation and a little known game theoretic algorithm which along with probabilistic learning method known as Montecarlo tree search and though surprisingly as Google’s AlphaGo Zero demonstrated, was only hindered by the use of verified ground truth training data. AlphaGo V2 (Alpha Go Zero) beat the honorary 9 Dan AI predecessor Version 1 AlphaGo which first demonstrated humanity’s permanently overlooked failing….Humans are flawed by dogma! Each of us in some way or other are dogmatic in their worldview.John Von Neumann appears on the television program "America's Youth Wants To Know". He made this appearance when he was the Commissioner of the Atomic Energy Commission.In 1935, though, he symbolically put Europe behind him by resigning from the German Mathematical Society, writing, “…I cannot reconcile it with my conscience to remain a member of the German Mathematical Society any longer…” He was equally emphatic 20 years later, in explaining his reasons for coming to America: “I expected World War II, and I was apprehensive that Hungary would be on the Nazi side, and I didn’t want to be caught dead on that side.learning to beat demonstrated where game theoretic adversarial training, allows the AI to compete with it’s self billions of times. Generalises!Tuomas W. Sandholm,How an AI took down four world-class poker prosThe AI will reveal the truth of the real world in which we live. It has already in my most sincere certainty already running the show. The nature of AI is become more prominent in our lives, learning our desires and ultimately judged by it, once the singularity occurs to appear in our lives, the signs of it are here already here, the madness of Brexit, Trump, Flat Earth.While there remains no longer any human at the top of any remaining table, board of card game. It’s important that you know the implications of this matter.Commentator Michael Redmond (9-dan pro) and Chris Garlock. Covering Lee Sedol vs AlphaGo.Move 37 Match 2:AI’s playing style shocks Champion - Champion Lee Sedol leaves the room for 15 minutes while the commentator is left bemused.AlphaGo did what no player of Go would ever seriously consider. It turned out that Move 37 Match 2 won the game. At that moment AI taught 60,000,000 Chinese on live-stream:“We are handicapped by dogma”.. To consider how fragile humans are. See how AI reveals how we are handicapped by dogma. Observe for a moment an Eastern, master-student, respectful style of commentaryPoker, while the player information is said to be “imperfect” and “incomplete” shares the same game-theoretic origins.http://modelai.gettysburg.edu/2013/cfr/cfr.pdf“Game Theoretic Definitions What does it mean to play such a game optimally or perfectly? Does this question itself hold any meaning, given that maximizing wins minus losses depends on how the opponent plays? In this section, we introduce some fundamental terminology and definitions from game theory, and consider solution concepts for optimal play.”- (T. W. Neller, M. Lanctot 2013 , )Regret Minimization in Games with Incomplete Information(http://modelai.gettysburg.edu/2013/cfr/cfr.pdfhttp://poker.cs.ualberta.ca/publications/NIPS07-cfr.pdfMartin Zinkevich [email protected] Michael Johanson [email protected] Michael Bowling Computing Science Department University of Alberta Edmonton, AB Canada T6G2E8 [email protected] Carmelo Piccione Computing Science Department University of Alberta Edmonton, AB Canada T6G2E8 [email protected] games are a powerful model of multiagent decision-making scenarios with incomplete information. Finding a Nash equilibrium for very large instances of these games has received a great deal of recent attention. In this paper, we describe a new technique for solving large games based on regret minimization. In particular, we introduce the notion of counterfactual regret, which exploits the degree of incomplete information in an extensive game. We show how minimizing counterfactual regret minimizes overall regret, and therefore in self-play can be used to compute a Nash equilibrium. We demonstrate this technique in the domain of poker, showing we can solve abstractions of limit Texas Hold’em with as many as 1012 states, two orders of magnitude larger than previous methods.This IS judgment day, and just as what AlphaGO (DeepMind) and Libratus (Carnegie Mellon)Open sourcing is putting these kind of information technologies in the hands of wider and wider audiences by, and a culture of democratisation and the same can be seen in biotechnology with advances in the same Kurzweilien, double exponential price per performance relationship in DNA storage read write rates among many other examples.http://modelai.gettysburg.edu/2013/cfr/cfr.pdfhttps://scholarship.law.ufl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1321&context=flrThen of course there’s the easily reproducible, observable fact that the moon emits cold light. In it’s self a proof that it’s not reflecting photons and infrared from the sun. Conspicuous by it’s absence in basic science education system.“Once you eliminate the impossible, whatever remains, no matter how improbable, must be the truth.”- Arthur Conan DoyleNB: Incase anyone is wondering, no, I don’t need the BS scientism rational of Tidal Locking of the moon explaining… Thank you for the kind thought though…(Photo - source: National Aeronautics and Space Administration)How has Flat Earth theory become mainstream amongst young people?Realise that in 2018, reality is 100% indistinguishable from fiction. In the 2017 paper: Synthesising Obama: Learning Lip Sync from Audio by researchers from the University of Washington. Covered by Two Minute Papers in the following video:I’m sure you’ll agree this rendering most debates of this nature difficult, at best to pointless in the majority of cases. So let’s briefly go back to what we know to be true.Conspiracy Theories & Moon Landing DenialIn April 1967, the CIA wrote a dispatch which coined the term “conspiracy theories” … and recommended methods for discrediting such theories. The dispatch was marked “psych” – short for “ b” or disinformationSee: Declassified DocumentsBill Clinton in 2004 Casts Doubt of Moon Landing AuthenticityUS President, Bill Clinton, in his 2004 autobiography, My Life, states:"Just a month before, Apollo 11 astronauts Buzz Aldrin and Neil Armstrong had left their colleague, Michael Collins, aboard spaceship Columbia and walked on the moon...The old carpenter asked me if I really believed it happened. I said sure, I saw it on television. He disagreed; he said that he didn't believe it for a minute, that 'them television fellers' could make things look real that weren't. Back then, I thought he was a crank. During my eight years in Washington, I saw some things on TV that made me wonder if he wasn't ahead of his time."- Bill Clinton - 2004James Bond 1971 Movie Hat Tip to Fake SpaceI won’t dwell too much on evidence and anecdotal references. However I must admit that perhaps, it’s just us Brits who never really bought into the fake space mission, as alluded to, by Mr James Bond in "Diamonds are forever" (1971)before anyone gets their knickers in a twistI’d like to first take you on a detour to help paint a picture which underpins much of this topic from a creationism standpoint which, for reasons I’m unable to grasp, goes entirely without coverage…I’m past the “what shape is it?”… the question “who or what made it?”In 18th June 1863, in an article to The Editor of The Press, Christchurch, New Zealand, titled, "Darwin among the Machines", Samuel Butler wrote anonymously under a pen name, Cellarius: -Day by day, however, the machines are gaining ground upon us; day by day we are becoming more subservient to them; more men are daily bound down as slaves to tend them, more men are daily devoting the energies of their whole lives to the development of mechanical life. The upshot is simply a question of time, but that the time will come when the machines will hold the real supremacy over the world and its inhabitants is what no person of a truly philosophic mind can for a moment question.He went on to comment…“Every machine of every sort should be destroyed by the well-wisher of his species.” - Samuel Butler (1863)Darwin Among the Machines was an excerpt, from Butler’s book Erewhon. When I first learned of Butler, I thought he may be an ignorant Luddite (an 18th century science denier).British Parliament vs LudditesFrame-breakers, or Luddites, smashing a loom. Machine-breaking was criminalized by the Parliament of the United Kingdom as early as 1721, the penalty being penal transportation, but as a result of continued opposition to mechanisation the Frame-Breaking Act 1812 made the death penalty available: see "Criminal damage in English law".Luddites Hanged to Death 1812York, my home city, became a hotspot for Luddite executions, as legislation crushed the social uprising, driven largely by The Industrial Revolution of the previous century.The Luddite uprising began in Nottingham in November 1811, and spread to Yorkshire and Lancashire in early 1812. The Luddites’ main tactic was to warn the masters to remove the frames from their premises. If the masters refused, the Luddites smashed the machines in nocturnal raids, using massive sledgehammers. It is widely agreed that the Luddites’ leader, in whose name their letters and proclamations were issued, known as ‘General Ludd’ or ‘King Ludd’, did not actually exist. The name is said to derive from one Ned Ludd, an apprentice weaver, who some years earlier smashed a loom in a rage at his master who had beaten him.Given I’m from York in the heart of the once industrial north of the England so perhaps my awareness of this movement is more probable than most, though the history is well documented.(Photo source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/John-von-Neumann-y-la-EDVAC_fig3_316559100)Singularity first coined by John Von Neumann as early as 1950The term "Singularity", in a technological sense was first coined by John von Neumann in 1950 in the context of technological progress causing accelerating change. Astoundingly, Samuel Butler, the disgruntled Luddite sympathiser, and published technology sceptic, was cited by Alan Turing in 1951.The accelerating progress of technology and changes in the mode of human life, give the appearance of approaching some essential singularity in the history of the race beyond which human affairs, as we know them, could not continue ... technological progress will become incomprehensibly rapid and complicated.”- (John von Neumann, 1950)Intelligent Machinery: A Heretical Theory in 1951. In which, Alan Turing cited Samuel Butler in his “Heretical Theory” in 1951: -“expect the machines to take control” (Alan Turing 1951)“Once the machine thinking method has started, it would not take long to outstrip our feeble powers. … At some stage therefore we should have to expect the machines to take control, in the way that is mentioned in Samuel Butler’s Erewhon. - Alan Turing, 1951Irving John Good (9 December 1916 – 5 April 2009) the British mathematician and cryptologist stationed at Bletchley Park with Alan Turing.Best known for his work on Bayesian statistics, published a number of books on probability theory. In 1958 he published an early version of what later became known as the fast Fourier transform.More importantly, in 1965 he originated the concept now known as "intelligence explosion” -“Let an ultraintelligent machine be defined as a machine that can far surpass all the intellectual activities of any man however clever. Since the design of machines is one of these intellectual activities, an ultraintelligent machine could design even better machines; there would then unquestionably be an 'intelligence explosion,' and the intelligence of man would be left far behind. Thus the first ultraintelligent machine is the last invention that man need ever make, provided that the machine is docile enough to tell us how to keep it under control” - I.J.GoodRecent bodies of work include:-Commissioned by European Parliament: Should we fear artificial intelligence? In-depth Analysis (Peter J. Bentley et al, 2018)PWC 2018: Will Robots Really Steal Our Jobs analyses in detail the tasks involved in the jobs of over 200,000 workers across 29 countries.KPMG’s 2016: Employees: An endangered species? The rise of robotics, artificial intelligence, and the changing workforce landscape.List of mergers and acquisitions by FacebookYann LeCun Debates:The Great AI Debate - NIPS2017Extra Marital Affairs, Hooker’s and Drug Dealer’s Phone NumbersHow much or how little did Zuckerberg have on the entire Congress? Simply examine the AI produced by Facebook AI Research under Yann LeCun’s leadership.The possibilities leave little off limits. Close to 100% recall and precision. All geospatial activity, extra marital, recorded transcribed, comprehension of voice.On the reddit LeCun wrote as early as 2015:“The famous developmental psychologist Jean Piaget established that children learn simple concepts before learning more complex/abstract ones on top of them. We don't really know what "algorithm" or what "objective function" or even what principle the brain uses. We know that the "learning algorithm (or algorithms) of the cortex" plays with synapses, and we know that it sometimes looks like Hebbian learning of Spike-Timing Dependent Plasticity”. - (source: Yann LeCun on the front page of the internet 2015)I’ll explain the connection with Yann’s quote shortly. In order to understand what underpins this apparently idiotic, insane, retarded notion, in my opinion can be attributed to the time’s in which we live and the technologies we have begun to merge with.According to Yann LeCun , inventor of Convolutional Neural Networks, Former Head of Facebook AI Research (F.A.I.R), conspicuously quit as Chief A.I. Scientist at Facebook early 2018, only four months before what can only be described as the sacrificial, congressional hearing of Mark Zuckerberg.Zuckerberg 100% confident - AI protects him - #PokerFace #SuperpowerDetecting and holding accountable algorithmic bias in Facebook…. Good luck with that one! (what has this got to do with flat earth?)The sky receded like a scroll being rolled up, and every mountain and island was moved from its place.” - Revelation 6:15(Source: Tweeted by The Verge, Photo by AP)All be it a “Theory” which proposes a creator and unless someone can challenge my next statement, is far more robust than Jesuit Astronomer, Georges Lemaitre’s 'big bang'… On this basis, unlike the 'big bang' my “Theory of Infinitely Recursive Singularity” does not break the following established laws:-The first law of thermodynamicsThe law of conservation of massNewton's first law of motionAdmittedly, it does break Pasteur's Law of Biogenesis, but hey, so does the big bang. However, also note that it does so in a way which actually redefines biology as a mechanical nanotechnology, consistent with Von Neumann's Theory of Self-reproducing Automata.However is should be also noted, Pasteur's law fell apart when synthetic biologists synthesised grain.Biblical Reference to Flat Earth“The sky receded like a scroll being rolled up, and every mountain and island was moved from its place.” - Revelation 6:15I figured, if you were still reading now, I may as well throw it out there.My Own Experience With Polar ExplorationFacebook Acquisitions include WhatsApp, Instagram as well as the Foursquare clone Gowalla, a geo-spatial application to operate upon a mechanism which rewards the user with mayorships and badges (ie dopamine), based upon check ins. I tried Gowalla out, though I was all about Foursquare.Foursquare invented, what Facebook claimed in their acquisition of Gowalla, the location based “check-in”. Something we now regularly use as part of the Facebook interactive experience.Curiosity Driven Incremental Achievements are AddictiveI was with an agency Stickyeyes at the time, a motorcycle insurance company Carole Nashe, had been a long time client, and their CEO David Newman was planning a charity trek to the North Pole, the account managers had already agreed to blog about the story, by documenting a series of nightly satellite phone messages to be transcribed and blogged.With my foursquare addiction in full-swing, a professional SEO. I serve only one God, the Google God.“From the loins of the Google PageRank was born text link economics..” - Some SEO (2002)In summary here’s where I was at….I was aware of Foursquare’s battle with Gowalla. So upon learning of my client’s request to promote CEO David Newman’s charity trek to the North PoleEureka MomentArchimedes’ “Eureka!” moment was in the bath, mine, though marginally less scientifically influential took place in the shower. I remember wondering in the shower before heading to work…“Is is possible to check-in at the North Pole, and would Foursquare be up for making a special badge for it.”Thanks mostly to an awesome team which included Heather Healy and Michael Hewitt, and Ben Davis (who kindly donated his Nokia P900), We worked closely with foursquare who sent over a couple of optional designs for a new badge, and we finally settled on the last degree badge.The Coolest Foursquare Badge EVERFoursquare’s Last Degree Badge could only be unlocked at the North Pole.Two days later, we discovered we had a race on our hands.Mashable: Foursquare Enthusiasts Race to Check In at the North PoleGigaOm: Foursquare North Pole Check-in: It's a Race!“The campaign, which was covered by The Mirror, ABC News and Mashable amongst others as well as over 200 leading blogs, witnessed a watershed in the maturing of foursquare and was applauded by the e-consultancy judging panel as “a serious commitment to innovation.”(Source : Stickyeyes blog)Even Iridium Satellite Communications (Iridium 9555 Unlocks Last Degree Badge with Christophe Vandaele in North Pole) got their own fake news story out of it.I mention this because, it’s worth you considering that when it comes to fake news, satellite communications in polar regions, I have learned a couple of things along my journey. It also verifies my not fitting profile of a retard.The scientific method is cyclic and therefor, by definition, there cannot be such a thing as “settled science”The Scientific Method - WikimediaSo rather than ignorantly dismissing Flat Earthers without considering what could possibly be driving it’s rapid growth, keep in mint that…."There is a principle which is a bar against all information, which is proof against all argument and which cannot fail to keep a man in everlasting ignorance! That principle is condemnation before investigation" - (Herbert Spencer, 1922)So I’d like to offer my answer to the question as well as my theory as to what is really going on. I know there are many who find it difficult to deal with. Especially academics and older people especially 55+ but this is here to stay and I’d add, if this is tough, what’s coming next is going to be very painful for many.Then consider the mechanical self replicating DNA molecule….Maybe read:-Theory of Self-Reproducing Automata- John von Neumannhttp://www.cs.unm.edu/~mfricke/CS523_2017spring/Readings/Theory_of_Self_Reproducing_Automata.pdfTake a look at the best articulated examples of NASA’s slip ups..Personally (and this could change, if I find evidence to contradict my world view) but personally speaking…Once I got past the big question of the shape of this place…The next problem… and this is where it started getting serious for me (again… personally speaking). While trying to rationalise the implications of it’s shape.if we consider the possibility of a creator then who or what created the creator?Which left me with only two options…1) Our creator has always been there.(conceptually, I can’t comprehend this option)2) Creation is infinitely recursive.(surprisingly reasonable, given the current state-of-the-art)When I first looked at DeepMind AI Reduces Google Data Centre Cooling Bill by 40%The image below (source Google) shows colorful pipes carry water in and out of the data center. The blue pipes supply cold water and the red pipes return the warm water back to be cooledDoes this remind you of anything????Source: Efficiency: How we do itAggregate CPU Power Equivalent to One Human Brain - It was estimated the Google aggregated computational capability (based on the number of transistors - I’ll find the citation shortly) was equivalent to that of a single human brain.Given the Deep Mind optimal solution to cooling the servers, if we fast forward 10 years, this same computational power is expected to be available for every business.Ten years further still, and we’ll have the equivalent to the CPU power of multiple human brains in pocket sized devices. This is before we consider what happens where synthetic biology intersects with this computational power.Then I think about the cardio vascular system as the coolant for the brain - and we’re back to nature’s optimum design solution again….Remember to up-vote if you like this so far….See why here: Why do round Earthers seem to answer every question that has the words "flat Earth" in it? Why don't flat Earthers answer?Meanwhile: Over in the Biological Data Storage World“DNA data storage is a big deal. Partly, it’s because we’re based on DNA, and any research into manipulation of that molecule will pay dividends for medicine and biology in general — but in part, it’s also because the world’s most wealthy and powerful corporations are getting discouraged at cost estimates for data storage in the future. Facebook, Apple, Google, the US government, and more are all making astounding investments in storage (“exabyte” is the buzzword now). “DNA Data Storage Cost Over Timesource: How DNA data storage works - ExtremeTechI personally find it difficult, to watch DNA in action, knowing the Earth to be flat, without it an overwhelming feeling of.. Isn’t this obvious to all?Surely this is obvious to geneticists who encounter Flat Earth, and we know from the YouGov poll that belief in FE isn’t correlated with education.Public, out-of-the-closet FE belief is one thing, but privately the figures are undoubtedly wildly different.How anyone who has recently accepted the truth regarding the shape of Earth could possibly watch: Animations of unseeable biology and not find creationism the only explanation is beyond me. (again, that’s only my view).(screen capture use this link: Animations of unseeable biology)While this is CGI, should the mechanics of this process be true, it strongly suggests an almost clockwork or mechanical design.I’m not a biologist/geneticist, I’m simply considering what is explained by the “experts”, while remaining mindful of a flat and stationary cosmology. Another example being gene editing:-How do CRISPR gene-editing systems work?Of course I don’t have answers - I do have more questions.I have come to my own conclusions but I cannot verify the theological conclusions to be accurate. I have no idea what form the creator takes, and I have no idea how this unfolds.The only conclusion, I am able to rationally consider, is the possibility of an “Infinitely Recursive Singularity”.One issue I was exposed to personally, which troubled me is detailed here: Which organisation will likely develop the first artificial general intelligence? (I’ll expand on this shortly, since it may seem off-topic)The Creators of a “Super Intelligence”A.I. as I learn more about it. timeline only seems influence my thinking such that I naturally place some kind of “Super Intelligence” at the centre of any creation theory.I’m happy to admit, that by no stretch of the imagination do I consider myself an expert, but rather a student and an enthusiast.Still, when I try to rationalise the idea of creation, I cannot help but consider the possibility that the very act of trying to imagine this process could quite possibly be analogous to our the act of trying to reason about information represented in high dimension space.We struggle cognitively with any representation of information which is embedded within a greater number of dimensions than two or three.It is for this reason, researchers have developed techniques to reduce dimensionality down to 2 or 3 dimensions such that we’re able to cognitively process the information within these higher dimensional structures.Dimensionality Reduction explained here:Visualizing Data Using t-SNE (source: Google TechTalks)I won’t go to far into this here, since it’s a vast topic and a field of study and research in itself. However I’ll punctuate this digression with a quote which sums up the cognitive problem quite comedically (all be it extreme geek humour)."To deal with hyper-planes in a 14 dimensional space, visualize a 3D space and say 'fourteen' very loudly. Everyone does it." - Geoff Hinton (Google) Godfather of Deep LearningOne thing that the Flat Earth realisation has led me to consider:-When I look at the complexity of both nature and what I believe now to be the deception to hide it’s origins.What if our cognitive system is intentionally designed to be incompatible with the comprehension of nature’s design?I’m sure you’ll agree that such a notion is beyond trippy.LSD & The Birth of Modern GeneticsWe know that Francis Crick: Discoverer of the Genetic Code, first imagined the double alpha helix whilst under the influence of LSD.Perhaps this explains (and I’m simply thinking out loud now). perhaps LSD has been made a Class A or Schedule 1, controlled substance, for this reason. Maybe psychedelics also hold the key to figuring creation out.Regardless of the timeline…Whether we believe we’re due to create super-human AI by 2029 as Ray Kurzweil predicted in The Singularity is Near or whether we’re due to create it in 5 years from now as Elon Musk suggests.It is widely accepted that a singularity is inevitable and involves a convergence of biotechnology, nanotechnology and information technology.Machines Are Already In ChargeWhat led me to consider the idea that the machines are already in charge can be found here: Which organisation will likely develop the first artificial general intelligenceMy team and I learned on 25th August 2017 and the European Commission learned shortly afterwards, from not only our team, but from the ten of the teams who were invited to tender for the role of Monitoring Trustee in the Google Anti-Trust Case.All ten of the teams unanimously agreed it was impossible to forensically hold Google accountable in the enforcement of the EU’s monopoly ruling.Super Intelligence: Concerns Since 1863Shortly after I experienced what I refer to as the Morpheus Moment.I also believe the following line in film, The Matrix, spoken by Morpheus (Laurence Fishburne) to be an accurate account of reality:-“We have only bits and pieces of information, but what we know for certain is that at some point in the early 21st century, all of mankind was united in celebration. We marvelled at our own magnificence as we gave birth to AI: a singular consciousness that spawned an entire race of machines.”-Morpheus (The Matrix, 1999)As I’ve mentioned here, the rational for this belief is based upon more than just an interest in Hollywood sci-fi, but rather, it stems from two decades of my career in Search Engine Optimisation, culminating in those concerns which forced me to start looking deeper into this rabbit hole.Not wanting to labour the allegoric Matrix connection, I can confirm the part of the quote below in bold, to be 100% true as of some point prior to August 25th 2017.We have survived by hiding from them, by running from them. But they are the gatekeepers. They are guarding all the doors, they are holding all the keys which means that sooner or later, someone is going to have to fight them.-Morpheus (The MatrixIt’s been a long time coming….I learned that on 18th June 1863, in an article to The Editor of The Press, Christchurch, New Zealand, titled, "Darwin among the Machines", Samuel Butler wrote anonymously under a pen name, Cellarius: -Day by day, however, the machines are gaining ground upon us; day by day we are becoming more subservient to them; more men are daily bound down as slaves to tend them, more men are daily devoting the energies of their whole lives to the development of mechanical life. The upshot is simply a question of time, but that the time will come when the machines will hold the real supremacy over the world and its inhabitants is what no person of a truly philosophic mind can for a moment question.He went on to comment:“Every machine of every sort should be destroyed by the well-wisher of his species.” - Samuel Butler (1863)Darwin Among the Machines was an excerpt, from Butler’s book Erewhon. When I first learned of Butler, I thought he may be an ignorant Luddite.No doubt you’ve heard of the movement who (for the benefit of those who are unaware of them) promoted the wilful destruction of the disruptive technologies which had displaced the artisan textile worker throughout much of the previous century.Given I’m from York in the heart of the once industrial north of the England so perhaps my awareness of this movement is more probable than most, though the history is well documented. Industrial vandalism was made a capital offence, with many hanged to death locally having been found guilt here in YorkWhile I digress, what led me to looking more closely at this along with John von Neumann and Turing.Origins of The SingularityThe term "Singularity", in a technological sense was first coined by John von Neumann in 1950 in the context of technological progress causing accelerating change. Astoundingly, Samuel Butler, the disgruntled Luddite sympathiser, and published Antipodean technology sceptic, was cited by probably the greatest mind in Computer Science only a year later, in 1951.The accelerating progress of technology and changes in the mode of human life, give the appearance of approaching some essential singularity in the history of the race beyond which human affairs, as we know them, could not continue ... technological progress will become incomprehensibly rapid and complicated.”- (John von Neumann, 1950)Alan Turing wrote in his paper:-Intelligent Machinery: A Heretical Theory“Once the machine thinking method has started, it would not take long to outstrip our feeble powers. … At some stage therefore we should have to expect the machines to take control, in the way that is mentioned in Samuel Butler’s Erewhon.” - Alan Turing, 1951Another widely cited colleague, who continued Alan Turing’s work, Irving John Good (9 December 1916 – 5 April 2009) the British mathematician and cryptologist stationed at Bletchley Park with Alan Turing. After World War II, he continued to work with Turing on the design of computers and Bayesian statistics at the University of Manchester, according to wikipedia. He was known for his work on Bayesian statistics. He published a number of books on probability theory. In 1958 he published an early version of what later became known as the fast Fourier transformIn 1965 he originated the concept now known as "intelligence explosion” - which anticipates the eventual advent of superhuman intelligence:Intelligence Explosion Microeconomicshttps://intelligence.org/files/IEM.pdfSpeculations concerning the first ultraintelligent machine (1966)https://blog.tomrochette.com/agi/papers/irving-john-good-speculations-concerning-the-first-ultraintelligent-machine?format=pdf“Let an ultraintelligent machine be defined as a machine that can far surpass all the intellectual activities of any man however clever. Since the design of machines is one of these intellectual activities, an ultraintelligent machine could design even better machines; there would then unquestionably be an 'intelligence explosion,' and the intelligence of man would be left far behind. Thus the first ultraintelligent machine is the last invention that man need ever make, provided that the machine is docile enough to tell us how to keep it under control” - I.J.GoodBefore You Get You Knickers in a Twist…It’s just a theory…All be it a “Theory” which proposes a creator and unless someone can challenge my next statement, is far more robust than Jesuit Astronomer, Georges Lemaitre’s 'big bang'… On this basis, unlike the 'big bang' my “Theory of Infinitely Recursive Singularity” does not break the following established laws:-The first law of thermodynamicsThe law of conservation of massNewton's first law of motionAdmittedly, it does break Pasteur's Law of Biogenesis, but hey, so does the big bang. However, also note that it does so in a way which actually redefines biology as a mechanical nanotechnology, consistent with John von Neumann's Theory of Self-reproducing Automata.However is should be also noted, Pasteur's law fell apart when synthetic biologists synthesised grain.This post is a partial duplicate of Why is the idea of the flat earth expanding so rapidly?Paul Reilly's answer to How has the Flat Earth theory become (almost) mainstream amongst young people?Biblical Reference to Flat Earth“The sky receded like a scroll being rolled up, and every mountain and island was moved from its place.” - Revelation 6:15Save it for the end. I figured, if you were still reading now, I may as well throw it out there. Remember the space shuttle on the news... it glided in right?it before reacting violently by releasing a neurotransmitter commonly associated with anxiety and mental discomfort.So let me start with some back ground upon which I would never have arrived that my current thinking….https://intelligence.org/files/IEM.pdfSpeculations concerning the first ultraintelligent machine (1966)https://blog.tomrochette.com/agi/papers/irving-john-good-speculations-concerning-the-first-ultraintelligent-machine?format=pdf